• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of alveolar bone changes in patients who underwent minimally invasive periodontal surgery-namely, the pinhole surgical technique (PST). Materials and Methods: Alveolar bone height was measured and compared on CBCT images of 254 teeth from 23 consecutive patients with Miller class I, II, or III recession who had undergone PST. No patient with active periodontal disease was selected for surgery. Two different methods were used to assess the alveolar bone changes postoperatively. In both methods, the distance between the apex of the tooth and the mid-buccal alveolar crestal bone on pre- and post-surgical CBCT studies was measured. Results: An average alveolar bone gain >0.5 mm following PST was identified using CBCT(P=0.05). None of the demographic variables, including sex, age, and time since surgery, had any significant effect on bone gain during follow-up, which ranged from 8 months to 3 years. Conclusion: PST appears to be a promising treatment modality for recession that results in stable clinical outcomes and may lead to some level of resolution on the bone level. More long-term studies must be done to evaluate the impact of this novel technique on bone remodeling and to assess sustained bone levels within a larger study population.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2008

Statement of problem: Changes of the marginal bone around dental implants have significance not only for the functional maintenance but also for the esthetic success of the implant. It was proposed that bone-retention elements such as microthreads at the coronal part of implant might help maintain the marginal bone level. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of microthread configuration within the marginal coronal portion of the implant fixture at the marginal bone changes after loading around two different external hex implants. Material and methods: Twenty-four patients were included and randomly assigned to treatment with $Br{{\aa}}nemark$ system implants (Group 1, rough-surfaced implants, n=20) and Oneplant system implants (Group 2, rough-surfaced neck with microthreads, n=20). Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted at baseline (implant loading) and 1 year postloading. Data analysis was performed by the SAS statistical package version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and the final model was calculated by the MIXED procedure (three-level ANCOVA) for marginal bone change of each test group at baseline and 1 year follow-up. Results: Comparing to baseline, significant differences were noted in marginal bone level changes for the 2 groups at 1 year follow-up (P<0.05). Group 1 had a mean crestal bone level changes of $0.83{\pm}0.31mm$; Group 2 had a mean crestal bone level changes of $0.44{\pm}0.36mm$. Rough-surfaced with microthreads implants showed significantly less marginal bone loss than rough surfaced neck without microthread implants. Conclusion: A rough surface with microthreads at the implant was beneficial design to maintain the marginal bone level against functional loading.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine bone mineral density and factors which effect on bone mineral density such as daily nutrients intake, age, menarch age and physical condition among healthy female college students in Daegu area from April 20, to May 20, 2004. 1. Average age was 20.5$\pm$0.96 years old, average height was 160.9$\pm$4.30㎝, and average weight was 55.9$\pm$7.67㎏. Body mass index was 21.6$\pm$2.91㎏/㎡, body fat was 25.6$\pm$5.79％, menarche age was average 12.5$\pm$1.1 years old and WHR(waist/hip circumference ratio) was 0.8$\pm$0.01㎝/㎝. 2. Average level of bone mineral density(T-score -0.56$\pm$0.91) was in normal range. But, 11 persons(24.4％) are over T-score -1.0, 33 persons(73.4％) were within -1.0 - -2.5 and one person(2.2％) was under -2.5. It is very anxious level for Osteopenia-low bone mass, as research result shows 73.4% of the subject of examine on the level of Osteopenia. 3. Daily calorie intake was 2,550㎉ and each nutrient intake, compared to the seventh recommended dietary allowances for korean, was as follows ; Calorie 112％, protein 123％, calcium 78％, phosphorus 137％, iron 68％, vitamin A 101％, vitamin $B_1$ 141％, vitamin $B_2$ 95％, niacin 107％, vitamin C 128％ and zinc 120％. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus(Ca/P) is 0.66, low compared to RDA, but phosphorus intake is so high compared to RDA that precautions should be taken. The ratio of calcium to protein(Ca/Protein) is 8.55. 4. Menarche age and bone mineral density of calcaneus showed positive correlation and body mass index(BMI) indicated positive correlation. Age, height, weight. WHR and physical activity coefficient all do not indicate any significant correlation with bone mineral density. 5. Intake of Calorie, Ca, Ca/p ratio, carbohydrate and fat intake were positively correlated and, protein was negatively correlated, and Fe, Na, P and cholesterol were negatively correlated with BMD. These results indicate that average bone mineral density of subjects was in normal range, but subjects in the stage of osteopenia-low bone mass are many and bad effects are expected to have on their bone mineral density after menopause. Therefore, in order reach maximal bone mineral density, they should improve the balance between calcium and phosphorus and reduce salt intake. And it is thought that education and profound studies on relevant factors affecting the genesis of bone mineral density should be made.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.618-632
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• 1994

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is promoting the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of treatment using decalcified freeze dried bone allograft as a bone graft material. 47 intrabony defects from 27 patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were selected among those 24 defects were treated via flap operation only and designated as the control group, the other 23 defects were treated with decalcified freeze dired bone allografting via flap operation and designated as the experimental group. Clinical parameters including probing depth, loss of attachment, probing bone level and gingival recession have been recorded at 6th months, and the significance of the changes has been analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Probing depths were reduced significantly in both control group($2.75{\pm}0.99mm$) and experimental group($3.69{\pm}0.97mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.01). 2. Loss of attachment showed statistically significant decrease in both control group($1.77{\pm}1.08mm$) and experimental group postoperatively($2.70{\pm}1.55mm$). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.05). 3. Probing bone levels were reduced with statistically significance in both control group($1.08{\pm}0.97mm$) and experimental group($4.00{\pm}1.41mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p<0.01). 4. Gingival recession showed statistically significant increase in the control group($1.21{\pm}0.72mm$) and experimental group($1.00{\pm}1.09mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). There was no statistical significance between the control group and the experimental group. On the basis of these results, treatment using allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is effective in reducing probing depth, loss of attachment and probing bone level. Therefore allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is an effective bone graft material in periodontal regeneration.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-31
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• 2002

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the hormones and cytokines associated with bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Method : Twenty-four Female-Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operated(normal) group, ovariectomized(control)group, ovariectomized and treated with extract Caraganae Sinicae Radix(treated) group. Each group was investigated the changes of body weight at 3,5,7weeks after treatment, and femur weight, femur/body weight, thickness of compact bone of body of femur, area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur, serum estrogen, serum calcitonin, serum parathormone, serum Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}$, serum $lnterleukin-1{\beta}$ at 7weeks after treatment. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The treated group showed significant change in body weight compared with the control group at 5,7weeks after treatment. 2. The treated group revealed significant increases in femur/body weight compared with the control group. 3. The treated group showed a little thicker compact bone of body of femur than the control group. 4. The area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur in treated group was increased significantly compared with control group. 5. The level of serum estrogen showed no change compared with control group. 6. The level of serum calcitonin showed no change compared with control group. 7. The level of serum parathormone was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 8. The level of serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 9. The level of serum $interleukin-1{\beta}$ showed no change compared with control group. The results indicate that Caraganae Sinicae Radix inhibits bones resorption in ovariectomized rats by it's lowering effects on serum parathormone and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6261-6265
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• 2015

Background: Even though rarely found in Indonesia, the incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is increasing every year. Bone involvement of MM is the most often a clinical disorder which leads to worsening clinical conditions and low quality of life of patients. Purpose: To determine the clinicopathology profile of bone involvement of MM patients in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study of MM conducted at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital (DNCH) by collecting data from medical records of MM patients who came to DNCH in period 2008-2012. Results: There were 39 MM patients all with age above 60 years. There were 56.4% male and 43.6% female patients. Most were diagnosed at stage III (32.4%), and 41% had obesity. The comorbid conditions were anemia (82.9%), hypoalbuminemia (60%), increased creatinine level (38.5%), increased ${\beta}2$ microglobulin level (94.1%), increased LDH level (23.1%) and plasmocytes above 30% (65%), but only 4.2% patients presented with hypercalcemia. Meanwhile, bone involvement occurred in 76.9% of MM patients with 4 lesions on average and a maximum of 16 lesions. The locations of bone lesions were spine (70%), skull (70%), pelvis (33.3%), humerus (30%), and femur (30%). Conclusions: The incidence of MM in Indonesia is increasing annually with bone involvement in more than three-fourths, but interestingly without hypercalcemia.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

In order to see the possible effect of the functional load-bearing after osseointegration of the titanium root form implant in dog a histologic study was conducted. One side of lower jaw was surgically prepared edentulousness and titanium implants were inserted. Some implants were functionally loaded through fixed detachable prosthesis and some are isolated and unloaded. The dog was sacrificed four months later and bone sections with implants were processed for histologic evaluation and the results were as follows ; (1) The bone to implant interface after four months of load bearing presented no mobility and no marginal bone loss radiographically and histologically. (2) The interface zone between compact bone and implant revealed a direct bone to implant contact and in some areas marrow tissue contacts were examined at the light microscopic level. (3) At the ultrastructural level the interface of surrounding compact bone matrix and implant, three types of superficial layers were found ; one with moderate electron dense amorphous granular substance layer, other with high electron dense fine granular substance layer, and another type of amorphous granular substance covered with high electron dense line of minute granules. (4) The osteoblasts in the marrow tissue neighboring implants and osteocytes in compact bone showed typical normal characteristics and in the marrow tissues some of lymphocytes and mast cells were observed. (5) The abscence of abnormal tissue reactions at a cellular level indicates a high degree of biocompatibility for the experimental titanium implant and basically no difference was found between functionally loaded and unloaded implants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1994

Effects of very low level of lead in diet and exposure time on the accumulation and distribution in organs and tissues was investigated with growing rats. 21 days old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lead for 7, 14 and 21 days by feeding of 0.03, 0.42, 0.92 and 1.46mg/kg Pb as Pb-acetate containing diet, respectively. Lead concentrations in blood, liver, kidney and bone exhibit a linear relationship with lead levels in diet. After 7 days of exposure, the greatest dose dependent accumulation of lead was found in kidney and followed in bone. However, after 14 and 21 days, the dose dependent accumlation of lead in bone was about two fold greater than that in kidney. The accumulation of lead in liver and blood was relatively low. As continuous exposure to lead, the concentrations of lead in liver, kidney, blood and intestinal tracts were rather not increased with exposure time. However, bone lead concentration was increased with exposure time by feeding of 0.92 and 1.46mg/kg Pb in diet, but not 0.42mg/kg. The lead concentration in gastrointestinal tracts tends also to increasing with lead levels in diet after 7 and 14 days of exposure. However, by 21 days of exposure the lead concentration revealed relatively constant value regardless of the dietary lead levels. It is concluded that the binding capacity of the lead in blood, liver, kidney and bone seems to be increased with increasing lead levels in diet. The lead concentration in these organs, with the exception of the lead in bone, seems, however, to be standing under steady state regulation by continued exposure with the same dietary lead level. Therefore, by chronic exposure condition with environmental relevant lead level bone might be a principle targe organ for lead and blood lead repesents better the current lead exposure than the lead body burden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.677-684
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• 1999

This study has dealt the effect of Ca regulating hormones and dietary Ca levels on Ca metabolism. Animals(BALB/c mice) were divided into three dietary groups(high and medium Ca and Ca free) and hormones including parathyroid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT), cholecalciferol(Vit D) were i.p. injected. After feeding experimental diets for five weeks, mice were anaethetized and sacrificed by heart puncture. We found that femur growth of mouse was slightly increased by high dietary Ca without showing statistical significance comparing to low dietary Ca group. The combination of PTH and CT showed the same effect when dietary Ca was high. At the same time, total mineral retention in bone was most affected by dietary Ca. In general, high Ca diet elevated Ca level in the serum. When dietary Ca was low, PTH stimulated Ca release from the bone into the serum, which was shown to be inhibited by CT treatment. Comparing to the control, PTH, Vit D and CT together tended to inhibit serum Ca level at high and medium dietary Ca. PTH and Vit D inhibited Ca reserve in the liver at all dietary levels of Ca. Both PTH and Vit D stimulated bone Ca retention when dietary Ca was low, but this effect was reversed when dietary Ca was high. When PTH, Vit D and CT were administered together, bone Ca level was greatly enhanced at low dietary Ca than at high dietary Ca, which suggests that these hormonal cooperation is needed for proper bone density maintenance especially when dietary minerals are not sufficient.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2011

The author have been conducting research on the development of biomaterials using human teeth since 1993, and we recently reported the results of several of our advanced studies. Based on previous studies, new bone graft material using autogenous tooth(AutoBT) was developed. The author performed implant placement combined with GBR and sinus bone graft using AutoBT during the period of June 2009 to September 2009. During the postsurgical healing period, clinical and radiological evaluations were performed. For patients who consented to histological testing, tissue samples were obtained and histological examination was performed two months and four months after GBR and four months after sinus bone graft. Serious complications pertinent to bone graft materials were not observed, and it was shown that the level of the crestal bone in the vicinity of implants was relatively well maintained. In histologic examination after two months and four months, favorable new bone formation was observed.