• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 2010

Purpose: Diagnosis of diabetic foot infection is sometimes difficult, since the classical inflammatory signs and leukocytosis may be absent due to the decreased host immune response in diabetics. Therefore inflammatory blood markers, such as white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been commonly needed to confirm the diagnosis of infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of WBC, ESR and CRP for detection of diabetic foot infection. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 113 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted from June 2007 to April 2009. Diabetic foot infection was diagnosed according to the microbiological culture from soft tissue and bone specimens. Reference values of tests were 4500-11000 /${\mu}L$ for WBC count, 0-20 mm/hr for ESR, and 0-5 mg/L for $CRP^{13,14}$. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values of laboratory tests were calculated and analysed. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was also created. Results: There was a significant difference in WBC, ESR, and CRP between infectious group and noninfectious group (p<0.05). The sensitivity of WBC>11,000 /${\mu}L$ ESR > 20 mm/hr, and CRP > 5 mg/L was 30%, 96%, and 84%. The specificity was 86%, 14%, and 50% for WBC, ESR, and CRP, respectively. Positive predictive value was 88%, 78%, and 84%, and negative predictive value was 28%, 50%, and 50% respectively. The areas under the ROC curve for WBC, ESR and CRP were 0.72, 0.75, and 0.78 respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that CRP is more useful method in predicting and diagnosing infection than WBC, ESR in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Background Free muscle flaps are a mainstay for reconstruction of distal third leg wounds and for large lower extremity wounds with exposed bone. However a major problem is the significant postoperative flap swelling, which may take months to resolve. We studied the efficacy and safety of immediate application of a vacuum assisted closure (VAC) dressing after a free muscle flap to the lower extremity. Methods Over a 19 months period, all consecutive free muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction at a Level I trauma center were evaluated prospectively for postoperative flap thickness, complications and flap survival. Immediate application of a VAC dressing was performed in 9 patients, while the flap was left exposed for monitoring in 8 patients. Results There was no statistically significant difference in flap survival between both cohorts. Mean flap thickness at postoperative day 5 for the VAC group was $6.4{\pm}6.4mm$, while flap thickness for the exposed flap group was $29.6{\pm}13.5mm$. Flap thickness was significantly decreased at postoperative day 5 for the VAC dressing group. Conclusions Immediate application of VAC dressing following free muscle flaps to the lower extremity does not compromise flap survival or outcomes and results in decreased flap thickness and a better aesthetic outcome.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.276-279
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• 2007

A 2-year-old male, 3 kg body weight Japanese Chin was injured in the automobile accident three months ago. The dog became antebrachiocarpal joint instability, and performed pancarpal arthrodesis using 3 K-wires in localanimal hospital. But, the result was failure. Therefore the dog was referred to Chonbuk Animal Medical Center, Chonbuk National University. In physical examination, right carpal joint instability, knuckling sign and pain were evident. In radiography, sclerosis was observed on the 4th carpal bone. Complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry and urinalysis finding were within reference ranges. Pancarpal arthrodesis was re-performed using 7-hole plate. However, mild skin and muscle defects was appeared by skin tension of extremity. We expected that granulation would fill the defect, but inflammation was continued on the lesions for 3 days. So, operation which is filling it was done by using the muscle flap and tubed skin flap. The donor muscles were flexor carpi radialis and superficial digital flexor muscles. After 7 days, the muscle flap was survived, but tubed skin flap was necrosed. After 20 days, the skin defect was substituted with granulation tissues. The flexor carpi radialis muscle and superficial digital flexor muscle transposition can be a useful procedure for reconstructing soft tissue defects in the carpal and metacarpal areas.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2009

Objectives : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways by many cells such as mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophile. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on T cell cytokine production, mast cells. and eosinophils, Methods : We screened 13 herbs to find compounds with potential to control Th cytokine production. using concanavalin A (con A)-activated splenocyte cultures. Con A-activated $IFN-\gamma$ and IL-4 levels in supernatants of splenocyte cultures. Bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) were incubated with SM and then the expressions of membrane proteins of BMMC were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were challenged with aerosolized OVA for 6 weeks. During the last weeks some mice were treated with SM. Then eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) were counted and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Results : SM increased $IFN-\gamma$ level on splenocyte culture significantly. but had no significant effects on expressions of ICAM-1, CD62L, integrin $a_4$. c-kit, IL-3 receptors. CD11a, or IgE receptors of BMMC. SM treatment significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltrates in BALf and peribronchial lung inflammation. Conculusions : The present data suggested that SM may have an effect on Th cytokine secretion and eosinophils associated with asthma responses. Therefore SM might be of therapeutic value in treating asthma.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.725-730
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• 2005

In the development of biomaterials as a substitute of hard tissues, the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the biomaterial are considered to be one of the most significant considerations. These biological properties of a material can be greatly improved by the modification of the surface properties by the depositing calcium phosphate thin films on the material since calcium phosphate films possess similar chemical compositions to hard tissues. The success of a material as a biomaterial will be determined by the interaction of the surface of the material with the adhesion molecules which induce cellular adhesion and biological responses of the adherent cells. Depending on the adsorption mechanisms and adsorbed conformation of the adhesion molecules on the surface of the biomaterial, cellular responses, such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, can be promoted or restricted. It has been reported that materials of which surfaces were modified with thin films of calcium phosphate appeared to be more osteoconductive. Rapid formations of bone nodule in addition to higher differentiations of osteoblast have been observed on the calcium phosphate thin films.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

In surgical treatment of the malignant melanoma, radical resection and a sentinel lymph node biopsy are essential procedures to eradicate the tumor and to minimize the risk of local recurrence. For the reconstruction of skin defect after tumor resection, a skin graft has been generally performed procedure. However, if tendon or bone is exposed after tumor resection, simple skin graft is not enough for the coverage of the defect and additional procedure is mandatory. In this study, we reviewed the clinical results of 16 patients, who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma of the limb and underwent surgical resection and reconstruction of the defect with various methods. The sentinel lymph node dissection was performed in all patients combined with radical excision of the tumor. In 11 cases of positive sentinel lymph nodes, further elective lymph node dissections were performed. The mean tumor invasion depth was 4.54 mm (2~10 mm), and AJCC stage II was most common (9 cases). The pedicled flaps were performed in 10 cases for the reconstruction of defects. All flaps were successfully survived without significant complications until the last follow up. In conclusion, a pedicled flap coverage is very useful reconstruction strategy for the soft tissue defects after radical resection of malignant melanoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2003

Out of entire salivary tumor, 1.7% are malignant lymphoma developed in salivary gland and it is usually mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma developed in salivary gland. In the case of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the most frequently involved extanodal sites of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are bone, skin, thyroid, gastrointestinal tract, and lung. Development in salivary gland is very rare. A 69 years old male patient who have found Lt. submandibular gland (SMG) mass a month ago is suspected of malignancy from his FNA result, so histologic exam by SMG resection was operated. According to histopathologic exam, large B cell lymphocyte infiltratration were generally shown as diffuse and lymphoepitheliallesion were not found. In immunostaining, CD79a showed positive and CD3, CAM5.2 showed negative which diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma. As Ann Arbor stage I, CEOP-B chemotherapy was used 3 times as treatment without any recurrence. In the case of malignant lymphoma in salivary gland, it develops as painless mass in ipsilateral side. If found in parotid gland, it is rare to have facial nerve falsy and pathologically diagnosed as lymphocytes of abnormal type of monoclonal immunostaining must be provided as evidence. Combined therapy is known as most effective treatment for intermediate grade.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.87.1-87
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• 1976

Bekesy measured the sound transformation system of the middle ear 49 years ago. According to his reports, a ratio between the size of ear drum and the size of oval window is 17 : 1, and the lever function of the ossicles is physiologically 1.3 : 1. Therefore, the hearing might be aggravated to 27.5㏈ in the case of the vanishment of 3 ossicles. In 1952, Wullstein reported 5 types of tympanop-lasty and the fourth type among them was especially named for the sound-protection. The oval window is only exposed by the sound pressure and the round window is not exposed. According to the application by this idea, the post-operative hearing might be improved until 27.5㏈. Mean while, in 1942, Onchi verified through his experiment that the results of Bekesy's measurement was not completely conformed to Onchi result. Bekesy measured the sound pressure on the stapes plate of the oval window, on the other hand, Onchi measured the sound pressure on the surface of the perilymph of the oval window after removing the stapes plate(Fig. 1).(Figure omitted) The difference of their experiment is recognized that the impedance of the stapes plate exists or not (Fig. 1). Both Audiogrums are compared as Fig. 2. The result of IV type of tympanoplasty is success ful in 54% as the Table 1. (Table Omitted) The reason of unsatisfactory is caused by the thick and unmovable window-membrane and by the closing of air passage to the round window. The closing of the air passage to the round window is occurred by the adhesion between the grafting membrane and the surface of promontorium. In order to preserve this adhesion, I produce to transplantate the mucous membrane of the lip to the bone surface of tympanic cavity after removing the granulation tissue of the tympanic cavity and to form a membranous canal for the sake of air passage (Fig. 3). (Figure Omitted) The post-operative hearing by this method is shown as Fig. 4, 5. In other words, the post-operative sound pressure entered into the cochlea directly, by way of the oval window only, not by way of the round window, as a theorie of the sound protection. (Figure omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1401-1408
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• 2021

This study examined whether the oral administration of low-molecular-weight collagen peptide (LMCP) containing 3% Gly-Pro-Hyp with >15% tripeptide (Gly-X-Y) content could ameliorate osteoarthritis (OA) progression using a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of induced OA and chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA. Oral LMCP administration (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks ameliorated cartilage damage and reduced the loss of proteoglycan compared to the findings in the ACLT control group, resulting in dose-dependent (p < 0.05) improvements of the OARSI score in hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Safranin O staining. In micro-computed tomography analysis, LMCP also significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the deterioration of the microstructure in tibial subchondral bone during OA progression. The elevation of IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in synovial fluid following OA induction was dose-dependently (p < 0.05) reduced by LMCP treatment. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry illustrated that LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated type II collagen and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 in cartilage tissue. Consistent with the in vivo results, LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of COL2A1 and ACAN in chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA regardless of the conditions for IL-1β induction. These findings suggest that LMCP has potential as a therapeutic treatment for OA that stimulates cartilage regeneration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

Fall is the most common cause of trauma in the elderly and a major reason of dental injury. Maxillary anterior region is the most vulnerable area to the traumatic fall. Loss of teeth and adjacent tissue in this area results in maxillofacial defects and inappropriate maxillomandibular relationship. Reconstruction of the loss requires comprehensive and careful planning to fulfill not only functional but also esthetic demand. Prosthetic approach can avoid surgically extensive intervention, reducing both treatment cost and time. This clinical report describes a 78-year-old woman with the loss of teeth and alveolar bone in maxillary anterior region due to a traumatic fall, rehabilitated with a metal-ceramic fixed dental prosthesis using gingival porcelain.