• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2019

We carry out the numerical simulation to test a hypothesis that freak waves can be triggered by the infragravity waves of bound mode underlying the ever-present swells and its constructive interaction with swells using the Tool Box called the ihFoam that has its roots on the OpenFoam, and Bi-spectrum. Numerical simulation is implemented for the SamChcuk LNG Plant where freak waves have been reported in front of the private wharf during its construction phase due to the uncompleted northern breakwater. Infra-gravity waves of bound mode is generated using the difference wave-wave interaction between the local wind waves of 7 s and a swell of 11.4 s based on the Bi-spectrum. For the sake of comparison, numerical simulation for infra-gravity waves of free mode is also carried out. Numerical results show that stem waves along the private wharf for SamChcuk LNG Plant can be triggered by the infra-gravity waves of bound mode coming from the north, which eventually leads to freak waves when encounters the reflected waves from the south jetty.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1986

Sequential estimation of parameters in a compound Poisson process whose jump sizes are one-parameter exponential class random variables is discussed. Cramer-Rao type information inequality is used as an efficiency cirterion. Unbiased estimators for certain parametric functions whose variance attain the lower bound are all characterized with the corresponding sampling plans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 1998.12a
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• pp.335-343
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• 1998

In Asiacrypt'96, Nyberg obtained an upper bound of the maximum average of differential probability for a generalized Feistel network. In this paper, we prove a counterexample to Nyberg's result is given.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate the effects of an 8 weeks of plyometric training on the total work of knee and ankles Joint. Methods: Nine university man aged 20$\~$22 years was divided in 2 group. Exercisers (N=5) performing plyometrics (pike jump, double leg hop, double leg bound, single leg hop, stride jump cross over, alternate leg bound, box jump) for 8 weeks. Controls (N=4) maintained their usual activities. The total work of knee and ankle joint were tested prior to and after the training. Results: Plyometric training resulted in significantly greater in the total work of high speed of knee and ankle motion(p<0.05). Conclusions: The plyometric training were partially improved the total work of flexion and extension on the ankle joint. Also plyometric training could influence athletic performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.429-434
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• 2017

In a graph G=(V, E) with n vertices, there is an unique box which is finally laid on each vertex. Thus each vertex and box is both numbered from 1 to n and the box i should be laid on the vertex i. But, the box ${\pi}$(i) is initially located on the vertex i according to a permutation ${\pi}$. In each step, the robot can walk along an edge of G and can carry at most one box at a time. Also when arriving at a vertex, the robot can swap the box placed there with the box it is carrying. The problem is to minimize the total step so that every vertex has its own box, that is, the shuffled boxes are sorted. In this paper, we shall find an upper bound of the minimum number of steps and show that the movement of the robot is found in $O(n^2)$ time when G is a cycle.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

While screening proteins that interact with DnaA protein, the initiator protein for Escherichia coil chromosomal DNA replication, we found a 52-kD sized protein which bound to DnaA protein in a salt-dependent manner. This protein was identified as trigger factor, a ribosome-associated peptidyl-prolyl- cisltrans isomerase with chaperone activity. Trigger factor was overproduced and purified to near homogeneity, and its effect on the function of DnaA protein was examined, Enhanced binding of DnaA protein to DnaA box with no apparent supershift in the gel-shift experiments suggested that trigger factor, by virtue of its chaperone activity, exerts a change on DnaA protein thus increasing its binding affinity for DnaA box.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1259-1270
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• 2019

The upper bound of differential characteristic probability is mainly used to determine the number of rounds when constructing a block cipher. As the number of rounds affects the performance of block cipher, it is critical to evaluate the tight upper bound in the constructing process. In order to calculate the upper bound of differential characteristic probability, the previous searching methods for minimum number of active S-boxes constructed constraint equations for non-linear operations and linear operations, independently. However, in the case of BOGI design strategy, where linear operation is dependent on non-linear operation, the previous methods may present the less tight upper bound. In this paper, we exploit the properties of BOGI strategy to propose a new method to evaluate a tighter upper bound of differential characteristic probability than previous ones. Additionally, we mathematically proved the validity of our method. Our proposed method was applied to GIFT-64 and GIFT-128, which are based on BOGI strategy, and the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability were derived until 9 round. Previously, the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability for 7-round GIFT-64 and 9-round GIFT-128 were 2^-18.395 and 2^-26.885, respectively, while we show that the upper bounds of differential characteristic probability are more tight as 2^-19.81 and 2^-28.3, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.465-475
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• 2010

In the horizontally curved bridges, girders are subjected to the combined action of vertical bending and torsion due to their curvatures without any eccentric loads. As subjected to bending and torsion, the ultimate strength of steel/concrete composite box girders are limited by the diagonal tensile stress in the deck concrete induced by the St. Venant torsion. To determine the ultimate strength of composite box girders in bending and torsion and their interactions, this study conducted a 3-dimensional FEA and classical strength of materials investigation. Using ABAQUS, the FEA fully utilized advanced nonlinear analysis techniques simulating material/geometrical nonlinearity and post-cracking behaviors. The ultimate strength from numerical data were compared with theoretically derived values. Concurrent compressive stresses in the concrete deck improve the shear-resisting capacity of concrete, thereby resulting in an increased torsional resistance of the composite box girder in positive bending. The proposed interaction equation is very simple yet it provides a rational lower bound in determining the ultimate strength of concrete/steel composite box girders.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid with signaling properties outside of the cell and it signals through specific G protein-coupled receptors, known as $LPA_{1-6}$. For one of its receptors, $LPA_1$ (gene name Lpar1), details on the cis-acting elements for transcriptional control have not been defined. Using 5'RACE analysis, we report the identification of an alternative transcription start site of mouse Lpar1 and characterize approximately 3,500 bp of non-coding flanking sequence 5' of mouse Lpar1 gene for promoter activity. Transient transfection of cells derived from mouse neocortical neuroblasts with constructs from the 5' regions of mouse Lpar1 gene revealed the region between -248 to +225 serving as the basal promoter for Lpar1. This region also lacks a TATA box. For the region between -761 to -248, a negative regulatory element affected the basal expression of Lpar1. This region has three E-box sequences and mutagenesis of these E-boxes, followed by transient expression, demonstrated that two of the E-boxes act as negative modulators of Lpar1. One of these E-box sequences bound the HeLa E-box binding protein (HEB), and modulation of HEB levels in the transfected cells regulated the transcription of the reporter gene. Based on our data, we propose that HEB may be required for a proper regulation of Lpar1 expression in the embryonic neocortical neuroblast cells and to affect its function in both normal brain development and disease settings.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2009

On screening pathogen-resistant soybean, we identified a WRKY type transcription factor named a Glycine max WRKY1 (GmWRKY1). Expression of GmWRKY1 gene was induced in the soybean sprout by Pseudomonas infection. The GmWRKY1 was expressed in all of the tissues with high levels in stems, leaves and developing seeds. The protein Gm WRKY1 contains highly conserved two WRKY DNA-binding domains having two $C_2-H_2$ zinc-finger motif ($C-X_{4-5}-C-X_{22-23}-H-X-H$) in its N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences. In electrophoresis mobility shift assay, the GmWRKY1 protein bound specifically to W-box elements in the promoters of defense related genes. These results demonstrated that GmWRKY1 is one of the soybean WRKY family genes and the plant-specific transcription factors for defense processes.