• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 1990

This descriptive study was done to identify factors influencing sexual satisfaction in women who had had a hysterectomy and to compare these with women who had not had a hysterectomy. The purpose was to contribute theoretical understanding on which to base nursing care planning. One group of subjects were 156 women who had had a hysterectomy, between one and 18 months post surgery, living with their spouse, having no complications, and menstruating before surgery. The other group of subjects were 282 healthy women who were living with their husbands and menstruating. The study tool consisted of 108 items including item concerning personal characteristics, characteristics related to the hysterectomy, husband's support, body image, emotions, attitude toward the sexual relationship, knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was measured by a tool based on Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. The range of the internal level of the study tool was from. 5208 to .9462. Data collection was done during the period from June 20 to Aug.20, 1989. The same questionnaire was used of data collection for both groups, but a mail survey method was used for the women who had had a hysterectomy, and an interview method was used for the women who had not had a hysterectomy. Data analysis was done using frequency, ratio, mean and S.D. for the characterstics of the subjects and level of sexual satisfaction. t - test or ANOVA was used for the differences between the groups with regard to the general and hysterectomy related characteristics. The relationship between the score for sex life related factors and the level of sexual satisfaction was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation, and the influencing factors on sexual satisfaction were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Mean age and income level were the only general characteristics for the two groups that were significantly different. The mean age, and income level of the group who had had a hysterectomy were 45years, and 1,150,000 won respectively, and for those who had not had a hysterectomy, 41 years and 999,000 won. 2. There was no statistical difference of the sexual satisfaction score between the two groups. 3. There was differences in the factors influencing sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Factors influencing sexual satisfaction for the group who had had a hysterectomy were husband's support (R＝.5793, P＝.000) and the women's Knowledge of sexuality(R＝.6670, P＝.000) (total variance : 33.56). On the other hand, emotional status(R＝.4294, P＝.000), sexual behavior(R＝.4294, P＝.000), husband's support(R＝.5274, P＝.000) and attitude towards sexual relations (R＝.5412, P＝.000) (total variance : 54.12) were the factors influencing sexual satisfaction in the group who had not had a hysterectomy. Since husband's support and sexuality knowledge were identified as factors influencing sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy, it can be concluded that, before a woman who has had a hysterectomy is discharged from hospital, nurses should include strategies in the nursing care plan that will promote husband's support and the women's knowledge of sexuality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.175-187
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism on how the aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot" of Korean dance is realized with the analysis of aesthetic meaning and value found in the aesthetic experience of Korean dance, and also the aesthetic concept and consciousness of Korean Studies. First, "the aesthetic consciousness of endless life theory" is from the curved motion, which is one of the basic principle of Korean dance, and is to be sublimated to the aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot". The life theory of the Korean dance is to be cleary realized by the curved movement aiming the Circle, which is the important principle of movement for feeling aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot". But, the Korean dance movement has been affected to follow the Straight motion frequently in recent days rather than the Curved motion due to the influence of the Western style movement. This makes difficult to find aesthetical sense of "Mat" and "Meot". So, it is very crucial to keep and improve the Curved motion in the Korean dance for protecting and developing aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot", the unique feature of the Korean dance. And the continuos effort and plan of Korean dancer is also needed to make the Mind and the Body coexist each other. Furthermore, the research on this aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot" of the Korean dance should be kept going.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

As the nature of triathlons is competition in three successive sports, triathletes experience elevated levels of stress on the body that are absent in single-sport athletic events, and consequently there are more potential medical problems to prepare for. Triathletes can also experience problems such as hypothermia, heat illness, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal injuries and trauma, immunosuppression, and haemolysis. Depending on the potentiality of such above-listed problems occurring in any given race, race organizers will prepare preventative measures and treatments accordingly. Olympic distance is not the only triathlon racing distance. Sprints, which are normally around half the Olympic distance, are common distances, as well as Long (2 km swim, 80 km bike, 20 km run), Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42 km run), and ultra-distance events varying in length. Races of longer duration normally result in a higher percentage of athletes experiencing the above-mentioned medical problems, as well as inducing additional health risks such as hyponatraemia. Minimizing the occurrences of serious health issues is possible through the following means: carefully preparing for the probable race-day weather conditions; proper management and organization of the race; preparing an extensive water-safety and ground-course safety plan; distributing necessary nutrition along the course; and stressing the importance for athletes to have proper knowledge concerning race nutrition, biomechanical technique, physical preparation, and utilization of safe equipment. While risks of competing in triathlon are many, the instances of such medical problems are not excessive, and the triathlon has a reputation of being a reasonably safe sport as long as athletes with high risk take added precautions.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tissue inhomogeneity corrections on the dose delivered to prostate cancer patients treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials: For five prostate cancer patients, IMRT treatment plans were generated using 6 MV or 10 MV X-rays. In each plan, seven equally spaced ports of photon beams were directed to the isocenter, neglecting the tissue heterogeneity in the body. The dose at the isocenter, mean dose, maximum dose, minimum dose and volume that received more than 95% of the isocenter dose in the planning target volume ( $V_{p>95%}$) were measured. The maximum doses to the rectum and the bladder, and the volumes that received more than 50, 75 and 90% of the prescribed dose were measured. Treatment plans were then recomputed using tissue inhomogeneity correction maintaining the intensity profiles and monitor units of each port. The prescription point dose and other dosimetric parameters were remeasured. Results: The inhomogeneity correction reduced the prescription point dose by an average 4.9 and 4.0% with 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The average reductions of the $V_{p>95%}$ were 0.8 and 0.9% with the 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The mean doses in the PTV were reduced by an average of 4.2 and 3.4% with the 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The irradiated volume parameters in the rectum and bladder were less decreased; less than 2.1 % (1.2%) of the reduction in the rectum (bladder). The average reductions in the mean dose were 1.0 and 0.5% in the rectum and bladder, respectively. Conclusions: Neglect of tissue inhomogeneity in the IMRT treatment of prostate cancer gives rise to a notable overestimation of the dose delivered to the target, whereas the impact of tissue inhomogeneity correction to the surrounding critical organs is less significant.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2016

For patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy treatment progresses as vomiting, nausea, weight of the patient because of a loss of appetite it is reduced. The patient's weight and the distance from the skin and the treatment site is expected to be closer, thereby reducing the change in the skin because of this dose. This study tests using a loose see the difference between the volume change appears as the weight of the patient using the same phantom and the phantom body of the patient. To using the same as the position EBT film is attached to the skin of the treatment site and was adjusted to the thickness of the Bolus. And using a computerized treatment planning only tomotherapy equipment was passed under the conditions according to the thickness of the radiation dose. To baseline for accurate reproduction position using the MVCT was applied to treated with verification. By passing a total of three dose reduced the error, it was a measure of the film by using a dedicated scanner, EBT VIDAR scanner. Got an increase in the skin dose is displayed each time the thickness of the bolus reduced, in a bolus was completely removed with the highest value. If the changes appeared dose was greater weight loss patients to chemotherapy and therefore bolus thickness variation considering the weight loss of the patient when applying the tomotherapy of nasopharynx cancer was found that the increase in skin dose be increased. This large patient before treatment due to weight loss over the image verification is considered to be established should consider how to re-create your mask and treatment plan for fixing it.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.283-319
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• 1997

Our society witnesses the rapid progress in the areas of politics, economy, society and culture in the process of national modernization since 1960s, which in turn as a reverse function gets to contract a societic pathology, totally lowering the security level of citizens' lives owing to various violent crimes like hostage commotions and murders with rifles and deadly weapons. what is the main reason for that? That may be partly because the chief police force concentrates on the current situation resulting in the vacuum of the public peace. However, the main reason is that the police fall short of man-power and equipments even if the whole police power were put to use in preventing and quelling the crimes. That is true not only of Korea but also of the advanced countries like the U.S.A., England and Japan. We realize that these advanced countries have higher level of security in every individual's life and property than Korea because their progress of the private guard systems can fill in a vacuum of the shortage of the police power, Therefore, we should without delay internationalize our private guard systems expecting the widely opening of the guard service markets in the age of Uruguay Round. To do this, we need to change our ideas for fostering the policy of the private guard from passive defense ideas into positive aggressive ones. Our police should urgently set up a plan to pursue the orientation of vision that we should dispatch our private guards overseas before foreign guards rush into our markets. Accordingly it goes without saying that the private guard group should distinguish their services from the public services initiating their own theory and strategy of private guard services and also readjust themselves between the public duties and the private services with the study of minimizing the reverse function of the private guard systems. The history criminal justice has always shown that the criminal system progressed at the initiative of the civil factor in case its demand and supply do not make both ends meet. Nevertheless, in the process the power of the government never weakens, rather it is built up in general. In conclusion, the necessity of the build-up of the private guard services must duly be acknowledged by the police as well as by the business which has its unique sphere within the criminal justice instead of as the suplemtary services of the simple the police power on the long-term basis. The purpose of the private guard services can be largely classified into the two categories; first it means the function to prevent the crimes against the citizens and secondly to enhance the national interest as an increasing mammoth business with a worldly competition capacity. The police has an absolute responsibility that they should protect the modem public in general from feeling the crisis of the personal threat, tension, anxiety and nervousness. In short, if we develop the complete private guard system to guarantee the societic atmosphere for all citizens, keep the public peace, and protect all citizens' lives and properties, we will sure enjoy a beautiful land, a wholesome society and a happy life in goodharmony of law and order.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.105-128
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• 2006

The suggestions that follow are about the plan for the cooperation between private security and local government and the enhancement of its service for facing the change of public peace environment. Fist, by a local government collecting funds, the business for revitalization of local economics should be done to enhance local economic independence. Second, the autonomous right of a local government should be reinforced and the center for taking complete charge of local security should be established in the self-governing body. Third, the private security should be connected with the local characteristics, the role of which enlarged as well. For this developing the model of security service for the local area and working together between private security and police should be achieved. Fourth, it is necessary for a local government to entrust the private security with its public security service. For this it should be achieved to set up the range of local security service and inform local residents of the advantage of security service entrusted to private security. Finally, in connection with the new system of local police, it is necessary to have clear grasp of the work related to the private security among local police services and private security business and local police should take partial charge of the public peace service. Through the cooperation between private security and local government, the role of private security will be enlarged and its business revitalized as well.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2011

We manufactured the Vac-lok that can be applied to patient of special body shape and need to special set-up position and evaluated the usefulness in the radiation therapy. The manufacture Vac-lok, It was used EVA resin and biobeadform of a diameter 1.5 mm. carried out the test of functionality, structural and analyzed the relative reproducibility of phantoms and patients. During the total period of radiation therapy, Vacuum pressure bring variety to a very small amount in the test of functionality of the manufacture Vac-lok. But It was a negligible quantity. The manufacture Vac-lok improved the relative reproducibility of phantoms than the existing Vac-lok and tolerance has a confidence less than 4% error. Also, relative reproducibility of patient increased error than phantom in the antero-posterior and lateral plan. However, the maximum set-up error was less than ${\pm}\;2.3$ mm. In conclusion, If tolerance set-up error of radiotherapy is less than ${\pm}\;3$ mm, the manufacture Vac-lok was enough possible to use and improvement of reproducibility, considering supply with the Vac-lok made to measure of special patient that produced at a low price and without delay.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5B
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• pp.475-481
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• 2011

The TMDL standard flow as applying watershed management regime uses the average low flow of past 10 years. Moreover, the TMDL implementation assessment has been enforced through management of pollutant load satisfied objective water quality. Even though the present allocation and management through averaged low flow are still convenient, they are not enough to solve ultimate goals of watershed management to keep up recovery of water body. To maintain the same water quality concentration, the standard flow is required to consider total discharge in management plan which helps to keep healthy ecosystem. In view of this, it would be possible to approach reasonable assessment by reflecting variably changeable discharge from precipitation-streamflow relation and the TMDL standard establishment considering artificial regulated flow. Therefore, this study attempts to develop the TMDL method using Load Duration Curve (LDC) and Streamflow-Load Rating Curve (QLRC) considering total discharge and finds drawbacks with solutions as applying on Nakdong river TMDL unit watershed. Finally, this research evaluates possibility of application on pollutant load allocating and implementation assessment in Korea.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.180-188
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• 2016

Acuros XB advanced dose calculation algorithm (AXB, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) has been released recently and provided the advantages of speed and accuracy for dose calculation. For clinical use, it is important to investigate the dosimetric performance of AXB compared to the calculation algorithm of the previous version, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Ten volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for each of the following cases were included: head and neck (H&N), prostate, spine, and lung. The spine and lung cases were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) technique. For all cases, the dose distributions were calculated using AAA and two dose reporting modes in AXB (dose-to-water, $AXB_w$, and dose-to-medium, $AXB_m$) with same plan parameters. For dosimetric evaluation, the dose-volumetric parameters were calculated for each planning target volume (PTV) and interested normal organs. The differences between AAA and AXB were statistically calculated with paired t-test. As a general trend, $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ showed dose underestimation as compared with AAA, which did not exceed within -3.5% and -4.5%, respectively. The maximum dose of PTV calculated by $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ was tended to be overestimated with the relative dose difference ranged from 1.6% to 4.6% for all cases. The absolute mean values of the relative dose differences were $1.1{\pm}1.2%$ and $2.0{\pm}1.2%$ when comparing between AAA and $AXB_w$, and AAA and $AXB_m$, respectively. For almost dose-volumetric parameters of PTV, the relative dose differences are statistically significant while there are no statistical significance for normal tissues. Both $AXB_w$ and $AXB_m$ was tended to underestimate dose for PTV and normal tissues compared to AAA. For analyzing two dose reporting modes in AXB, the dose distribution calculated by $AXB_w$ was similar to those of AAA when comparing the dose distributions between AAA and $AXB_m$.