• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.08a
• /
• pp.372-372
• /
• 2012

We have studied a fabrication of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) wire arrays and structures with various feature sizes from hundreds micrometers to tens nanometers. PEDOT is well-known as a conducting material, can be grown by a vapor pressure polymerization (VPP) method. The VPP technique is a bottom-up processing method that utilizes the organic arrangement of macromolecules to easily produce ordered aggregates. Also, liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding (LB-nTM), which was reported as a new direct patterning method recently, is based on the direct transfer of various materials from a mould to a substrate through a liquid bridge between them. The PEDOT nanowires grown by VPP method and transferred on a substrate to use LB-nTM method have been investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and electrical properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09a
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2010

PAP method is a combined measures which consist a anchored retaining wall method with permanent ground anchors and vertical precast concrete panels, step by step on the slope surface. And soil is back filled between slope and vertical precast panels. Therefore, this method is more effective than any other ground anchor reinforcing methods of slope stability, for example cross type concrete block ground anchor or buttress concrete block ground anchor method. Because of increasing effective anchor force and green tree planting.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 1996

The multilevel grid file(MLGF) is a dynamic multidimensional file organization supporting multi-attribute accesses efficiently. The paper proposes new method for batch-constructing MLGFs. Our method consists of two phases. The first phase begins by relocating all the objects in order that logically adjacent objects in multidimensional domain space are clustered in one dimensional physical space. For this, our method employs the Z-ordering scheme, which effectively maps multidimensional space into one dimensional space preserving proximity. The second phase paginates the relocated objects and creates leaf level directory entries, each of which corresponds to a object page. Simultaneously, it performs same actions on the directory entries recursively in a bottom-up fashion until the root directory fits in a page. For performance evaluation, we analyze our method in terms of the number of page accesses. The result shows the optimality of our method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.410-422
• /
• 1997

In this paper, we descried a bottom-up document structure analysis method in bilingual Korean-English document. We proposed a character segmentation method based on the layout information of connected component of each character. In many researches, a document has been analyzed into text blocks and graphics. We analyzed a document into four parts: text, table, graphic, and separator. A text is recursively subdivided into text blocks, text lines, words, and characters. To extract the character in bilingual text, we proposed a new method of word of word separation of Korean or English. Futhermore, we used a character merging and segmentation method in accordance with the properties of Hangul on the Korean word blocks. Experimental results on the various documents show that the proposed method is very effectively operated on the document structure analysis and the character segmentation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 2003

The interaction of incident monochromiatic waves with N bottom-mounted porous circular cylinders is investigated in the frame of three-dimensional linear potential theory. The fluid domain is divided into N+l regions i.e. a single exterior region and N interior regions, and the diffraction potential in each fluid region is expressed by an eigenfunction expansion method (Williams and Li,2000). The analytic results show that the porous structure reduces both the wave forces and the run-up wave around the cylinder. To verify the developed model, the systematic model test with a line array of porous cylinders is conducted at the wave tank (30m$\times$7m$\times$1.5m). The analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental results within measured frequency range. It is concluded that the breakwater constructed with an array of porous circular cylinders shows the performance of an effective wave barrier together with the seawater-exchange effect and is considered to have vast potentials for the use of seawater-exchanging breakwater in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.103-115
• /
• 2015

As rural development projects, mostly carried out in a top-down development method in the past came to take a bottom-up development method in earnest, entering the 2000s, resident participation became an essential element of a rural community design project, to the extent that it can influence the success or failure of a rural community design project. It is taken for granted that rural residents independently participate in community design projects, but as they are accustomed to various subsidy projects carried out by the government and become increasingly aging, it is not easy to induce their spontaneous participation in farming areas with such problems. Especially, to prevent the distrust between administrative agencies and residents from serving as an obstacle in the residents' spontaneous participation, it is necessary to construct horizontal governance among the village residents, administrative agencies and the group of experts supporting for the project. This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of governance in the relationship between resident participation and the performance of the rural community design project based on this problem recognition, and for this purpose, the results of a survey with residents in Utturu Village, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, which was completed by carrying out a comprehensive rural development project, the typical bottom-up community design project was used for an empirical analysis. The results of the study can provide implications for setting directions, establishing strategies and constructing governance of rural community design projects in the future, and especially, it can be said that this study has academic significance in that governance is recognized as an important variable related to the project performance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2003

This study was an exploratory approach to the cognitive model of textile designers on the stage of motif development in textile design process. Prior to the main research, several previous studies adopting methods of video/audio protocol analysis were reviewed. On the basis of the review, the categories of design action were derived as an analysis frame by application of top-down access method, meanwhile the sub-groups of each category of design action were identified through a bottom-up access method. To summarize the research result, total three categories of textile design action appeared based on the theory of ‘Human processor’ model : ‘motor action’, ‘perceptual action’ and 'cognitive action'. In next, a new coding scheme suitably explaining these three categories of fertile design action was developed. Finally, a cognitive model of textile designer on the stage of motif development, employing the new coding scheme, was suggested in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2017

This study proposes an analysis methodology for air quality improvement effect of transport and environment policy that are used for mobile pollution sources. The methodology considers the changes of traffic of road transport sources and air pollutant emission, the changes of atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants and the effects on the health of local residents in response to policy implementation. Especially, the changes to traffic flow must be considered in evaluating the effects on atmospheric environment as it has a direct connection to the effects of the policy in this study. We used bottom-up approach (BUA) based on the travel demand model to reflect the changes of travel behavior in detail in response to the policy implementation compared to the top-down approach (TDA) when calculating the changes of emission level of road transport. We showed the applicability of the proposed analysis methodology through a policy scenario analysis, and the analysis method can be effectively applied to the cases in which travelers' behavior changes are expected.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties of learners who started programming after entering college and to search an effective software education method as university liber arts for non-science major students. In order to do this, we analyzed the difficulties of learners in Python programming classes composed of students from various majors at H University through questioning and taught them using flipped class model with pre-questions. The questions that students submit are collected online before class every time, the data on the degree of the difficulty of feeling and the understanding of feeling were obtained through the questionnaire. As a result, for learners who are new to programming, the learners should allocate the process of making the problem into a logical abstraction at the beginning of the curriculum before learning the basic concept of computer language, each lesson should be practiced through the bottom-up problems enough to provide a logical understanding before actual coding. In addition, detailed curriculum should be developed according to characteristics of learner's major, contents and conducting level.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.9-46
• /
• 2013

The degree of delegation related to the social security acts is involved in the candidate selection methods and the standing committee system. The social security acts with a small amount of delegation have an affinity with the bottom-up selection methods and the standing committee to guarantee long term in office. In Germany, the bottom-up selection method which guarantees the right of party members to nominate candidates and the standing committee to guarantee long term in office have an affinity with the Social Acts with less delegation. But the social security acts with a large number of delegation have an affinity with the top-down selection methods and the standing committee not to guarantee long term in office. In Korea, the top-down selection method in which the central headquarter of the party dominates the selection process, and the standing committee whose members are to be selected every two years have an affinity with the Social Security Acts with the excessive delegation.