• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2017

To reuse a broken plain concrete (PC) arch, a retrofitting method was proposed to ensure excellent structural performances, in which carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) were applied to repair and strengthen the damaged PC arch through bonding and wrapping techniques. Experiments were carried out to reveal the deformation and the load carrying capacity of the retrofitted composite arch. Based on the experiments, repairing and strengthening effects of the CFRP retrofitted broken arch were revealed. Simplified analysing model was suggested to predict the peak load of the CFRP retrofitted broken arch. According to the research, it is confirmed that absolutely broken PC arch can be completely repaired and reinforced, and even behaves more excellent than the intact PC arch when bonded together and strengthened with CFRP sheets. Using CFRP bonding/wrapping technique a novel efficient composite PC arch structure can be constructed, the comparison between rebar reinforced concrete (RC) arch and composite PC arch reveals that CFRP reinforcements can replace the function of steel bars in concrete arch.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 1981

This study deals with the low temperature ($25^{\circ}C$-$600^{\circ}C$) properties of Kaolin-Phosphate-water systems. Phosphoric acid, mono aluminum phosphate, mono ammonium phosphate, the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono aluminum phosphate, and the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono ammonium phosphate were used to characterize the M.O.R. of the systems with to quantity of phosphates, curing time, and firing temperature. Firing shrinkage, viscosity, surface tension, DTA, TGA, and X-ray diffraction patterns were also measured in order to investigated the factors of strengthening. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The M.O.R. of kaolin-phosphate systems were stronger than that of Kaolin-water system at room temperature or low temperature($25^{\circ}C$-$600^{\circ}C$). Though it was increased according to the longer curing time, the higher temperature, and the more addition of phosphate, the M.O.R. were decreased in the case of 10 wt% phosphate addition in the system of phosphoric acid, mono aluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid-mono aluminum phosphate. 2. When the concentration of Phosphate was at 4 wt%, the M.O.R. of specimen cured at $25^{\circ}C$ and added to the phosphoric acid was strongest among the specimens in added to the others phosphates. Whereas, when the concentration of phosphate was above 6wt%, the M.O.R. of specimen cured at $25^{\circ}C$ and added to the phosphoric acid mono ammonium phosphate system cured at $25^{\circ}C$ was the strongest. 3. The M.O.R. of the specimen heated, in the temperature range of 15$0^{\circ}C$-1$600^{\circ}C$, and added to the mixture of phosphoric acid-mono aluminum phosphate system or phosphoric acid-mono ammonium phosphate system was stronger than that of specimen added to Phosphoric acid, mono-aluminum Phosphate or mono-ammonium phosphate alone. 4. The bonding force of phosphate binders was more closely related to surface tension than viscosity and it tended to be inversely proportional to surface tension. The bonding force after heating treatment seemed to be caused by the change of structure of phosphate according to heating.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.601-621
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• 2014

Repairing and strengthening structural members by bonding composite materials have received a considerable attention in recent years. The major problem when using bonded FRP or steel plates to strengthen existing structures is the high interfacial stresses that may be built up near the plate ends which lead to premature failure of the structure. As a result, many researchers have developed several analytical methods to predict the interface performance of bonded repairs under various types of loading. In this paper, a numerical solution using finite - difference method (FDM) is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution in beams strengthened with FRP plate having a tapered ends under thermal loading. Different thinning profiles are investigated since the later can significantly reduce the stress concentration. In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both beam and bonded plate. The shear correction factor for I-section beams is also included in the solution. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to demonstrate the advantages of use the tapers in design of strengthened beams.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2017

The rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials have been widely investigated. As a priority issue, however, the effect of curing conditions on the bonding behavior between FRP and concrete structures is still elusive. This study aims at developing a prediction model to accurately capture the mode-II interfacial debonding between FRP strips and concrete under different curing conditions. Single shear debonding experiments were conducted on FRP-concrete samples with respect to different curing time t and temperatures T. The J-integral formulation and constrained least square minimization are carried out to calibrate the parameters, i.e., the maximum slip $\bar{s}$ and stretch factor n. The prediction model is developed based on the cohesive model and Arrhenius relationship. The experimental data are then analyzed using the proposed model to predict the debonding between FRP and concrete, i.e., the interfacial shear stress-slip relationship. A Finite Element (FE) model is developed to validate the theoretical predictions. Satisfactory agreements are obtained. The prediction model can be used to accurately capture the bonding performance of FRP-concrete structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Externally bonded ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is commonly used as a strengthening material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study reports the results of an experimental program investigating the bonding behavior between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates. The overall experimental program is consisting of five RC specimens, which are strengthened using the different lengths and widths of prefabricated UHPFRC plates. These specimens were analyzed using the pull-pull double-shear test. The performance of each strengthened specimen is presented, discussed and compared in terms of failure mode, maximum load, load-slip relationship, fracture energy and strain distribution. Specimen C-25-160-300 which bonded along the whole width of 160 mm recorded the highest maximum load (109.2 kN) among all the analysed specimens. Moreover, a 3D numerical finite element model (FEM) is proposed to simulate the bond behavior between concrete and UHPFRC plates. Moreover, this study reviews the analytical models that can predict the relationship between the maximum bond stress and slip for strengthened concrete elements. The proposed FEM is verified against the experimental program and then used to test 36 RC specimens strengthened with prefabricated UHPFRC plates with different concrete grades and UHPFRC plate widths. The obtained results together with the review of analytical models helped in the formation of a design equation for estimating the bond stress between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

건축물이나 교량과 같은 RC 구조물의 경우, 다양한 유해 환경하의 재료적인 열화나 구조적 문제로 콘크리트의 노후화 및 손상이 발생하게 된다. 콘크리트의 균열이나 철근의 부식, 구조 단면의 변형 등은 구조적 안전성 저하 및 구조물 거동 특성 변화의 주요 원인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 이와 같은 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 보강을 위하여, 효과적이고 적용이 간편한 공법의 개발이 콘크리트 분야의 중요한 연구 과제 중의 하나로 인식되어 왔다. 다양한 보수 보강 기법들이 과거 수십 년 동안 개발되어 적용되고 있으며, 이중에서도 최근 FRP 복합 재료를 구조물의 외부에 접착시키는 방법을 통한 보강 방식이 많이 사용되고 있다. 이 연구는 인공 지능(AI)의 일종인 뉴로퍼지모델(ANFIS) 을 이용하여, FRP로 보강된 원주형 콘크리트 부재의 보강 효과를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. ANFIS 모델을 이 연구에 적용하기 위하여, 기존 연구 자료 및 실험에서 얻은 결과를 통해 학습 데이터와 시험 데이터 세트를 구축하였다. 이 연구에서 구축된 ANFIS 모델은 기존 피보강 콘크리트의 압축강도, 보강재의 두께, 보강재의 보강 겹수, 보강재의 탄성계수, 보강재의 파단강도 및 보강재와 피보강재의 체적비, 피보강재의 부재크기를 입력 자료의 파라미터로 사용하여, 압축강도, 변형률, 2차탄성계수 등을 예측하는 방식으로 활용될 수 있으며, ANFIS 모델을 통하여 예측된 결과를 기존 연구자들이 제안한 FRP 보강 콘크리트 부재의 구성 방정식과 비교할 때 더 높은 정확도로 예측이 가능함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.491-496
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• 2001

In recent years, the research and development about the new material proceed rapidly and actively in the building industry. As building structures become bigger, higher and more specialized, so does the demand for material with higher strength. In the future, we will need to research repair and rehabilitation to make high strength concrete mixed steel fibrous building safe. The carbon fiber reinforced plastic bonding method is widely used in reinforcing the existing concrete structure among the various methods. The repair of initiate loaded reinforced high-strength concrete beams mixed steel fibrous with epoxy bonded Carbon Fiber Sheets(CFS) was investigated experimentally. The CFS thickness and length were varied to assess the peel failure at the curtailment of CFS, The behaviour of the repaired beams was represented by load-longitudinal steel strain relation and failure modes were discussed. The test results indicate that CFS is very effective for strengthening the demand beams and controlling deflections of reinforced high strength concrete beams mixed steel fibrous happen diagonal crack, the increase in the number of CFS layers over two layers didn't effect the increase in the strength of beams.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.597-616
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• 2011

With respect to rehabilitation, strengthening and retrofitting of existing and deteriorated columns in buildings and bridges, CFRP sheets have been found effective in enhancing the performance of existing RC columns by wrapping and bonding CFRP sheets externally around the concrete. Concrete columns and piers that are confined by both lateral steel reinforcement and CFRP are sometimes referred to as "hybrid" concrete columns. With the availability of experimental data on concrete columns confined by steel reinforcement and/or CFRP, the study presents modeling using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the compressive strength of hybrid circular RC columns. The prediction of the ultimate confined compressive strength of RC columns is very important especially when this value is used in estimating the capacity of structures. The present ANN model used as parameters for the confining materials the lateral steel ratio (${\rho}_s$) and the FRP volumetric ratio (${\rho}_{FRP}$). The model gave good predictions for three types of confined columns: (a) columns confined with steel reinforcement only, (b) CFRP confined columns, and (c) hybrid columns confined by both steel and CFRP. The model may be used for predicting the compressive strength of existing circular RC columns confined with steel only that will be strengthened or retrofitted using CFRP.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.344-349
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• 2008

When it comes to discussing the natural behaviors of human life, defining the word "community" itself can be extremely crucial. The word "Community" can be defined as a group of interacting human beings sharing an environment. It is also the basic form for "dwelling" which can be explained as a quint essential factor in human life. Compared to the previous traditional society with strong bonding and close chemistry between neighbors, modern society with simple and monolithic apartments brought a literal extinction of what has been called as a 'relationship'. Hence, people started to take this phenomenon as a problematic issue. Also, high-rise apartments made its residents more isolated and individualistic on a growing basis. In order to aid the aggravating symptoms, there has been a wide recognition between the "dwellers" to develop and strengthen their "community". This movement in strengthening the "community" is currently on a full expansion towards the cyber space, riding the tides of a drastic improvement of the Internet. Apartment web sites today not only displays introductory level of information they also provide wider meanings of general lifestyle plus deeper content, which can enhance their community.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.73-74
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• 2010

콘크리트 보의 휨 보강을 위한 FRP 플레이트가 콘크리트 하면에 직접 부착될 경우 콘크리트-FRP 부착경계면에서 대부분 콘크리트 박리파괴에 의한 최종파괴가 주로 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 이들 콘크리트 박리에 의한 취성파괴를 지연시켜 부착 보강재의 수명을 보다 더 연장시키기 위하여 콘크리트와 보강재 접착경계면 사이에 얇은 두께의 중간 삽입재(알루미늄, 티타늄)를 앵커와 에폭시로 부착, 기존의 FRP 플레이트 보강방법 보다 개선된 휨 성능 보강방법에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 상대적으로 가격이 저렴한 알루미늄과 재료적 성능이 우수한 티타늄을 중간삽입제로 이용, 콘크리트와 보강재 사이의 부착하였으며 이들의 활용에 따른 휨 연성 개선과 콘크리트 박리파괴 지연에 대한 효과를 측정하였다.