• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of muscarinic cholinergic receptors of posterior hypothalamus in the central blood pressure regulation when respiration is controlled. In anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats, vasodepressor response was evoked by injection of L-glutamate(10 nmol) neuroexcitatory amino acid into the posterior hypothalamic area. The injection of $carbachol(0.5{\sim}8\;nmol)$ into the same area induced dose-dependent vasodepressor and bradycardic responses. Pretreatment with atropine(4 nmol) completely blocked the vasodepressor response to carbachol(2 nmol). In contrast, in spontaneously breathing rats, the injection of carbachol(8 nmol) into the posterior hypothalamic area induced the vasopressor and tachycardic responses. These results suggest that the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the posterior hypothalamic area primarily play an inhibitory role in the central regulation of blood pressure and heart rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1478-1485
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• 2000

An experimental study has been performed to investigated the forced convection heat transfer characteristics of 6 circular cylinders in staggered arrangement in a cross flow of air. The water scale deposited on condenser wall of power plant was used to investigate the effect of roughness of scaled surfaces. The relative roughness*average diameter of scale/cylinder diameter) was in a range of k/d=0.0066, 0.0111, 0.0167, 0.0222 and 0.0278. The cylinder spacings(L/d) varies from 1.5 to 4.0 where L denote the cylinder spacings along and normal to the upstream uniform flow direction. The Reynolds number was varied in a range of 10, 000$\leq$ Re $\leq$ 50,000. The local and mean Nusselt numbers were investigated as a function of scale roughness, the cylinder spacing and Reynolds number. The results are compared with those of clean cylinder and inline tube bank, subsequently the mean fouling resistance over the entire circumference was estimated from those results as a function of scale roughness, the cylinder spacing and Reynolds number.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

PURPOSE: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect and examine the feasibility of an intervention of ankle strategy exercise on balance of patients with hemiplegia. METHODS: The subject were randomly allocated to three groups: ankle strategy exercise (group A), balance exercise (group B) and control (group C). Group A was received the conventional physical therapy plus ankle strategy exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Group B was received the same conventional physical therapy plus balance exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Two active groups were performed in the session 3 times a week, for a total of 6 weeks. and Group C was only received the same conventional physical therapy. Balance test was assessed using center of pressure (COP) in the anteroposterior (A-P), mediolateral (M-L) direction, Berg balance scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). RESULTS: All groups showed improvements in balance parameters. In especial, the Group A was statistically significant differences in almost part evaluation items and showed more improvements in BBS and TUG parameters than Group B and Group C. and moving distance of M-L COP was more improvements than Group B. CONCLUSION: Ankle strategy exercises had more influence on balance than balance exercises and neurodevelopmental treatment.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.407-410
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• 2004

우리나라 연근해 해역에서 발생하는 적조 현상은 매년 특정 시기에 끊임없이 나타나고, 그 피해액은 해를 거듭해갈 수록 증가하고 있다. 이러한 적조 발생을 조기에 탐지할 수 있는 것만으로도 그 피해는 상당히 줄어들 것이라고 여겨진다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라 연근해 해역에서 발생하는 적조의 우점종 플랑크톤인 Cochlodinium polykrikoides를 탐지하기 위한 방법으로 C. polykrikoides 의 개체수 변화에 따른 후방산란신호를 획득하여 그 상관관계에 관한 실험을 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 주파수는 5MHz, 10MHz 이고, 적조 주의보와 적조 경보에 해당하는 개체수인 300cell/mL, 1000cell/mL 을 중심으로 개체수를 변화하였다. 필터링 후의 해수와 Cochlodinium 이 있는 해수의 체적산란 패턴 변화뿐만 아니라 Cochlodinium 의 개체수 변화에 따른 산란 패턴의 변화를 볼 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1383-1387
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• 2009

We report a case of an 18-month-old girl with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib). Her neutrophil counts had gradually decreased to less than $500/{\mu}L$ by the age of 3 years. However, there were no recurrent bacterial infections. Mutation analysis of the glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT) gene revealed a compound heterozygous missense mutation (Ala148Val/Gly273Asp).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of injection application of pig slurry on ammonia ($NH_3$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission from timothy (Phleum pretense L.) sward. The three treatments were applied: 1) only water as a control, 2) pig slurry application by broadcasting, 3) pig slurry application by injection. The pig slurry was applied at a rate of $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. Total $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ emission, expressed as a cumulative amount throughout the measurement time (40 days), was $2.68kg\;NH_3-N\;ha^{-1}$ and $6.58g\;N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, in the control. The injection application of pig slurry decreased total $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ emission by 39.8% and 33.3%, respectively, compared to broadcasting application of pig slurry. The present study clearly showed that injection application exhibited positive roles in reducing N losses through $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ emission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

This paper provides a comparison between finite element analysis results and test data of rupture disc. Rupture disc is safety device of high pressure equipment. Rupture disc of solid rocket motor is a device to control rupture pressure. Rupture discs were made of AISI 316L. By the elastic-plastic analysis, the stress limit of rupture discs were compared to the test results. The results can be used to control the rupture pressure by the change of the disc size.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

A growth inhibition assay using Chlorella sp. AG 10002 based on the OECD 201 standard test procedure was applied to the toxicity testing of endosulfan and its reported metabolites. Comparison of dry cell weight, optical density (OD) at 680 nm, and chlorophyll a concentration indicated that optical density at 680 nm of culture broth is convenient, rapid, and accurate method for cell growth. In this microalgae system, the $IC_{50}$ values of endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan lactone, and endosulfan ether were determined as 9.45, 18.8, 18.2 and 37.5 mg/L, respectively. In a while, endosulfan diol did not show a significant toxicity up to 50 mg/L. Since endosulfan is liable at acidic or alkaline conditions, treatment of endosulfan in pH 3, 4, and 11 for 3 days resulted in reduced toxicity, as expected. These results suggested that the microalgae system is useful to evaluate various toxic chemicals and provide a new notion for bioremediation of endosulfan in aqueous systems.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.356-361
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• 2004

When SiHa cells were incubated for varying periods of time with extracts of PFF and PFM, the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of PFF was higher than those of the other extracts. These results indicated that the extracts from fruiting bodies of p. ferulae contain antitumor Substances. When A549, SiHa and HeLa cells were incubated with different concentrations of PFF and PFM extracts, the ethanol extracts of PFF showed strong cytotoxicity against A549 tells at concentrations over $10{\mu}g/mL$ and against SiHa and HeLa cells at concentrations over $40{\mu}g/mL$. However, the differences in the cytotoxic effects of the hot water and ethanol extracts of PFM and the hot water extracts of PFF on all 3 cancer cells were not significant. Also, the PFF ethanol extracts induced synergistic effects on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, which were strongly resistant to TRAIL. These results indicated that ethanol extracts of PFF were the most prominent antitumor agents toward lung cancer cells (A549).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to obtain the basic information on heterosis and heterobeltiosis of quantitative characters in the eggplant by crossing of varieties. The heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated in Fl generation. The results were as follows, based on the graphical analysis, the characters, plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit number per plant(yield) were assumed to inherit dominance, and fruit length and fruit diameter were found to inherit incomplete dominance. The degree of positive heterosis of plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, fruit weight, and stem diameter showed negative heterobeltiosis.