• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

Purpose: Mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) is considered an alternative screening method for obesity. The aims of this investigation were to examine the ability of MUAC to correctly identify children with elevated body mass index (BMI) and to determine the best MUAC cutoff point for identification of children with high BMI. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and MUAC) from a cross-sectional sample of 7,921 Pakistani children aged 5-14 years were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficients between MUAC and other anthropometric measurements were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal MUAC cutoff point for identifying children with high BMI. Results: Among 7,921 children, the mean (${\pm}$standard deviation) age, BMI, and MUAC were 10.00 (${\pm}2.86years$), 16.16 (${\pm}2.66kg/m^2$), and 17.73 (${\pm}2.59cm$), respectively. The MUAC had a strong positive correlation with BMI. The optimal MUAC cutoff points indicating elevated BMI in boys ranged from 16.76 to 22.73, while the corresponding values in girls ranged from 16.38 to 20.57. Conclusion: MUAC may be used as a simple indicator of overweight/obesity in children, with reasonable accuracy in clinical settings.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program. Methods: Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Adolescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed. Results: Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

This study examined differences in body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, sociocultural attitude toward appearance, and diet awareness between genders as well as the effect of BMI, self-esteem, and sociocultural attitude toward appearance on diet awareness. This study surveyed adults between the ages of 20 and 29 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November $17^{th}$ to December $14^{th}$ 2014. Data collected from 258 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, regression analysis, and ${\chi}^2$ test. The study results showed that the respondents could be divided into three groups (underweight group, standard weight group, and overweight group) by BMI and a large percentage of respondents were in the standard weight group. The percentage of standard weight females was higher than standard weight males. There were significant differences in BMI, sociocultural attitude toward appearance (such as self-awareness), and diet awareness between genders; however, there was no difference in self-esteem. Men also had a higher BMI than women; however, women were more self-aware of sociocultural standards for appearance, desired a slim body and wanted educational information on diet. BMI and sociocultural attitude toward appearance had positive effects on diet awareness. Self-awareness was a strong predictor of diet awareness and self-esteem had no significant effect on diet awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This research investigated clinical hazardous components and analyzed the proportion of sarcopenia among young Korean women. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1,236 women aged 20 to 29 years, categorized into two groups according to their skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Of these, 20 participants were placed in the sarcopenia group, while 1,216 were included in the normal group. The analysis involved hazardous components including body dimensions, clinical indicators, and behavioral trait variables: height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood laboratory tests assessing fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, as well as smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Complex sampling analysis was used to analyze the proportion and hazardous components of sarcopenia. RESULTS: The proportion of sarcopenia was at 1.76% (95% of CI: 1.08-2.83). Anthropometric measurements, such as height, BMI, and WC, exhibited significant differences between the groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in weight (p > .05) between the two groups. Among the clinical indicators, SBP, DBP, FBG, serum triglycerides, and total TC found to be significant hazardous components for sarcopenia within both groups (p < .05). Smoking status as a behavioral trait was significant as well (p < .05), unlike alcohol consumption (p > .05). CONCLUSION: This study discerned both the proportion of sarcopenia and the hazardous components associated with it among community-dwelling women of a young age.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2002

This study is to investigate consequent nutrient intake status, influence of body mass index(BMI), and fat distribution on the silk amino peptide(SAP) and dietary fiber supplementation. During 2 months of this research (January to March, 2002), 45 women aged 20yr – 30yr (average age 24.6yr) were selected as subjects. Nutrient intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hr recall method. Antropometric assessments of the subjects were investigated by SBIA method(Segmental bioimpedance assay, In body 3.0). The results are as follows: mean body weight 57.7kg, mean body height 161.9cm mean BMI 22.0, and mean food habit score was 8.47. Defecation frequency was increased by dietary fiber supplementation. Frequency of pain during defecation was significantly decreased by dietary fiber supplementation (p<0.01). Feeling of residual feces was significantly improved by dietary fiber supplementation(p<0.001). Status of energy and carbohydrate intakes significantly decreased after dietary fiber supplementation(P<0.05). Body fat and WHR(waist hip ratio) significantly decreased after dietary fiber supplementation(P<0.001), and percent body fat was decreased by dietary fiber supplementation, significantly(P<0.05). Above results of this study show that dietary fiber-added routine diet improves defecation condition, and lessens body fat, percent body fat without losing body muscle. Especially, declination of abdominal fat and WHR were notable. That meant decreased risk factor.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of an exercise program on body composition and physical fitness of obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from September 29, 2003 to December, 29, 2003. The research design was arandomized control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects were college nursing students at K University. Forty four students, 20 in the experimental group and 24 ina control group, with more than $30\%$ body fat were randomly assigned. The subjects in the experimental group participated in an exercise program for 12 weeks, sixty minutes per session, five times per week. Body composition and physical fitness was measured by a body composition analyzer, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength(grip strength, back strength), flexibility, balance, agility(whole body reaction time) and power(standing long jump). Result: Body weight(F=4.76, p=0.035), body fat(kg)(F=5.68, p=0.022) and body mass index(F=5.73, p=0.021) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in body fat($\%$), lean body mass, muscle mass and WHR. Back strength(F=6.50, p=0.015), flexibility(F=14.62, p=0.000), muscle endurance(F=7.98, p=0.007), power(F=5.76, p=0.02l) and balance(F=2.46, p=0.018) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, grip strength or agility. Conclusiton: The exercise program was effective in improving body weight, body fat(kg), body mass index, back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and power of obese female college students.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin, Using Regular Medical Inspection. Methods : Subjects of our study were 325 cases who took regular medical inspection. We collected the data of body composition analysis, 7-zone-diagnostic system, blood analysis, and analyzed by Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin. Results and Conclusions : 1. In body composition analysis, Taeumin was significantly higher than Soeumin and Soyangin about soft lean mass, body fat mass, waist-hip ratio, body water index, body mass index and basal metabolic rate. In blood analysis, Taeumin was significantly highest about total protein, albumin, GPT, hemoglobin, WBC, triglyceride. In 7-zone-diagnostic system, Taeumin had the highest level at Zone 1, 2. 2. Taeumin had more significant differences than other Sasang constitutions about the parameters of regular medical inspection. 3. Body composition analysis had the most parameters that showed differences among the constitutions, followed by blood analysis and 7-zone-diagnostic system.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.40.1-40.10
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• 2023

Background: Efforts for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in workers have been actively pursued. Obesity is one of the important risk factors related to CVDs. Obesity has various metabolic characteristics, and some individuals can be metabolically healthy. Body composition including skeletal muscle mass is known to have protective effect in obesity. The study aims to investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CVD risk among obese male manufacturing workers in Korea and to identify appropriate indicators of skeletal muscle mass for predicting risk of CVDs. Methods: The study was conducted on 2,007 obese male workers at a manufacturing industry aged more than 19 years. Skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle mass percent (SMM%) and skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR) were used to evaluate body composition and these indicators were divided into quartiles. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the KOSHA CVD risk groups according to quartiles of skeletal muscle mass indicators were estimated using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: The OR for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartile of SMI was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42-1.92), while the ORs for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartiles of SMM%, SMM/body mass index (BMI), and MFR were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22-0.72), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.05-0.76), and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23-0.74), respectively. Conclusions: We found that high SMI increase the likelihood of high risk of CVDs, while high SMM%, SMM/BMI, and MFR lower the likelihood of high risk of CVDs. Accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle mass can help assess the cardiovascular risk in obese male workers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2006

To study the correlation with increasing body fat mass for the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life, a nationwide, cross-sectional survey was performed with 178 male college students in december 2005. Among the student subjects, 76 were analyzed for body protein mass, body mineral mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio(WHR), body mass index(BMI) and obesity degree using Inbody 3.0(Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Body protein mass was at a high level of 92.1%, body mineral mass was at a low level of 94.7%. Body fat mass was at a high level of 28.9%, percent body fat was at a high level of 37.3%, WHR was at a high level of 31.6%, and obesity degree was at a high level of 38.2%, BMI was at a high level of 24.3% and BMR was observed at a high level of 41.8%. WHR was correlated with '7. Prepare food proper amount sanitarily.' and obesity degree, while BMl was were correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' positively. BMR was correlated with '6. Enjoy 3 meal a day regularly.' ArmCircle was correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' and fitness score was corrected with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount', and '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' positively. Body protein mass and body mineral mass were negatively correlated with fruit, ArmCircle was positively correlated with fish, obesity degree was positively correlated with soup and BMI and ArmCircle were positively correlated with sweet. '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' was negatively significantly correlated with overweight, over percentage body fat, obesity degree > 120 and BMI. Male students were not practicing the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life well with an average score of 37.7%. However, male students who are within the normal range of body composition analysis value have to notice that over range of weight, protein, percentage body fat, WHI and obesity degree was observed above average score of 30%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2000