• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate the color development and shelf-life effect of low-fat sausages (LFS) during refrigerated storage according to the additions of sodium lactate (SL), chitosan, and lac pigment. The LFS samples had $73{\sim}76%$ moisture, $3{\sim}4%$ fat, and $13{\sim}16%$ protein with a pH range of 6.4-6.6. The addition of chitosan ($MW\;=\;30{\sim}40\;kDa$) to LFS increased most textural properties. Hunter a (redness) values were increased by the addition of 0.05% lac pigment. The microbial growth of Listeria monocytogenes increased with increasing storage time. The addition of 2% SL and 0.3% chitosan with MW higher than $30{\sim}40\;kDa$ effectively inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes. The microbial growth of L. monocytogenes was further reduced with increasing chitosan MW. These results indicated that the combination of SL with chitosans (MW > 30 kDa, 0.3%) and lac pigment (0.05%) improved shelf-life and color development in LFS during refrigerated storage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

The effects of low dosage ${\gamma}$-radiation on the cell growth and the formation of shikonin derivatives were investigated in callus cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon under different medium and light conditions. Gamma radiation significantly affected the cell growed and formation of shikonin derivatives, depending on the culture conditions. In the cell cultures grown on M-9 medium, 2Gy and 16Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation increased the calli growth and the formation of shikonin derivatives, respectively under 16hr day light condition. When calli were cultured for 60 days in the dark after irradiation of ${\gamma}$-radiation, cell growth was increased at low dosage of 1Gy and 2Gy in LS medium containing BA 2mg/L and IAA 0.2mg/L. Interestingly, calli grown in M-9 medium by 2Gy irradiation for 60 days significantly stimulated the formation of shikonin derivatives(13.21mg/g cell fresh wt), which was approximately 6 times higher than untreated cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of low-fat sausages (LFSs) covered with sodium alginate (SA) film alone and with powder film (TSA-film) formed by cross-linking cherry tomato powder (CTP) and SA with calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Methods: Sausages covered with the biodegradable film were assessed based on the measurement of pH, color (L^⋆, a^⋆, b^⋆), proximate analysis, expressive moisture (EM), texture profile analysis, total plate counts (TPC), violet red bile, and 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during storage under refrigeration. LFSs wrapped with TSA-film were compared with those wrapped with SA-film and without film (control) during storage at 10℃ for 35 days. Results: The LFSs covered with the mixed film had lower pH, lightness (L^⋆), EM%, TBARS, and TPC, but lower yellowness (b^⋆) and hardness values than those wrapped with TSA-film alone. Conclusion: Lipid oxidation and microbial growth was retarded in sausages covered with biodegradable films, especially multiple films as compared to single film, thereby resulting in extended shelf-life of the LFSs.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1856-1863
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• 2003

Overlay model had several advantages to describe hysteretic behavior of material and showed good capability for many engineering materials. However, this model is only applicable to material obeying Masing postulate. Some materials such as 316L stainless steel do not follow Masing postulate and show cyclic hardening(or softening) and strain range dependence. Low cycle fatigue tests of 316L stainless steel at 600$^{\circ}C$ were performed to investigate the characteristics of cyclic behavior of non-Masing material. From all tests cyclic softening was observed. There were differences in elastic limit of hysteresis loop according to applied strain range. To consider these features, modified overlay model was developed. Yield stresses of subelements were divided into isotropic and anisotropic part to describe the non-Masing behavior. The plastic strain range memorization was introduced to consider the strain range dependence. The prediction using modified overlay model showed a good accordance to actual hysteresis loops.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2006

Fish backbone, a major by-product in the fish processing industry, accounts for about 15% of whole fish weight. In this study, recovery of bioavailable calcium from Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) backbone by-products using enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. Finely ground fish backbones were hydrolyzed with two proteolytic enzymes (pepsin and protease) to obtain soluble calcium from the by-products. The pepsin digest had a higher degradation efficiency (88%) than protease. Four different concentrations of the fish backbone calcium (100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) prepared by the pepsin digest were treated with $Na_2HPO_4$ at a concentration gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15 and 20 mM) to evaluate their solubility, revealing that solubilities of the fish backbone calcium were superior to those of $CaCl_2$ at all the calcium and $Na_2HPO_4$ concentrations. Among the tested concentrations the highest solubility was found in the pepsin digest containing a calcium concentration of 1000 mg/L. Thus, hydrolyzing with pepsin is an effective mode of recovering bioavailable calcium from Alaska pollack fish backbones.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.84-86
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• 2001

Capsaicin synthesis by suspension cultured cells of Jalapeno pepper (Capcicum annuum L.) was assessed in vitro under various conditions including temperature (23 and $30^{\circ}C$), light intensity (with light and without light), and shaking speed (110 and 200 rpm). Capsaicin production increased, while the cell biomass growth decreased possibly due to the production of a secondary metabolite. Capsaicin synthesis was primarily affected by light condition. Cells cultivated at 110 rpm and $23^{\circ}C$ under light condition yielded the highest fresh weight, while those cultivated under the same condition, but without light resulted in the lowest cell mass. Capsaicin content in cells of 18-day-old pepper grown at 110 rpm and $23^{\circ}C$ under light was 0.125% of the cell mass. However, without light treatment, the capsaicin content in cells at the same shaking speed and temperature increased up to 169%, indicating no light is favored in the capsaicin synthesis by Jalapeno pepper. Increasing the shaking speed from 110 to 200 rpm without light enhanced the capsaicin synthesis. Results of this study demonstrate that light condition is the limiting factor in the synthesis of capsaicin in tissue-cultured Jalapeno pepper cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1993

Forty day old piglets were intranasally inoculated with 2ml of Aujeszky's disease virus (NYJ-1-87 strain, $10^{7.0}$ $TCID_{50/0.2}ml$), and the viral antigens were detected in nasal and circulating white blood cells for 20 days after inoculation by immunocytochemical method. Antibody titers in the blood were also detected by neutralizing test and Aujeszky's disease serodiagnostic kit(Choong Ang) in this periods. 1. Viral antigens were detected by the immunocytochemical technigue, and positive reactions were observated in nasal cells from the 2nd to the l0th days after inoculation and circulated white blood cells from the 4th to the 12th days after inoculation. 2. In neutralization test antibodies levels showed titers of 2 on the 8th day, 8 on the l5th day, 16 on the 18th day and 32 on the 20th day after inoculation. In serodiagnostic kit test positive reactions were observed after the 15th day after inoculation.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity on PC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The moisture content of freeze dried hot water extract was 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of carbohydrate (51.24%) followed by crude protein (24.04%), crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09), and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inorganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluated under microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of induvidual cell. The extract exhibited strong effect of neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2003

The analytical method of antispasmodic agent tiropramide {$(\pm)\alpha$-(benzoylamino)-4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-N,N-dipropylbenzenepropanamide hydrochloride} was developed by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) in human plasma. Two kinds of tiropramide tablets were orally administered to volunteers by Latin square crossover design, and blood was withdrawn as designed schedule. The plasma of 1 mL was loaded on Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge and eluted with methanol after washing with 30% methanol. The residue dissolved in 100 $\mu$L of methanol after evaporation was analyzed by GC/NPD. Precision (CV%) of intra-day was located within 2.6% and accuracy was less than 9.7%. Inter-day precision was below 8.7% and accuracy was relatively good as less than 14%. Plasma samples obtained from human volunteers were analyzed for the determination of tiropramide concentration by using this method. The method was sensitive, rapid and suitable enough to be applied for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of tiropramide in human volunteers.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1989

야생형(野生形)인 만가닥버섯 Lyophyllum ulmarium(=Hypsizigus marmoreus) ASI 8007에서 분리한 분열자(分裂子)와 잔나비걸상버섯 영양요구주 Ganoderma applanatum ASI 7-18 (cys met)의 원형질체(原形質體)를 polyethylene glycol로 융합(融合)하여 융합주를 얻었다. 융합주는 GCM(Ganoderma complete modium)에서 양친균총이 혼합된 형태였으나 3회 계대 배양되면서 만가닥버섯 균총으로 변하여 균사에는 클램프연결체와 분열자를 지녔고, 만가닥과 거의 유사한 자실체를 형성하였다. 균사체로 esterase 동위효소(同位酵素)를 분석하였는데 만가닥이 1개 밴드, 잔나비걸상이 2개의 밴드를 가진데 비하여 융합주는 양친의 3개와 새로운 2개의 밴드를 나타내었다. 이들 융합주 상호간에는 균총형태, 생장속도, esterase 동위효소, 자실체 특성에 있어서 거의 차이가 없어 아주 안정되게 양친의 유전물질을 보유하였다.