• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2013

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to estimate the phosphorus (P) requirement for maintenance and growth of crossbred lambs of Dorper with a Chinese indigenous sheep breed, thin-tailed Han sheep. Thirty-five Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred, noncastrated ram lambs ($20.3{\pm}0.22kg$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)) were used. Seven lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 20 kg SBW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 28 kg SBW. The remaining 21 sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 sheep each and subject to the same diet of either 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake. The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum reached 35 kg of SBW. Body P contents were determined after slaughter. The results showed that the net P requirement for maintenance was 30.0 mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) or 23.4 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the P requirement for growth decreased from 5.3 to 5.0 g/kg of EBW gain as the lamb grew from 20 to 35 kg. The net P requirement for growth of Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs was lower than that of sheep adopted by the American nutritional system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

Effects of endosulfan (EN), an insecticide, and bleomycin (BL), an antibiotic, on the body weight in the normal mice, and the in vivo cell growth, tumor weight, and hematological parameters of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-bearing Swiss albino mice Mus musculus were evaluated. EN and BL were respectively administered orally and intraperitoneally to the experimental mice; the control group consisted of EAC cell-bearing untreated mice only. EN reduced the body weight in normal mice, whereas BL resulted in a steady body weight compared to the control. EN increased the EAC cell count significantly by reducing the growth of normal viable cells. In contrast, BL reduced the cell count by increasing the proportion of viable cells in the body. The tumor weights induced by EN were significantly higher than those of the EAC control and the BL-treated animals. In comparisons with the control and the BL mice, hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (%) and the number of RBC and lymphocytes were lowered, while counts of WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes were elevated after EN treatments. These results show that BL is capable of reducing the EN-induced neoplastic and haematological alterations in the mice under laboratory conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

Objective: Polymorphisms occurring in the precursor region of microRNAs (miRNAs) affect the target gene and alter the biogenesis of miRNAs, resulting in phenotypic variation. The purpose of the study was to investigate the genetic effects of rs16681031 (C>G) mutation in the precursor region of gga-miR-1658 on the economic traits of the Gushi-Anka chicken F2 resource population. Methods: To explore the effect of miR-1658 polymorphisms on chicken economic traits, the SNP was genotyped by MassArray matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The association between the SNP and chicken body size, growth and carcass traits was determined by linear mixed models. Results: The SNP was not only significantly associated with body weight at the age of 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks, respectively, but also with the breadth of the chicken chest, body slanting length and pelvic breadth at 4 weeks, chest depth at 8 weeks of age, and body slanting length at 12 weeks (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Our data serve as a useful resource for further analysis of miRNA function, and represent a molecular genetic basis for poultry breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.563-566
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• 1996

Five crossbred heifers(Holstein Friesian $\times$ Hariana) aged about one year and average body weight 157.0 kg were used to observe the effect of UMLD with restricted amount of wheat straw (500 g/100 kg body weight) on body weight gain and nutrient utilization. After seven months feeding the animals were switched to a revival diet consisted of wheat straw and concentrate mixture, for an additional six months. Fortnightly body weights were recorded and metabolism trials were conducted at the end of the two experimental periods. Results indicated that the average daily gain were 57.0 and 413.3 g in two feeding systems. This showed a sub-optimum growth during UMLD feeding which was compensated when good quality revival diet was available. Though, the nutrients intake were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in UMLD feeding period as compared to revival diet feeding, but digestibility of all the nutrients were alike statistically. It can be concluded that UMLD with restricted amount of wheat straw can be fed as scarcity feed for a short period, without causing irreparable loss to the animals, provided sufficient feed nutrients are available after the scarcity period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

A total of twenty-four multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in this 21-day experimental trial. Based on their body weight, sows were randomly allocated into one of three treatments with eight replicates. The dietary betaine supplementation contained three levels: (i) CON (Basal diet + 0% Bet), (ii) Bet 0.05% (CON + 0.05% Betaine), and (iii) Bet 0.15% (CON + 0.15% Betaine). The supplementation of betaine had no effect (p > 0.05) on body weight and feed intake of lactating sow. Moreover, no significant response was observed on backfat thickness, body condition score, and weaning of the estrus interval with the dietary supplementation of betaine. In addition, the litter weaning weight, litter weight gain, average litter daily gain, and survivability rate at birth showed no significant difference with the dietary betaine supplementation of the sow diet. Fecal scores of the lactating sows and suckling piglets were not affected (p > 0.05) with the dietary betaine supplementation compared with the control diet during the experimental periods. The findings of this study showed that betaine supplementation does not boost growth performance, feed intake, body conditions, and fecal score in lactating sows and suckling piglets fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.313-321
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• 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Curcuma aromatica or inositol monophosphate supplementation on body weight of sows at different stages, feed intake, backfat thickness of sows at different stages, body weight of piglets at different stages, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in sow blood and milk. Eighteen crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) sows (249.9 ± 3.2 kg) and their litters were used in a 28-day feeding trial to observe the effects of Curcuma aromatica or inositol monophosphate as dietary supplements on performance and IgG concentration of blood and milk in lactating sows and piglets. The dietary treatments comprised a control corn-soybean-based basal diet (CON); control diet + Curcuma aromatica at 0.5% (CA), and control diet + inositol monophosphate at 0.10% (IMP). Sow body weight at different stages, average daily feed intake, and sow backfat thickness at different stages were not affected in all three treatment groups. The body weight of piglets at weaning and average daily gain of piglets born to sows from the IMP group showed significant improvement compared to piglets of sows from the CA treatment group. Treatment had no effect on the IgG levels in blood and milk. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% CA or 0.10% IMP in sows has no effect on growth performance and IgG in sows and piglets compared with the control diet.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.528-535
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• 1997

$LiTaO_3$ single crystals of congruently melting composition were grown by the halogen lamp type floating zone system. Calcination and sintering parameters for the growth were established. Optimum crystal growth conditions were investigated by a controlling of growth rates, rotation speeds and atmospheres. Based on the melting aspect and the shape of molten zone, stable conditions could not be found in air or Na atmosphere. However the growth stability in Ar atmosphere was more regular than that in air or $N_2$. The grown crystals were characterized using Laue back reflection, Curie temperature, refractive index and transmittance. Curie temperature fluctuation in the section of the grown crystal part of top, body and tail was $1^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.451-461
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• 1993

Four hundred and eighty broiler chicks of both sexes were obtained from commercial hatchery (Hubbard) and raised on floor pens. All chicks were allowed free access to food from 0 to 7 and 20 to 56 days of age. At 7 days of age, all broilers were weighed individually, and divided into five groups as follows: 1. feed ad libitum as the control; 2. allowed free access to food 3 days and starved 1 day ($3{\times}1$); 3. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 1 day ($2{\times}1$); 4. allowed free access to food 1 day and starved 1 days ($1{\times}1$) and; 5. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 2 days ($2{\times}2$). Broilers were restricted for 12 days (d 7 through 17) of a 56-day trial. Broilers were fed a commercial starter diet (crude protein 23.8% and ME 3,070 kcal/kg) for 21 days, and commercial finisher diet (crude protein 20% and ME 3,160 kcal/kg) from 22 to 56 days of age. Although there was compensatory growth in some groups, (the $1{\times}1$ female group, and the $3{\times}1$ and $2{\times}1$ male grous), its level was not sufficient to achieve normal body weight at market age. There was sexual dimorphism for accelerated growth as well as differences in the ability to achieve a complete compensation of growth to the weight, feed conversion ratio, and body composition of ad libitum chicks. Early feed restriction could be used to reduce production cost because of the lower fed conversion ratio, mortality rate and the amount of starter diet consumed by broilers. The response of chicks to early feed restriction might depend on the degree of feed restriction, the method of feed restriction, duration of feed restriction, and sexes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2014

A 12 week growth study was carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition changes of fingerling sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus (averaging weight, 5.5 g). Following a 24-h fasting, 540 fish were randomly distributed to each of 18 tanks (30 fish/tank) under a semi-recirculation freshwater system. The GP of 0.5% (GP0.5), 1% (GP1), 1.5% (GP1.5), 2% (GP2) and 3% (GP3) was added to the control diet (GP0) containing 43% protein and 16% lipid. After the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) of fish fed GP1.5, GP2 and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish fed GP0, GP0.5 and GP1. Feed efficiency and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend to WG. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish groups fed the other diets. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in whole body composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and fiber) of fish at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PRE and LRE) were also found in GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 groups. Broken-line regression model analysis and second order polynomial regression model analysis relation on the basis of SGR and WG indicated that the dietary optimal GP level could be greater than 1.77% and 1.79%, but less than 2.95% and 3.18% in fingerling sterlet sturgeon. The present study suggested that dietary GP for fingerling sterlet sturgeon could positively affect growth performance and protein retention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of Gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cows. The Hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 Hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between 2000 and 2007. A total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. Wither height (HW), rump height (HR), the horizontal distance between the top of the hips (WH), and girth of chest (GC) were also measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate variables affecting LMA and BFT. The effect of farm nested in location was included in the statistical model, as well as the effects of HW, HR, WH, and GC as covariates. All of the effects were significant in the analysis of variance for LMA and BFT (p<0.01), except for the HR effect for LMA. The two ultrasound measures and the four body conformation traits were fitted to a Gompertz growth curve function to estimate parameters. Upper asymptotic weights were estimated as $54.0cm^2$, 7.67 mm, 125.6 cm, 126.4 cm, 29.3 cm, and 184.1 cm, for LMA, BFT, HW, HR, WH, and GC, respectively. Results of ultrasound measurements showed that Hanwoo cows had smaller LMA and greater BFT than other western cattle breeds, suggesting that care must be taken to select for thick BFT rather than an increase of only beef yield. More ultrasound records per cow are needed to get accurate estimates of growth curve, which, thus, helps producers select animals with high accuracy.