• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bovine Genome

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Chromosomal Localization and Distribution of the Telomeric DNA in Cattle and Pigs (소, 돼지 염색체의 telomeric DNA 분포 양상)

  • Sohn, S.H.;Multani, A.S.;Pathak, S.;Cho, E.J.;Ha, H.B.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.547-554
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    • 2004
  • Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes consisting of tandem repeat sequences of . (TTAGGG)n. Telomeres serve as guardians of the genome, protect individual chromosomes within the nucleus, and help in meiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes. To investigate the telomere distributions of cattle and pig chromosomes, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was carried out on metaphase spreads of in vitro fibroblast cultures from Holstein and Landrace using a human telomeric DNA repeat probe. Results indicate that the distinct double spots on both ends of chromosomes of cattle and pigs were observed. In cattle, there was a random variation in the intensity of telomere signals among chromosomes. In pigs, an interstitial telomeric signal was observed on the chromosome 6q1 of all the cells examined. According to quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization(Q-FISH) analysis, some chromosomes had consistently much more telorneres at one end of chromosomes. In general, both species had consistently much more telomeres at q-end than p-end on most of chromosomes. The relative amount of telomeres on bovine chromosomes was higher than that on pig chromosomes. In additions, Y chromosome had the highest relative amount of telorneres in cattle and pigs.

Transcriptional Regulation of MicroRNA-17 by PPARγ in Adipogenesis (지방분화시 PPARγ에 의한 microRNA-17의 발현 조절)

  • Bae, In-Seon;Kim, Hyun-Ji;Chung, Ki Yong;Choi, Inho;Kim, Sang Hoon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2014
  • MicroRNAs comprise a family of small noncoding RNAs that modulate physiological processes, including adipogenesis. MicroRNA-17 (miR-17) promotes adipocyte differentiation and enhances lipid accumulation. The transcriptional regulation of miR-17 during adipogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether miR-17 is a target of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), which is a key regulator of adipogenesis. The levels of miR-17 and the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased after the induction of adipocyte differentiation. Three putative peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) were identified in the miR-17 promoter region. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we observed the interaction of $PPAR{\gamma}$ with the miR-17 promoter. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the -677/-655 region of the miR-17 promoter could function as a PPRE site. These results suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ is essential for transcriptional activation of the miR-17 gene, thereby contributing to understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis in adipocytes.

Polymorphisms and Allele Distribution of Novel Indel Markers in Jeju Black Cattle, Hanwoo and Imported Cattle Breeds (제주흑우, 한우 및 수입 소 품종에서 새로운 indel 마커의 다형성과 대립인자 분포)

  • Han, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Hwan;Cho, In-Cheol;Cho, Sang-Rae;Cho, Won-Mo;Kim, Sang-Geum;Kim, Yoo-Kyung;Kang, Yong-Jun;Park, Yong-Sang;Kim, Young-Hoon;Park, Se-Phil;Kim, Eun-Young;Lee, Sung-Soo;Ko, Moon-Suck
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.12
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    • pp.1644-1650
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this study was to screen the polymorphisms and distribution of each genotype of insertion/ deletion (indel) markers which were found in a preliminary comparative study of bovine genomic sequence databases. Comparative bioinformatic analyses were first performed between the nucleotide sequences of Bovine Genome Project and those of expressed sequence tag (EST) database, and a total of fifty-one species of indel markers were screened. Of these, forty-two indel markers were evaluated, and nine informative indel markers were ultimately selected for population analysis. Nucleotide sequences of each marker were re-sequenced and their polymorphic patterns were typed in six cattle breeds: Holstein, Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and two Korean native cattle breeds (Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle). Cattle breeds tested in this study showed polymorphic patterns in eight indel markers but not in the Indel-15 marker in Charolais and Holstein. The results of analysis for Jeju Black cattle (JBC) population indicated an observed heterozygosity (Ho) that was highest in HW_G1 (0.600) and the lowest in Indel_29 (0.274). The PIC value was the highest in HW_G4 (0.373) and lowest in Indel_6 (0.305). These polymorphic indel markers will be useful in supplying genetic information for parentage tests and traceability and to develop a molecular breeding system for improvement of animal production in cattle breeds as well as in the JBC population.

Chromosomal Localization and Mutation Detection of the Porcine APM1 Gene Encoding Adiponectin (Adiponectin을 암호화하는 돼지 APM1 유전자의 염색체상 위치파악과 돌연변이 탐색)

  • Park, E.W.;Kim, J.H.;Seo, B.Y.;Jung, K.C.;Yu, S.L.;Cho, I.C.;Lee, J.G.;Oh, S.J.;Jeon, J.T.;Lee, J.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.537-546
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    • 2004
  • Adiponectin is adipocyte complement-related protein which is highly specialized to play important roles in metabolic and honnonal processes. This protein, called GBP-28, AdipoQ, and Acrp30, is encoded by the adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 (APM1) which locates on human chromosome 3q27 and mouse chromosome 16. In order to determine chromosomal localization of the porcine APM1, we carried out PCR analysis using somatic cell hybrid panel as well as porcine whole genome radiation hybrid (RH) panel. The result showed that the porcine APM1 located on chromosome 13q41 or 13q46-49. These locations were further investigated with the two point analysis of RH panel, revealed the most significant linked marker (LOD score 20.29) being SIAT1 (8 cRs away), where the fat-related QTL located. From the SSCP analysis of APM1 using 8 pig breeds, two distinct SSCP types were detected from K~ native and Korean wild pigs. The determined sequences in Korean native and Korean wild pigs showed that two nucleotide positions (T672C and C705G) were substituted. The primary sequence of the porcine APM1 has 79 to 87% identity with those of human, mouse, and bovine APM1. The domain structures of the porcine APM1 such as signal sequence, hypervariable region, collagenous region. and globular domain are also similar to those of mammalian genes.