• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.282-290
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• 1995

Subcutaneous fat thickness of 74 young male was measured at six sites(biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiac, abdomen, thigh). The present study compared caliper with ultrasound measurements for the estimation of body fat. Caliper measurements subcutaneous at six sites had higher coefficient variation than did the ultrasound measures. Caliper measurements subcutaneous at six sites had higher ratio (caliper/ultrasound) than did the ultrasound measures. Compared to other body sites, the correlations between caliper and ultrasound measurements were high for the subscapula(r=0.7327), abdomen(r=0.7355) and thigh (r=0.7207) sites. the correlations between caliper and ultrasound measurements were high for the suprailiac(r=0.6616) site by lean group. the correlations between caliper and ultrasound measurements were high for the abdomen(r=0.7636) site by normal group. The correlations between caliper and ultrasound measurements were high for the subscapula (r=0.8959) and abdomen(r=0.8237) sites by obese group. Ultrasound measurement of biceps(r=-0.4459), abdomen9r=-0.4469), thigh(r=-0.4348) had the highest correlation with body density. Caliper measurement of triceps(r=-0.4017), subscapula(r=-0.4454), abdomen(r=-0.4293) had the highest correlation with body density. Ultasound measurements subcutaneous fat at lean group, obese group had higher coefficients of correlation with body density than did the caliper measurement. Caliper measurements subcutaneous fat at normal group had higher coefficients of correlation with body density than did the ultrasound measures. Ultrasound showed to be superior to the caliper technique in measuring subcutaneous fat of obese persons.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1347-1358
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• 2011

This study purposed to analyze differences in body measurement between the 2D direct body measuring method and the 3D body scan measuring method and to perform the appearance evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation of the fit of pants to which body measurements obtained by each measuring method were applied. Body measuring was conducted in 10 women in their 20s-30s using 2D direct body measuring and 3D automatic measuring with Hamamatsu body scanner. Among the 10 women, 3 participated in experimental garment wearing. Experimental pants were made using their 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements, and wearing tests were performed through expert evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation. The results of the experiment were as follows. According to the results of comparative analysis on differences between 2D direct body measurements and 3D scan measurements, 3D automatic measurements were significantly larger in bust circumference, ankle circumference, armscye circumference, shoulder length, scye depth, and arm length. As circumferences measured with the 3D body scanner were somewhat larger than directly measured ones, it is suggested to adjust ease when using existing pattern making methods. We prepared experimental garments by the same pattern making method through applying body measurements obtained with the two measuring methods, and assessed the fit of the garment comparatively through expert evaluation and 3D scan cross-sectional evaluation. According to the results, 2D-pants using 2D direct body measurements was slightly tighter than 3D-pants using 3D measurements in waist circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal circumference. In the results of comparing appearance in terms of the fit of the experimental garment in each subject, significant difference was observed in most of the compared items. This result suggests that 3D automatic body measuring data may show different accuracy according to body shape and therefore it is necessary to examine difference between 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements according to body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2018

In global apparel product development, flat is one of the most important key factor for technical design communication. Proportionally correct flats based on correct scaled human body figures are imperative to be successful in the fashion business. In this study the researchers were to develop body templates for flats for Korean women body types using data from 'Size Korea 2004 (5th)', which is a Korean government apparel sizing project to analyze women's body measurements (age range 7-49). We measured 13 height measurements, 6 width measurements, 8 circumference measurements, 6 length measurements, 3 angle measurements and 5 body measurements. A body figure (i.e., schema) for each group was created by Pattern Design Software (PAD) System 4.1. Muscle was added to the schema created by Adobe Illustrator to ensure a better visualization and convenience for industry uses for flats. Developed body figure template of representative type had the largest difference in height level compared to exiting figures. It had a bigger head, lower crotch level, and longer crotch depth and hip length than existing figures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1241-1252
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• 2005

This study tried to compare and analyze the body measurements of female adults in China by various age groups. As for the study method, direct and anthropometric measurements were used on the 357 female subjects living in Yenbien and Harbin, China, consisting of 122 women in their 20's, 114 women in their 40's, and 121 women in their 60's. The results were as follows: 1. The comparison of major body measurements between Korean Chinese and Korean in land indicated that the former were shorter and plumper than the latter. Those groups in their 60's did not show any significant difference in height related measurements and revealed less differences in body measurements comparing to other age groups. 2 The comparison of Chinese anthropometric measurements among age groups of Korean Chinese indicated that, higher the age, shorter the height measurements, the leg length shorter, the upper-half body length longer, and the chest drooping due to the breast descent. 3. The comparison of indirect measurements among age groups of Koreans Chinese indicated that those in their 60's showed many items of big discrepancies in comparison with those in their 20's or 40's, with wide gap in discrepancies, thus resulting in large differences among individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1075-1094
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• 2013

This study analyzed the lower body type of women aged 20 to 30 to understand their respective characteristics. The research method was restricted to the use of direct measurements data and 3D measurements data of the Sixth Size Korea. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test, discriminant analysis, t-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were performed for the statistical analysis of the data using SPSS Win 20.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. Lower body type based on 3D measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on direct measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, thick and long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on the direct measurement of sitting pose were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long and thin lower body, and short lower body). The age differences in the lower body types could be analyzed by an evaluation of the 3D simulation of the lower body.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare somatotypes from various classification methods, to analyze the interrelation among each somatotype or each high frequency type, and to suggest the basis to interpret body size and shape more accurately. As a sample, the subjects were 97 Korean females between 18 and 24 years old. They were measured both anthropometric and photographic measuring in November, 1999. Their somatotypes were classified by three kinds of classification methods. The first method was based on the lateral view of body, the second involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body, and the third involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the anthropometric measurements of whole body. The upper body was classified into three types, and the lower body was classified into 6 types from the lateral view of body. The bend-forward/q-2 was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the lateral view of body', and the Straight/n-1 was found to be the 'Straight type from the lateral view of body'. From the classification by the analysis of photographic measurements, the anterior body was classified into three types, the lateral was classified into 4 types. The X/${\varepsilon}$ type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body'. From the classification by the analysis of anthropometric measurements, the whole body was classified into three types. The i type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of anthropometric measurements of whole body'. The significant interrelation was certified among some somatotypes or some High-frequency types. We found that both the view of body and the statistical analysis would make the clear definition of each somatotype possible. In order to certify the representativeness of High-frequency type, further analysis would be required of subjects who were in the High-frequency type and their body parts were in the High-frequency range.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 2008

This study was aimed at providing some information about Chinese adult women's body measurements and standard body types to the Korean apparel businesses who have advanced into the Chinese apparel markets, while endeavoring to localize their businesses, and thereby, conducing to development and production of women's apparel well fitting the Chinese consumers in terms of measurements and shapes. To this end, the researchers sampled the Chinese adult women in Beijing and Shanghai aged between 19 and 20 and therewith, surveyed their upper body measurements and changes over time and thereupon, determined their standard body types.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the somatometric characteristics obtained from the factor scores of both upper and lower body by regional differences. The sample group was drawn from boys at the ages 7 to 12 living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Data from each boy comprised 57 anthropometric measurements and 11 photographic measurements. The study reached following conclusions. 1. According to the result of factor analysis, five indicative factor's were obtained from the upper body measurements and four indicative factors were obtained from the lower body measurements. 2. According to the comparision of factor scores on measurements of the upper body between Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do, there were differences in all five factors. Boys in Pusan had higher stature, bigger frame, more protruded chest and shoulder blades, more sloping curve along with the backbone, more protruded belly, narrower and sloping shoulders than boys in Kyungsangnam-do. 4. According to the comparision of factor scores on measurements of the lower body between Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do, there were differences in factor 1 and factor 4. Boys in Pusan had bigger frame and flatter hip than boys in Kyungsangnam-do.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weight and 10 different body measurements on the basis of the data from Korean cows at Korean Cattle Improvement Areas from 1979 to 1995. Results obtained are as follows. 1. Heritabilities of body weights at birth, weaning, 12 months and 27 months of age estimated were 0.208${\pm}$0.038, 0.457${\pm}$0.073, 0.476${\pm}$0.082 and 0.227${\pm}$0.040, respectively. Heritabilities of body measurements at 12 and 27 months of age estimated were 0.326 and 0.242 for withers height, 0.486 and 0.110 for body length and 0.462 and 0.170 for chest girth2. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weight and ten body measurements at 12 months of age were positive ranging from 0.223 to 0.999. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weight and ten body measurements at 27 months of age were positive ranging from 0.290 to 0.883.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.58-71
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the increments of body measurements of the teenage boys between the ages of 13 and 18 and provide a fundamental data for apparel manufacturers in order for them to make clothing that reflect the appropriate body characteristics of the teenage boys. The total of 1587 male subjects between the ages of 13 and 18, from the 5th Anthropometric survey of Korea (Size Korea) data, were used for this study. The changes in the body dimensions were analyzed with anthropometric measurements and anthropometric index mesurements. First, anthropometric measurement results show that most of the height related measurements increased in accordance with age, and that the boys between the ages of 13 and 15 experience dramatic growth. Standard deviation is the largest between the age of thirteen and fourteen which indicates that in these ages there is a wide difference in a growth rate Second, anthropometric index measurement results show that in accordance with age, bust, waist and hip depth/width rate decreased; however, waist and hip depth/width rate increased at the age of 18. In accordance with age, upper body length rate increased, whereas lower body length rate decreased. Bust circumference, armhole length, and upperarm circumference rate increased gradually, whereas waist circumference decreased.