• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.765-769
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• 2006

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.357-367
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• 2006

Unsteady 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver is used to simulate the turbulent flow past an isolated prismatic cylinder at Re=37,400. The aspect ratio of height to base width of the body is 5. The turbulence closure is achieved through a non-linear $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The applicability of this model to predict unsteady forces associated with this flow is examined. The study shows that the present URANS solver with standard wall functions predicts all the major unsteady phenomena showing closer agreement with experiment. This investigation concludes that URANS simulations with the non-linear $k-{\varepsilon}$ model as a turbulence closure provides a promising alternative to LES with view to study flows having complex features.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1316-1323
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• 2003

This paper presents a structural analysis on the rigid and deformed motion of the leaflet induced by the blood flow required in the design of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV) prosthesis. In the study on the design and the mechanical characteristics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve, the fluid mechanics analysis on the blood flow passing through leaflets, the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet induced by the pulsatile blood flow, and the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet are required sequentially and simultaneously. Fluid forces computed in the previous hemodynamics analysis on the blood flow are used in the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet. Thereafter, the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet follows to predict the structural strength variation of the leaflet as the leaflet thickness changes. Analysis results show that structural deformations and stresses increase as the fluid pressure increases and the leaflet thickness decreases. Analysis results also show that the leaflet becomes structurally weaker and weaker as the leaflet thickness becomes smaller than 0.6 mm.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

This paper discusses about the thickness effects on the structural durability of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV). In the study on the design and the mechanical characteristics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve, the fluid mechanics analysis on the blood flow passing through leaflets, the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet induced by the pulsatile blood flow, and the structural mechanics analysis for the deformed leaflet are required sequentially and simultaneously. Fluid forces computed in the fluid mechanics analysis on the blood flow are used in the kinetodynamics analysis for the leaflet motion. Thereafter, the structural mechanics analysis for the deformed leaflet follows to predict the structural strength variation of the leaflet as the leaflet thickness changes. Analysis results show that structural deformations and stresses increase as the fluid pressure increases and the leaflet thickness decreases. Analysis results also show that the leaflet becomes structurally weaker and weaker as the leaflet becomes thinner and thinner.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

The evolution process of an initially homogeneous bone structure under axial and transverse loads is investigated in this paper. The external loads include axial and external lateral pressure, electric, magnetic and thermal loads. The theoretical predictions of evolution processes are made based on the adaptive elasticity formulation and coupled thermo-magneto-electro-elastic theory. The adaptive elastic body, which is a model for living bone diaphysis, is assumed to be homogeneous in its anisotropic properties and its density. The principal result of this paper is determination of the evolution process of the initially homogeneous body to a transversely inhomogeneous body under the influence of the inhomogeneous stress state.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

In this paper, a modified rigid body spring model (RBSM) is proposed and used to analyze the damage and failure process of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In the proposed model, the concrete is represented by an assembly of rigid blocks connected with a uniform distribution of normal and tangential springs to simulate the macroscopic mechanical behavior of concrete. Steel bars are evenly dispersed into rigid blocks as a kind of homogeneous axial material, and an additional uniform distribution of axial and dowel springs is defined to consider the axial stiffness and dowel action of steel bars. Perfect bond between the concrete and steel bars is assumed, and tension stiffening effect of steel bars is modeled by adjusting the constitutive relationship for the tensile reinforcement. Adjacent blocks are allowed to separate at the contact interface, which makes it convenient and easy to simulate the cracking process of concrete. The failure of the springs is determined by the Mohr-Coulomb type criterion with the tension and compression caps. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by elastic analyses of a cantilever beam under different loading conditions and failure analyses of a RC beam under two-point loading.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2000

When a crack is produced in a concrete structure, a micro crack zone of fracture process zone (FPZ) appears at the crack tip. To investigate the behaviour of this the micro crack zone, nonlinear fracture mechanics (NLFM) must be applied. However, when a massive concrete structure such as a concrete gravity dam is considered, the micro crack zone can be neglected and the structure can be assumed to have linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) behaviour. This study is divided into two main topics : (1) Calculating stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip by surface integral method and (2) Investigating the propagation of the initial crack. If the initial crack propagates, the angle of the propagation is calculated by using maximum circumferential tensile strength theory. This study, also, contains the effects of body forces and water pressures on the crack face.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.976-984
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• 2005

This paper presents the analysis results of dynamics in the billiards game within the frame­work of rigid-body mechanics and a numerical simulation program. The friction exists between the ball and the table bed as well as between the ball and the rail. There are three parts in the dynamic behavior of the ball on the table bed; motion of the ball on the table bed, collision between balls, and collision between the ball and the cushion. During the development of the simulation program, the dynamics problems such as rolling motion and three-dimensional frictional impact motion have been analyzed in detail. The theoretical issues are implemented into a viable graphic simulation program and its efficacy is demonstrated through the experi­mental validation of the billiards game. The resulting analysis results are verified quantitatively and qualitatively using high-speed video camera. Through the experimental tests, it was found that the physical parameters such as coefficients of restitution and friction vary according to the motion variables and corresponding empirical formulations were developed. The simulation and experimental results agree well.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

This paper experimentally deals with the excitation by functional electrical stimulus(FES) and the response of electromyo-potential at the muscles of antebrachial joint in a human body. The excitation of FES, which results in the contraction of the muscles and thus the flection of the joint, shows that the flection angle of the joint is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus current. The response of electromyo-potential measured according to the FES shows the linearly-proportional relation between the joint torque and the electromyo-potential. The results can be used for active motion of joint rehabilitation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.469-484
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• 1996

Green's functions are obtained in exact closed-forms for the elastic fields in bi-material elastic solids with slipping interface and differing transversely isotropic properties induced by concentrated point and ring force vectors. For the concentrated point force vector, the Green functions are expressed in terms of elementary harmonic functions. For the concentrated ring force vector, the Green functions are expressed in terms of the complete elliptic integral. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of anisotropic bi-material properties on the transmission of normal contact stress and the discontinuity of lateral displacements at the slipping interface. The closed-form Green's functions are systematically presented in matrix forms which can be easily implemented in numerical schemes such as boundary element methods to solve elastic problems in computational mechanics.