• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2009

Purpose: The hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia for the lowering of cholesterol. And studies about simvastatins have been shown to enhance bone formation in vitro and in vivo in rodents. But some other researchers have reported that there was no anabolic effect abouts simvastatins on bone. The peripheral distribution beyond the liver represents a small fraction of an orally administered dose. We hypothesize that this poor peripheral distribution is the likely reason that simvastatins, yield ambiguous results as anabolic agents. We therefore investigated whether the effects of simvastatins on bone may be enhanced by subcutaneous administration, providing better peripheral delivery of these drugs. Methods: 36 rat unilaterally mandible fractured models were prepared and divided into two groups. The simvastatin treated group where 1 mg/kg of simvastatin was daily injected subcutaneously. The same dose of normal saline was injected on the control group. And 3 rats in each group were sacrificed and taken bone samples in each week. Bone sample was evaluated with tensile strength and histological morphology after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks. Results: In simvastatin treated group, the fracture healing process, chondrocyte aggregation, collagen formation and trabecular bone formation was rapidly proceeded than the control group in histologically. The tensile strength of the simvastatin treated group was 1.02, 2.25, 3.95, 4.42, 5.49 and $6.00N/mm^2$ by weeks. The control group data was 0.60, 1.05, 2.17, 3.75, 4.15 and $5.17N/mm^2$ by weeks. The average tensile strength was higher by $1.04N/mm^2$ in simvastatin treated group. Conclusion: The currently available data on the effects of simvastatin on bone has done to confirm the finding that simvastatin helps fracture healing. And the potential for simvastatin to be used as anabolic agents for bone when delivered by the subcutaneous route.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.653-657
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• 2007

A 12-year-old, intact female Toy Poodle and a 10-year-old, intact male Yorkshire terrier were referred with bilateral mandibular fractures, severe periodontal disease and teeth loss. In the second case, mandibular fractures were repaired with periodontal disease treatment. After a fallow-up period of 1 year, fracture healing was successful in the second case, however in the first case, bone healing was not satisfactory because mandibular fractures were repaired without the treatment of diseased teeth within the fracture line. Nonunion and inflammation of fracture sites, oral malodor confirmed in the first case and normal union of fracture sites observed in the second case. It suggests that the treatment of diseased teeth within the fracture line is mandatory for successful fracture healing.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.370-375
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• 2019

Background: Some parts of a maxillary fracture-for example, the medial and posterior walls-may remain unreduced because they are unapproachable or hard to deal with. This study aimed to investigate the self-healing process of unreduced maxillary membranous parts of fractures through a longitudinal computed tomography (CT) analysis of cases of unilateral facial bone injuries involving the maxillary sinus walls. Methods: Thirty-two patients who had undergone unilateral facial bone reduction surgery involving the maxillary sinus walls without reduction of the medial and posterior walls were analyzed in this retrospective chart review. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 3-month postoperative CT scans were analyzed. The maxillary sinus volume was calculated and improvements in bone continuity and alignment were evaluated. Results: The volume of the traumatized maxillary sinuses increased after surgery, and expanded significantly by 3 months postoperatively (p< 0.05). The significant preoperative volume difference between the normal and traumatized sides (p= 0.024) resolved after surgery (p> 0.05), and this resolution was maintained at 3 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). The unreduced parts of the maxillary bone showed improved alignment and continuity (in 75.0% and 90.6% of cases, respectively), and improvements in bone alignment and bone continuity were found to be correlated using the Pearson chi-square test (p= 0.002). Conclusion: Maxillary wall remodeling through self-healing occurred concomitantly with an increase in sinus volume and simultaneous improvements in bone alignment and continuity. Midfacial surgeons should be aware of the natural course of unreduced fractured medial and posterior maxillary walls in complex maxillary fractures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

Objectives : Pyrite is one of the important prescriptions that has been used in oriental medicine for healing of fracture. It is reasonable, therefore, to postulate that native copper affects the process of bone metabolism and bone formation. The purpose of this study is to discover the effect of Pyrite on the healing of tibia fracture. Methods : 1. In vitro test : MG-63 cell in human body and the Pyritum in the ratio of 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 1.5mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml were incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, RNA was extracted via trizol reagent (Sigma, USA). In order to understand the activation of osteoblast, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin, was measured. 2. In vivo tesgroups normal group, control group and experimental group. Left tibia bones of mice in CON and JT groups were fractured by bone cutters. Pyrite was orally administered to the experimental group. After 14 days, each group's tibia specimen was constructed to observe changes in activation of proinflmmatory cytokines in relation to MIF and IL-6. Also, proliferation of osteoblast and osteopontin were measured via changes in levels of OPN and OPN mRNA. Results : In jn-Titro test, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin production was remarkably increased in Pyritum-treated MG-63 cells. In in-vitro test, fractured area in external tibia morphology was increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Osteogenesis, endochodrial ossification, and osteoid in fractured area were also increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Increase in OPN mRNA, osteopontin level and osteoblast's proliferation were observed. Activation of MIF and IL-6 was confirmed from the fracture region. Conclusions : From the result, development of a new stimulator in healing fracture via pyrite is expected.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.6 s.249
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• pp.722-727
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• 2006

Bone fracture healing is one of the important topics in biomechanics, demanding computation simulations due to the difficulty of obtaining experimental or clinical results. In this study, we adopt the design space optimization method which was established by the authors as a tool for the simulation of bone growth using its evolutionary characteristics. As the mechanical stimulus, strain energy density is used. We assume that bone tissues over a threshold strain energy density will be differentiated and bone tissues below another threshold will be resorbed. Under compression and torsion as loadings, the filling process of the defect is well illustrated following the given mechanical criterion. It is shown that the design space optimization is an excellent tool for simulating the evolutionary process of bone growth, which has not been possible otherwise.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2021

We report a case of a 69-year-old right-dominant man who had an open Monteggia-like lesion of the right elbow (Gustilo-Andersen IIIA) with severe proximal ulna bone loss associated with an ipsilateral ulnar shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident. The patient underwent two-stage surgery. Wound debridement and bridging external fixation were performed at first. Three months later, a frozen massive osteochondral ulnar allograft was implanted and fixed with a locking compression plate. A superficial wound infection appeared 5 weeks after the second surgery. Superficial wound debridement, negative pressure therapy, and antibiotics were administered for 3 months, achieving infection healing. At 3 years post-surgery, the elbow range of motion was satisfactory with a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score of 16.7. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed good allograft-bone integration without allograft reabsorption or hardware loosening. Although not complication-free, massive ulna osteochondral allograft implantation can be considered a valid option in cases of open Monteggia-like lesions associated with ulnar shaft fracture and severe bone loss in active patients, whenever osteosynthesis or joint replacement is not a proper solution. This type of bone stock restoration allows for future surgery, if needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2004

Chitosan is abundant polysaccharide polymer in nature Chitosan has been the subject of much research regarding its potential as a nutritional adjunct and pharmaceutical ingredient. In the present study, we examined fracture-healing process with chitosan administration and low calcium diet in rats. Left femur was fractured and fixed with intramedullary pin. The rats were fed normal diet or low calcium diet and administered chitosan with the doses of 0, 50, 100 and 150ng/ml orally 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Soft X-ray and mechanical testing of all fractured femora was taken. Radiographical finding showed that the callus formation and process of fracture healing was present in all the fractured femora. Mechanical testing indicated that the maximum load and stiffness of femur in rat fed low calcium diet was lower than those of that in rat fed normal diet. No difference in maximum load and stiffness of fractured femora in chitosan treated rat were observed as compared to vehicle treated rat. Chitosan or/and low calcium diet did not affect the ratio of fractured/unfractured femur about maximum load and stiffness. The results suggest that chitosan dose not affect the bone mechanical strength and the process of fracture healing. Low calcium diet does decrease the bone mechanical strength.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

In this paper, finite element analyses were used to estimate the strain distribution at the fracture site of a tibia bone. A stainless steel bone plate and various composite bone plates were considered to find out the best conditions for callus generation while bone fracture was cured for 16 weeks. Through this research, the appropriate load condition which makes the strains between the appropriate range($2{\sim}10%$) was sought. From this analysis, it was found that lower level of external load is needed for the appropriate strain for the case of composite bone plate application and it was also found that the composite bone plate had potential advantages for effective bone fracture healing relieved stress shielding effect.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.331-372
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to evaluate effects of low-intensity ultrasound and laser on healing of bone fracture. Twenty fracture patient were selected for this study(fourteen males, six females. mean aged 44.8) fracture area was humerus, tibia, forearm bones. The obtain result are as follows. 1. The result of this study were following that pain score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male(P<.001). 2. The result of this study were following that pain score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in female(P<.001). 1. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male and female(P<.001). 4. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in male between age(P<.001). 5. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in female between age (P<.001). 6. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male(P<.001). 7. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in female(P<.001). 8. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male and female(P<.001). 9. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in male between ages(P<.001). 10. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in female between ages(P<.001). 11. The result of this study were following that healing on fracture area was observed that reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

Purpose: Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the extracellular matrix and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of absorbable atelo-collagen sponge (Teruplug$^{(R)}$, Terumo biomaterials Co., Tokyo, Japan) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the second molar, healing of the fractured mandibular bone and new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Methods: In our study of six cases of mandibular angle fractures, all of them underwent the extraction of the third molar tooth & absorbable atelo-collagen sponge insertion in tooth extraction site. Three of them had a intraoral infection & oral opening to fracture site, two of the six had dental caries, and only one had reduction problem due to third molar position. Six consecutive patients with noncomminuted fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one noncompression miniplates and screws placed through a transoral incision. Results: All of the patients have showed good postoperative functions and have not experienced complications requiring second surgical intervention. There was well healing of the mandibular bone and the most new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing, and enhance periodontal healing. Thus, the use of atelo-collagen sponge and one noncompression miniplate seems to be relatively easy, safe, and effective for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular angle and third molar extraction.