• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.379-393
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• 1997

Geology of the Zbezkazgan copper deposit in Kazhkstan is mainly composed of Permian and Carboniferous sedimenary rocks in which copper minerals are mainly contained in grey sandstone of Carboniferous age. There are 28 layers of copper ore bodies in Zbezkazgan suite. Thickness of the ore bodies ranges from one to 35 meters, grade of the crude ore ranges from 2 to 5 wt % Cu and the extension of the orebodies is 5 to 7 km. Microscopic study on specimens from the Zbezkazgan ore deposit has exposed clues to understand the origin of this deposit. Alternatively deposited grey sandstone and red sandstone are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar grains. A big difference between the grey sandstone and the red sandstone is in grain size, the former is larger than the latter. Chalcocites as main copper minerals have cemented through grain boundary. It is assumed that quartz, feldspar and copper were derived from granitoid in which copper mineralization had taken place before exposing to weathering. The chalcocites were precipitated by a sudden change of geochemical condition (Eh, pH, temperature, etc.) of fluid which had carried quartz, feldspars, copper ions and sulphate during formation of grey sandstones. The copper ions and sulphate were stable in fluid during sedimentation of oxidation environment, however, the copper ions were no more stable at the reduced environment and changed to stable forms to precipitate copper minerals by reaction of copper ions and hydrogen sulfides. This chemical precipitation of copper minerals in the sandstone attributes to the assumption of hydrothermal origin on this sedimentary origined deposit.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2006

In general, brackets found at tank boundary are design according to the Classification Society Rule. Since much man power is needed in manufacturing the brackets stiffened by flange, it is necessary to suggest alternative designs, of which flanges are removed, through the rigorous structural analysis. In this paper non-linear structural analysis for brackets with and/or without flange have been carried out to examine their structural behavior and ultimate strengths. Alternative designs for brackets are suggested based on the results of ultimate strength analysis so that the alternative brackets have the similar level of strength and stiffness to the original brackets. It has been seen that the structural safety of alternative brackets proposed in this paper are beyond the appropriate level. The primary benefit of replacing the original brackets by the alternatives is the reduction of man power in manufacturing brackets and 10 to 15% weight saving can be expected in additional. This paper ends with some comments about the extension of the present study.

• IUGG한국위원회:학술대회논문집
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• IUGG한국위원회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

Three-dimensional finite-difference simulation of earthquake ground motion is performed using a locally variable time-step (LVTS) scheme matching with discontinuous grids. Discontinuous grids in three directions and extension of the discontinuous grids' boundary to the free-surface in the LVTS scheme minimize the cost of both the computational memory and the CPU time for models like the localized sedimentary basin. A simplified model of sedimentary basin is dealt to show the feasibility and efficiency of the LVTS scheme. The basin parameters are examined to understand the main characteristics on ground-motion response in the basin. The results show that the seismic energy is concentrated on a marginal area of the basin far from the source. This focusing effect is mainly due to the constructive interference of the direct S-wave with the basin-edge induced surface waves. The ground-motion amplification over the deepest part of the basin is relatively lower than that above the shallow basin edge. Therefore the ground-motion amplification may be more related to the source azimuth or the direction of the incident waves into the basin rather than the depth of it.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2 (2)
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• pp.247-249
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• 2003

Currently there are a variety of different tools may be used to analyze, model, describe and document a business process. However, it is difficult to exchange the information of a business process created in different tools because of the distinct information formats used in different tools. The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) of the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) forms a common interchange standard that enables products to continue to support arbitrary internal representations of process definitions with an import/export function to map to/from the standard at the product boundary. Generally a business process model can be represented by the UML activity diagram, but there is a difficult task to directly generate an XPDL document from a business process model represented by the standard activity diagram. In the paper we will propose an approach to generate an XPDL document from a business process model represented by the extended UML activity diagram.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.895-905
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• 2009

Let $B^{n+1}$ be the unit ball in the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ with the standard Hermitian metric. Let ${\Sigma}^n={\partial}B^{n+1}=S^{2n+1}$ be the boundary sphere with the induced CR structure. Let f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$ be a local CR immersion. If N < 3n - 1, the asymptotic vectors of the CR second fundamental form of f at each point form a subspace of the CR(horizontal) tangent space of ${\Sigma}^n$ of codimension at most 1. We study the higher order derivatives of this relation, and we show that a linearly full local CR immersion f : ${\Sigma}^n{\hookrightarrow}{\Sigma}^N$, N $\leq$ 3n-2, can only occur when N = n, 2n, or 2n + 1. As a consequence, it gives an extension of the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{2n+2}$ by Hamada to the classification of the rational proper holomorphic maps from $B^{n+1}$ to $B^{3n+1}$.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2010

본 논문은 3D 환경에서의 스웜시스템을 위한 자기조직화 방법을 제시한다. 스웜 시스템의 자기조직화를 위하여 인력과 척력을 이용하는 인공 포텐셜 함수(Artificial Potential Function, 이하 APF)를 사용하였다. 제안된 연구에서는 2D 환경에서 자기조직화를 위해 사용되어왔던 다양한 포텐셜들을 3D 환경에 맞게 확장 설계한다. 지면이나 수면 등의 경계면을 가지는 3D 환경의 특성을 고려하여 지면 포텐셜(Ground Potential)을 제안한다. 지면 포텐셜을 고려하지 않았을 때와 고려할 때의 비교 결과를 통해 지면 포텐셜의 필요성과 효과를 보여준다. 마지막으로, 다양한 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 3D 환경에서 확장된 인공포텐셜과 그 성질의 효율성을 보여준다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1377-1383
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• 2008

3차원 메쉬 매개변수화는 기하학적 모델링과 컴퓨터그래픽스의 여러 응용분야에서 핵심적인 문제이다. 메쉬 매개변수화 방법에는 크게 두 가지의 패러다임, 에너지 최소화 방법과 볼록 조합법이 있다. 일반적으로 볼록 조합법은 간단한 개념과 일대일 대응 때문에 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 경계선 근처의 높은 왜곡이 생긴다는 문제와 선형 시스템 구성에 있어 다소 많은 시간이 소요되는 문제를 가지고 있다. 또한 이 방법은 다루는 메쉬 의 기하학 정보에 따라 선형시스템의 안정성이 해손 될 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 볼록 조합법이 갖고 있는 선형시스템 안정성 문제와 시간 복잡도 문제를 중간값 좌표계를 이용하여 해결한다. 빠른 시간에 안정적으로 처리가 가능하기 때문에 보다 실용적이라 할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

In GIS-based network analysis, topological measure of network structure can be considered as one of important factors in the urban transportation analysis. Related to this measure, it is known that the connectivity indices such as alpha index and gamma index, which mean degree of network connectivity and complexity on a graph or a circuit, provide fundamental information. On the other hand, shimbel index is one of GIS-based spatial metrics to characterize degree of network concentration. However, the approach using these quantitative indices has not been widely used in practical level yet. In this study, an application program, in complied as extension, running on ArcView- GIS is implemented and demonstrated case examples using basic layers such as road centerline and administrative boundary. In this approach, geo-spatial imagery can be effectively used to actual applications to determine the analysis zone, which is composed of networks to extract these indices. As the results of the implementation and the case examples, it is notified that alpha and gamma indices as well as shimbel index can be used as referential data or auxiliary information for urban planning and transportation planning.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.463-478
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• 2021

The subjects of the study are the sedimentary rock slope of the Mesozoic Gyeongsang Supergroup, which has a high risk of failure. The orientation of the slope-face represents a variety of changing characteristics. The rocks of the slope shall be sandstone, siltstone and dacite, and discontinuities shall develop beddings, shear joints, extension joints, and dacite dyke boundary planes. The type and scale of failure varies depending on the type of rock and the strike/dip of the discontinuities, but the toppling failure prevails. Based on the face-mapping data, SMR, physical and mechanical testing of rocks, analysis and review of the stereonet projections and the critical equilibrium analysis, all four representative sections required a countermeasure method because the acceptable safety factor during dry and rainy seasons were far below Fs = 1.5 and Fs = 1.2. After applying the countermeasure method, both the dry and wet conditions of the slope exceeded the allowable safety factor. In particular, the face-mapping data of the slope-face, the geological cross-sections of several representative sections perpendicular to the slope-face, and the critical equilibrium analysis and the presentation of countermeasure methods that have been reviewed based on them are expected to be reasonable tools for the slope stability. In addition, it will be possible to use it as basic data for performance evaluation for slope maintenance.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1977

The earth's crust is unceasingly undergoing deformations because of the forces acting upon it. The relationship between the tectonic forces and the resulting deformations are found from the states of stresses in the earth's crust induced by these forces. The study has been attempted to analyze the deformations of the overlying sedimentary layers, which are deformed by the magma intrusion along its lower boundary. The elastic model is constructed to analyze the geologic structures, by means of the theory of elasticity, and then the appropriate boundary conditions are given. The solution of the Airy stress function which satisfies the given boundary conditions is derived from the analytic method. The internal stress distributions of the deformed elastic model layer are portrayed by principal stress trajetories, and then the corresponding potential faults and joints systems are predicted from the Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion. The internal displacement distributions are shown by the calculated displacement components vectors, namely horizontal, vertical and net components. Results of the numerical calculations show the developments of some geologic structures as follows; (1) one set of shear joints and or two sets of shear joints which are oppisite directions, and one set of extension joints parallel to the ${\sigma}_1$ direction, (2) one set of high angle thrusts and normal faults, (3) symmetric fold; both limbs are dipping in opposite direction with low angle. The field work at the Wall-A San area, located near Jinju City, in southern Korea, had accomplished to compare the field structures with the predicted ones. The results of the comparison exhibits the developments of joint and fault systems satisfactorily consistent with each others. But the area does not show any type of folding, in spite of the intrusion of a granodiorite massif, this fact is one of the important features of the whole Kyungsang sedimentary basins of Mesozoic age distributed at the south-eastern parts of Korea. For this reason, it is thought that the magma intrusion had occurred with extremly low pressure. The geologic structures have been modified by the erosion and weathering throughout the geologic time, and the conditions of the sedimentary layers (width, thickness and radius of magma) are not the same as before, being intruded by the magma. To enlighten this, it is preferable to study these geologic structures with analyses of various types of rheological models.