• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.393-395
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• 2005

The bonding for Aluminum and Copper in the air is investigated in this study. This bonding method does not include the special process of removing aluminum oxide films. In case of this bending, each metal Is heated at bonding temperature where is above eutectic temperature of Al-Cu system and below melting point of Aluminum. The liquefaction around the bonding surface occurs after the diffusion at solid state of each metal. This phenomenon is predicted by the temperature range above eutectic temperature of Al-Cu equilibrium phase diagram.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.654-660
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• 1991

Stabilized Zirconia (3 mol % Yttria, 3Y-TZP) was joined with intermetallic compound NiTi which has similar thermal expansion coefficient. The optimum bonding condition was determined by the Taguchi Method. Under the optimum bonding condition, the 4-point bending strength was as high as 400 MPa. bonding interfaces were examined by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM; reaction products were identified by XRD and TEM, The relationship between products and strength was examined.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the bonding effects of cleaning protocols on dentin impregnated with endodontic sealer residues using ethanol (E) or xylol (X). The effects of dentin acid etching immediately (I) or 7 days (P) after cleaning were also evaluated. For bonding to dentin, universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal; 3M ESPE) was used. The persistence of sealer residues, hybrid layer formation and microshear bond strength were the performed analysis. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty bovine dentin specimens were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10): G1 (E+I); G2 (X+I); G3 (E+P); and G4 (X+P). The persistence of sealer residues was evaluated by SEM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were taken to measure the formed hybrid layer using the Image J program. For microshear bond strength, 4 resin composite cylinders were placed over the dentin after the cleaning protocols. ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test were used for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively (α = 5%). Results: G2 and G4 groups showed a lower persistence of residues (p < 0.05) and thicker hybrid layer than the other groups (p < 0.05). No bond strength differences among all groups were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Dentin cleaning using xylol, regardless of the time-point of acid etching, provided lower persistence of residues over the surface and thicker hybrid layer. However, the bond strength of the universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse strategy was not influenced by the cleaning protocols or time-point of acid etching.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

Phenol-$(H_2O)_2$ 착물의 여기상태 수소 결합 동력학을 시간 의존 밀도 함수 이론(TDDFT) 법으로 연구하였다. 수소-결합된 착물에 대한 바닥 상태 및 다른 전자 여기 상태들 ($S_1$와 $T_1$)에서의 기하학적 구조와 IR 스펙트라를 밀도 함수 이론(DFT)와 TDDFT 방법을 사용하여 계산하였다. 페놀과 두 물분자 간에 3개의 수소 결합으로 구성된 고리가 형성되었다. 세 개의 수소 결합에서 분자간 수소결합 $O_1-H_2{\cdots}O_3-H$은 $S_1$ 그리고 $T_1$ 상태에서 더 강해졌지만, 수소결합 $O_5-H_6{\cdots}O_1-H$은 $S_1$과 $T_1$상태에서 약해졌다. 이러한 결과들은 다른 전자 상태에서 수소 결합과 hydrogen-bonding groups의 결합 길이의 변화를 이론적으로 모니터링하여 얻었다. 수소 결합 $O_1-H_2{\cdots}O_3-H$가 $S_1$와 $T_1$ 상태 모두에서 강화된다는 것은 OH(phenol)의 계산된 신축 진동 모드가 광 여기에 의해 적색-이동한다는 것으로부터 확인 되었다. 전자 여기 상태에서 수소 결합이 강해지고 약해지는 행동은 phenol-$(H_2O)_n$의 다른 고리 구조에 존재할 수 있다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 웨이퍼 레벨 기술을 이용한 CIS용 폴리머 접합 기술을 연구하고 접합 후의 warpage 분석과 개별 패키지의 신뢰성 테스트를 수행하였다. 균일한 접합 높이를 유지하기 위하여 glass 웨이퍼 상에 dam을 형성하고 접합용 폴리머 층을 patterning하여 Si과 glass 웨이퍼의 접합 테스트를 수행하였다. Si 웨이퍼의 접합온도, 접합 압력 그리고 접합 층이 낮을수록 warpage 결과가 감소하였으며 접합시간과 승온 시간이 짧을수록 warpage 결과가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 접합 된 웨이퍼를 dicing 하여 각 개별 칩 단위로 TC, HTC, Humidity soak의 신뢰성 테스트를 수행하였으며 warpage 결과가 패키지의 신뢰성 결과에 미치는 영향은 미비한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1994년도 추계 학술발표 강연 및 논문 개요집
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• pp.1-1
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• 1994

;The electronic state calculations for various types of ceramic materials have beell performed by the use of $DV-X\;{\alpha}$ cluster method. The molecular orbital levels and wave functions for model clusters have been computed to study the electronic properties ami chemical bonding of the ceramics. For ${\beta}-sialon(Si_{6-z}Al_zO_zN_{8-z})$ which is a high temperature structural material based on ${\beta}-Si_3N_4$, we have made model cluster calculations to estimate the strength of chemical bonding between atoms by the Mulliken population analysis. It is found that the covalent bonding between Si and N atoms is very strong in pure ${\beta}-Si_3N_4$, but the covalency around solute atom is considerably weakened when Si atom is substituted by AI. This tendency is enhanced by an additional substitution of oxygen atom for N. The result calculated can well explain the experimental data of changes in mechanical properties such as the reductions of Young's modulus and Vickers hardness with increment of z-value in ${\beta}-sialon$. Various model clusters for transition metal oxides which show many interesting physical and chemical properties have also been calculated. High-valent perovskite-type iron oxides EMFe0_3E(M=Ca and Sr) possess very interesting magnetic and chemical properties. In these oxides, iron exists as $Fe^{4+}$ state, but the experimental measurement of Mossba~er effect suggests that disproportionation $2Fe^{4+}=Fe^{3+}+Fe^{5+}$ takes place for $CaFe0_3$ at low temperatures. The model cluster calculations for these compounds indicated the existence of considerably strong covalent bonding of Fe-O. The calculations of hyperfine interaction at iron neucleus show very good agreement with the experimental Mossbauer measurements. The result calculated also implies that the disproportionation reaction is strongly possible by assuming the quenching of breathing phonon mode at low temperatures.tures.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1998

The present study is concerned with the hydrostatic extrusion process of copper-clad aluminium bar to investigate the bonding conditions as well as the basic flow characteristics. Considering the bonding mechanism of bi-metal contact surface as cold pressure welding the normal pressure and the contact surface expansion are selected as process parameters governing the bonding conditions, in this study the critical normal pressure required for the local extrusion-the protrusion of virgin surfaces by the surface expansion at the interface-is obtained using a slip line method and is then used as a criteron for the bonding. A rigid plastic finite element method is used to analyze the steady state extrusion process. The interface profile of bi-metal rod is predicted by tracking the paths of two particles adja-process. The interface profile of bi-metal rod is predicted by tracking the paths of two particles adja-cent to interface surface. The contact surface area ration and the normal pressure along the interface are calculated and compared to the critical normal pressure to check bonding. It is found that the model predictions are generally in good agreement with the experimental observations. The compar-isons of the extrusion pressure and interface profile by the finite element with those by experi-ments are also given.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to analyze the castability, surface oxide characteristic of Co-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown and the bonding strength of porcelain fused to metal crown. Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown was used for tests of the castability and surface oxide state and shear bonding strength by various porcelain. The aim of this study was to suggest the differences of result according to Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloy. Methods: The kinds of alloy as test specimen was Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloy. The castability index on the alloy specimens. The surfaces of two alloys were analyzed by SEM and EDX in order to observe oxide characteristic. And the shear test was performed by MTS. Results: The castability index of Co-Cr alloy was 96.8% and Ni-Cr alloy was 94.4%. The strongest bonding strength of Co-Cr alloy was shown 67.37 MPa. Conclusion: The shear bonding strength between Co-Cr alloy and EX3 porcelain was the strongest comparing with others. And all of each alloy was indicated as same level about the castability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2003

An analysis of the electronic structure and bonding in the ternary silicide YNiSi₃is made, using extended Huckel tight-binding calculations. The YNiSi₃structure consists of Ni-capped Si₂dimer layers and Si zigzag chains. Significant bonding interactions are present between the silicon atoms in the structure. The oxidation state formalism of $(Y^{3+})(Ni^0)(Si^3)^{3-}$ for YNiSi₃constitutes a good starting point to describe its electronic structure. Si atoms receive electrons from the most electropositive Y in YNiSi₃, and Ni 3d and Si 3p states dominate below the Fermi level. There is an interesting electron balance between the two Si and Ni sublattices. Since the ${\pi}^*$ orbitals in the Si chain and the Ni d and s block levels are almost completely occupied, the charge balance for YNiSi₃can be rewritten as $(Y^{3+})(Ni^{2-})(Si^{2-})(Si-Si)^+$, making the Si₂layers oxidized. These results suggest that the Si zigzag chain contains single bonds and the Si₂double layer possesses single bonds within a dimer with a partial double bond character. Strong Si-Si and Ni-Si bonding interactions are important for giving stability to the structure, while essentially no metal-metal bonding exists at all. The 2D metallic behavior of this compound is due to the Si-Si interaction leading to dispersion of the several Si₂π bands crossing the Fermi level in the plane perpendicular to the crystallographic b axis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2013

The adsorption structures of threonine on the Ge(100) surface were investigated using core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES) in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. CLPES measurements were performed to identify the experimentally preferred adsorption structure. The preferred structure indicated the relative reactivities of the carboxyl and hydroxymethyl groups as electron donors to the Ge(100) surface during adsorption. The core-level C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s CLPES spectra indicated that the carboxyl oxygen competed more strongly with the hydroxymethyl oxygen during the adsorption reaction. Three among six possible adsorption structures were identified as energetically favorable using DFT calculation methods that considered the inter- and intra-bonding configurations upon adsorption onto the Ge(100) surface. These structures were O-H dissociated N dative inter bonding, O-H dissociated N dative intra bonding, O-H dissociation bonding. One of the adsorption structures: O-H dissociated N dative inter bonding was predicted to be stable in light of the transition state energies. We thus confirmed that the most favorable adsorption structure is the O-H dissociated N dative-inter bonding structure using CLPES and DFT calculation.