• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Objectives : Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility. It has become a major problem of senior citizens. The purpose of this study is to experiment the effect of water extract of Forsythiae Fructus (wFF) on osteoclast differentiation; and the other purpose is to examine the effect of wFF on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat. Methods : To investigate the effect of wFF on osteoclast differentiation and activity, RAW 264.7 cells were used. The number of TRAP positive cell, TRAP activity, pit area, mRNA expression of makers (RANK, TRAP, CA II, CTK, MMP-9, NFATc1, c-Fos), protein expression of makers (NFATc1, c-Fos) were investigated. For in vivo study, 40 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced osteoporosis by ovariectomy (OVX) and then tested for anti-osteoporosis effect by administration of wFF. Results : wFF suppressed osteoclatogenesis, TRAP activity and pit area formation. Moreover, wFF decreased the expression of master differentiation factors (NFATc1, c-Fos) and also reduced the osteoclastogenesis-related markers (TRAP, CA II, CTK, MMP-9). These suggest that wFF inhibit osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption. In the OVX rat model, wFF inhibited decreasing of BMD and trabecular area. Conclusions : Forsythiae Fructus should be effective for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

Aleurone layer of Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is enriched with anthocyanin that could increase bone density. This study was conducted to investigate the osteoporosis-preventing effects of the aleurone layer extract (BRE) on bone loss of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX (or sham-operated) rats were assigned to three groups (n=8 per group): sham operated group (Sham); OVX control group (OVX); OVX-BRE group, OVX rats treated with BRE at 90 mg/kg B.W. The deionized water alone or deionized water with BRE was orally administrated to Sham, OVX or OVX-BRE groups, respectively for 12 weeks. High fat diet with 45 kcal% fat and water were fed to all rats ad libitum. Body weight was significantly decreased in the OVXBRE group compared to the OVX group (p<0.05). The bone mineral density and bone length of tibia were significantly higher in the OVX-BRE group compared to the OVX group and breaking force was significantly higher for the both tibia and femur bones. Serum estradiol concentration and calcium concentration of femur were higher in the OVX-BRE group than those of OVX group. However, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone concentration were decreased in the OVXBRE group compared to the OVX group. The results suggest that aleurone layer of Black rice is a potentially useful ingredient to protect against estrogen deficiency or menopause related osteoporosis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.392-401
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• 2006

Image Guided Surgery (IGS) system which has variously tried in medical engineering fields is able to give a surgeon objective information of operation process like decision making and surgical planning. This information is displayed through 3D images which are acquired from image modalities like CT and MRI for pre-operation. The technique of image registration is necessary to construct IGS system. Image registration means that 3D model and the object operated by a surgeon are matched on the common frame. Major techniques of registration in IGS system have been used by recognizing fiducial markers placed on the object. However, this method has been criticized due to additional trauma, its invasive protocol inserting fiducial markers in patient's bone and generating noise data when 2D slice images are acquired by image modality because many markers are made of metal. Therefore, this paper developed shape-based registration technique to improve the limitation of fiducial marker based IGS system. Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm was used to match corresponding points and quaternion based rotation and translation transformation using closed form solution applied to find the optimized cost function of transformation. we assumed that this algorithm were used in Total Knee replacement (TKR) operation. Accordingly, we have developed region-based 3D registration technique based on anatomical landmarks and this registration algorithm was evaluated in a femur model. It was found that region-based algorithm can improve the accuracy in 3D registration.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.415-419
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association of estrogen receptor alpha ($ER{\alpha}$) gene polymorphisms in a cohort of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) patients. Methods : Accordingly, the authors examined the association between DS and $ER{\alpha}$ gene polymorphisms in 174 patients diagnosed with DS. The $Pvu$ $II$ and $Xba$ $I$ polymorphisms, bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and biochemical markers were analyzed and compared in the 174 patients with DS and 214 patients with spinal stenosis (SS). Results : A comparison of genotype frequencies in DS and SS patients revealed a significant difference for the $Pvu$ $II$ polymorphism only ($p$=0.0452). No significant difference was found between these two groups with respect to the $Xba$ $I$ polymorphism, BMD or biochemical markers. No significant association was found between the$Pvu$ $II$ polymorphism of $ER{\alpha}$ and BMD, vertebral slip or biochemical markers in patients with DS. Conclusion : These results suggest that the $ER{\alpha}$ gene polymorphism using $Pvu$ $II$ restriction enzyme influences the prevalence of DS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.607-622
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• 2004

Recently epidemiologic studies have indicated that the patients with periodontitis may have increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events, and have suggested the important roles of blood cytokines and acute reactant proteins in the systemic infection and inflammatory response. Periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) may share the common risk factors and the genetic mechanism associated with interleukin(IL)-1A, B and RA genotype may be involved in the production of IL-1. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between angiographically defined CHD and periodontitis as chronic Gram-negative bacterial infection and to determine whether the IL-1 gene polymorphism is associated in both diseases. Patients under the age of 60 who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified as positive CHD (+CHD, n=37) with coronary artery stenosis more than 50% in at least one of major epicardial arteries, and negative CHD (-CHD, n=30) without significant stenosis. After recording the number of missing teeth, periodontal disease severity was measured by means of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic bone loss around all remaining teeth. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the 4 deepest periodontal pockets and assessed for cytokine ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$). Additionally, blood CHD markers, lipid profile, and blood cytokines were analyzed. IL-1 gene cluster genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme restriction using genomic DNA from buccal swab, and allele 2 frequencies of IL-1A(+4845), IL-1B(+3954), IL-B(-511), and IL-1RA(intron 2) were compared between groups. Even though there was no significant difference in the periodontal parameters between 2 groups, GCF level of $PGE_2$ was significantly higher in the +CHD group(p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed the positive relationship among PD, CAL and coronary artery stenosis(%) and blood $PGE_2$. There was also significant positive relationship between the periodontal parameters (PI, PD, CAL) and the blood CHD markers (leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and lactic dehyrogenase). IL-1 gene genotyping showed that IL-1A(+3954) allele 2 frequency was significantly higher in the +CHD group compared with the -CHD group (15% vs. 3.3%, OR 5.118,p=0.043). These results suggested that periodontal inflammation is related to systemic blood cytokine and CHD markers, and contributes to cardiovascular disease via systemic inflammatory reaction. IL-1 gene polymorphism might have an influence on periodontal and coronary heart diseases in Korean patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 16-month milk consumption as a part of the health promotion community program for women in Asan. Subjects included 313 women belonging to the milk group (mean age = 69.1, range $47{\sim}89 y$) and 66 women to the control (mean age=43.6, range $20{\sim}69 y$) group. For those in the milk group, one cup (200 ml) of partially lactose-digested low-fat milk was provided everyday for 16 months. Each subject was interviewed to assess calcium intake by a 24-h recall after fasting blood was obtained for analyzing bone turnover markers, and calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) on the left heel before and after the milk supplementation. After 16 months, the calcium intake levels changed from 55% of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) to 85% RDA in the milk group and from 73% RDA to 84% RDA in the control group. BUA were reduced from $67.9{\pm}8.1$ to $64.7{\pm}17.5$ dB/MHz for milk and from $90.4{\pm}13.0$ to $87.2{\pm}15.2$ dB/MHz for control groups. Paired t-test showed the changes of BUA for both groups (-3.24 and -3.15 dB/MHz for milk and control groups, respectively) were significant, but the two groups did not show any differences in absolute changes. When post-BUA was analyzed after age, initial BUA and menopausal status were controlled as covariates in ANCOVA model, the milk group showed significantly (p < 0.05) smaller changes than the control group (-3.50 vs -6.71 dB/MHz, respectively). According to a multiple regression analysis, milk consumption and initial BUA showed significant interaction meaning that those with lower initial BUA showed higher milk effects. We conclude that one-cup a day milk consumption for 16 month can prevent further bone loss and significantly improve calcium intake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1355-1359
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• 2016

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Previous studies, including our own, have shown that MSCs can also differentiate into neuron-like cells. However, their rate of neuronal differentiation is not sufficient for application to stem cell therapy, which requires well-defined cell types. For this purpose, we first examined the expression of neuronal lineage markers (GFAP, MAP-2, KCNH1, Nestin, NF-M, and Tuj-1) by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. The expressions of the astrocyte marker GFAP and neuronal markers NF-M and Tuj-1 increased in neuronal differentiated MSCs (dMSCs). To improve the neuronal differentiation efficiency, PDE4, an important signaling intermediator in the progression of neuronal differentiation, was modulated using well-known inhibitors such as rolipram or resveratrol and then differentiated into neuronal cells (Roli- or RSV-dMSCs). The expressions of NF-M, Tuj-1 were increased while that of GFAP decreased in Roli- and RSV-dMSCs, which were examined by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. From these experiments, we have found that the neuronal differentiation efficiency can be ameliorated by the modulation of PDE4 activity.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate association of giant cell tumors recurrence between markers of proliferation cells (MCM3, Ki-67 and HH3) Materials and Methods: Ten case of giant cell tumor of bone were reviewed. The patients were six males and four females (mean age: 33 yrs). All patients were done operation after biopsy. The radiologic grading was determined according to Enneking grading system. The immunohistochemical stains of MCM3, HH3, and Ki-67 were done with Microarray block. Results: The three cases of 10 cases (30%) were recurred at same sites. Two case of recurrence was grade II according to radiologic features. The remaining case was grade I. The expression rate of immunohistochemical markers in radiologic grade 2 and 3 were more increased than grade 1. But there was not association between radiologic grading and proliferation of tumor cells because result data was not coherence. Mean MCM3 labeling index of non-recurred case was 11.2%, recurred case was 7.2%. Ki-67 was 12% vs. 8.9%, respectively and HH3 was 66.9 % vs. 75.4%, respectively. Thus there was no association between local recurrence and immunohistochemical Ki-67, MCM3 expression rate. But HH3 marker expression rate was increased in recurred cases compared to non-recurred cases. Conclusion: Our study suggests that HH3 immunohistochemical marker can be a useful prognostic factor.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are largely studied for their potential clinical use. But it is hard to get enough number of those cells for clinical trials and give serious pain to the patients. Adipose tissue is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated with large amount. This cell population (adipose derived stem cells: ADSCs) can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the ADSCs extracted from omental or subcutaneous fat tissue were expanded during third to fifth passages. The phenotype of the ADSCs was identified by the conventional cell surface markers using flow cytometry: positive for CD29 and CD44, but negative for CD34, CD45, CD117 and HLA-DR that similar to those observed on BMSCs. The ADSCs were able to differentiate into the osteoblast or adipocytes with induction media. Finally, ADACs expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on BMSCs and differentiated into osteoblast, adipocyte. With this, human adipotissue contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.807-811
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• 2007

Diabetes is marked by high glucose levels and is associated with decreased bone mass and increased fracture rates. To determine if [6]-gingerol could influence osteoblast dysfunction induced by 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib), osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was treated with dRib and [6]-gingerol and markers of osteoblast function and oxidized protein were examined. [6]-Gingerol ($10^{-7}\;M$) significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of 30 mM dRib (p<0.05). [6]-Gingerol ($10^{-7}\;M$) caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and osteocalcin secretion in the cells. We then examined the effect of [6]-gingerol on the production of osteoprotegerin and protein carbonyl in osteoblasts. Treatment with [6]-gingerol ($10^{-9}$ and $10^{-7}\;M$) increased osteoprotegerin secretion in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, [6]-gingerol ($10^{-9}$ and $10^{-7}\;M$) decreased protein carbonyl contents of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of 30 mM dRib. Taken together, these results demonstrate that [6]-gingerol inhibits dRib-induced damage and may be useful in the treatment of diabetes related bone diseases.