• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2013

Tigers are one of the most endangered species over the world and protected internationally or locally. However, they are still traded illegally for the Traditional East Asia Medicine or souvenirs / mementos as well as fake products. In the present study, to identify the species of the specimen known as the tiger's genitalia that was sold for mementos in China, two approaches of genetic tools and morphological comparisons were applied. On the basis of the entire sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp), the result of nucleotide comparisons showed that the specimen examined here is matched with banteng, Bos javanicus (Identities = 1,138/1,140; 99%). In addition, the examination of external morphological characters revealed that the genitalia of the specimen is much more similar to the one of cows, not to tigers. The outcomes highlighted that there are still some fake products of tigers traded in market and molecular genetic tools could help identifying species of wildlife products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1587-1594
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• 2011

Live weight, body length, hip and shoulder heights, heart girth, and metatarsal length were measured on 100 one to two years old Bali (Bos javanicus) bulls. Multiple regression of these measurements on live weight gave a prediction equation involving heart girth and body length (prediction $R^2$ = 0.845). These measurements were also used to derive several frame scores (FS). Live weight (Lwt) divided by FS was used as an index of body condition. Lwt/(length+hip height) was normally distributed and highly correlated with other normally-distributed condition indexes. This index was used to define five body condition scores. These were used to develop a five-point body condition scoring system in which the amount of fleshing over the vertebral processes, ribs, hindquarters, tail head, hooks, at the top of the neck, and the shoulders, the development of wrinkles in the skin above the hock and the neck, and the size of the dewlap, were used to describe the different body condition scores. Animals of score 1 had prominent hooks, shoulders, vertebrae and ribs, and hollow hindquarters and flat tailhead. Score 5 animals had rounded hindquarters, well-filled upper hind legs, small mounds of soft tissue were apparent on the tailhead, their hooks, necks, shoulders, vertebrae and ribs were well covered, and the dewlap was prominent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.467-476
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• 2019

Objective: This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in several Indonesian cattle breeds using microsatellite markers to classify the Indonesian cattle breeds. Methods: A total of 229 DNA samples from of 10 cattle breeds were used in this study. The polymerase chain reaction process was conducted using 12 labeled primers. The size of allele was generated using the multiplex DNA fragment analysis. The POPGEN and CERVUS programs were used to obtain the observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity value, expected heterozygosity value, allele frequency, genetic differentiation, the global heterozygote deficit among breeds, and the heterozygote deficit within the breed, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphism information content values. The MEGA program was used to generate a dendrogram that illustrates the relationship among cattle population. Bayesian clustering assignments were analyzed using STRUCTURE program. The GENETIX program was used to perform the correspondence factorial analysis (CFA). The GENALEX program was used to perform the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of molecular variance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using adegenet package of R program. Results: A total of 862 alleles were detected in this study. The INRA23 allele 205 is a specific allele candidate for the Sumba Ongole cattle, while the allele 219 is a specific allele candidate for Ongole Grade. This study revealed a very close genetic relationship between the Ongole Grade and Sumba Ongole cattle and between the Madura and Pasundan cattle. The results from the CFA, PCoA, and PCA analysis in this study provide scientific evidence regarding the genetic relationship between Banteng and Bali cattle. According to the genetic relationship, the Pesisir cattle were classified as Bos indicus cattle. Conclusion: All identified alleles in this study were able to classify the cattle population into three clusters i.e. Bos taurus cluster (Simmental Purebred, Simmental Crossbred, and Holstein Friesian cattle); Bos indicus cluster (Sumba Ongole, Ongole Grade, Madura, Pasundan, and Pesisir cattle); and Bos javanicus cluster (Banteng and Bali cattle).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.