• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study explored elderly American women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness with the methods of survey and body measurement. To that end, I first investigated their self-perception of body size and body satisfaction and also the relationships between those, along with the relationships between body measurements and body satisfaction. Then, I analyzed the differences in elderly women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness among different body type groups. For the last, I examined the degree of their body thinness or obesity and ideal body size in order to explore the standard for ideal body shape among elderly women. Elderly American women were satisfied with most of their body parts except waist circumference and weight. Body satisfaction with stature, weight, and hip circumference was correlated to both size perception and body measurement. Body satisfaction with thigh circumference and leg length was correlated to size perception, and also that with waist circumference and neck length to body measurement. Size perception showed differences among body types, but body satisfaction did not show notable differences among body types. There were significant differences between real size and ideal one. Elderly American women thought that clothing was important in their everyday life.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2018

As men in their 30s are spending more money on clothing, it is becoming increasingly important to first conduct an anthropometric study and then develop garment patterns accommodating the changes found in body sizes and types of men in their 30s, in order to effectively address their fit dissatisfaction. Thus this study aims to explore changes in upper body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, which provide basic measurements for designing major garment items including jackets and shirts. To this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions of the upper body of men in their 30s, taken from the 6th (2015) and 7th (2016) surveys conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major upper body sizes to track changes with measuring time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types. By comparing the two surveys, it was found that the overall body sizes of men in their 30s were increasing in height-related items, circumference, thickness, and width, -as well as body weight and BMIs. Upper body height-related items, in particular, showed a higher average value in the 6th survey than in the 7th, indicating that the overall body types of men are becoming "westernized" with longer legs and shorter torso. Finally, five factors were derived to determine the typical upper body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories according to the cluster analysis. First, those with a relatively small build with short stature and torso. Second, those with the highest stature and vertical dimension with the smallest torso volume and least body fatness. Third, those with the biggest torso volume and most body fatness with bigger width between armpits and shoulders. The distributional pattern analysis showed that men in their 30s tend to have increasingly higher stature but lower body weight and BMIs than in the past, implying that their body types are becoming close to those of men in their 20s.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.651-657
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyse body configuration and to observe any space between skin and foundation. A special 3D scanner was used to analyze this foundation. Experimental foundations were brassiere, girdle, and all-in-one. Four subjects volunteered, each subject was scanned while wearing foundation and not wearing foundation. Body shape variations were analyzed with an Auto CAD and ScanWax program which analyzes cross section of the skin surface to look for any changes. Height was increased all parts of body, circumference was increased in breast and bust while wearing the foundation. The hip thickness was not increased with wearing the foundation. Therefore this foundation makes people have a different appearance due to unexpected body shape variations. The effects of this foundation should be classified by observing height, circumference, and thickness changes in the body.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.973-976
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• 1995

The assessment method of human body composion by bioelectrical impedance is very simple, safe, rapid and noninvasive. Based on prediction formulas for total body water from bioelectrical impedance, the observed weight loss should be associated with an increase in impedance. However in edematous patients for dialysis, the calculated total body water loss as calculated from impedance were overestimated and significantly higher than the weight loss after dialysis. So determination of impedance were made in 50 edematous patients before, during and after dialysis. Mean weight loss, which was assumed to be only loss of water was 1719$\pm$ 866 gr and mean impedance change was 71.0 $\pm$ 23.0 Ohm under 50kHz. Body weight loss was highly correlated [r>0.81 with the increase in body impedance under variable frequencies[1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 kHz . But there were no differences between frequences. In conclusion, clinical application of bioelectrical impedance method is useful for individual edematous patients with new correlation equation[Y=230+26.8X, X;Impedance change, Y;Calculated total body water loss .

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

Body weight support treadmill training is a new and promising therapy in gait rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of body weight support treadmill training on gait and standing balance in patients with hemiplegia. Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. A 10 m-timed walk test, measurements of step length and standing balance score were administered. Intervention consisted of body weight support treadmill training five times a week for 2 weeks. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. Body weight support treadmill training scoring of standing balance, step length and 10 m-timed walk test showed a definite improvement. Body weight support treadmill training offers the advantages of task-oriented training with numerous repetitions of a supervised gait pattern. The outcomes suggest that patients with hemiplegia can improve their gait ability and standing balance through body weight support treadmill training.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1130-1138
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in body temperature, adiposity and sympathoadrenal activity in normal weight female college students, eating an instant-noodle lunch in a laboratory setting at ambient temperatures of 22-24.8$^{\circ}C$. Preprandial epinephrine(EPI) concentration, as an indicator of adrenal activity, was inversely and significantly correlated with body weight, body mass index(BMI), and waist girth. Changes in pre- and postprandial EPI concentrations showed positive correlations with % body fat, fat mass, waist girth, hip girth, and waist/hip girth ratio(WHR). The preprandial norepinephrine (NE) concentration was negatively correlated with recovery time from the peak postprandial core temperature to the meal-start core temperature(RTST). However, the NE concentration, an indicator of sympathetic neural activity, was not related to anthropometric measurements in normal weight young women. In conclusion, adrenal activity was negatively associated with adiposity and central body fat distribution. Sympathetic activity was related to body temperature regulation capacity after a meal, but was not related to adiposity in normal weight young women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1130-1138, 1998)

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 1988

Human body sways continuously to maintain balance during upright stance. A computer-aided instrumentation system using a force platform has been developed to investigate the body balance. The Kistler force platform and amplifiers were only used to obtain the precise measurements, and the data acquisition and analysis software operating on an IBM PC with A/D converter was developed. This study presents methods for the display of platform center of pressure data on stability study. This system can be used as a tool in evaluating the man's ability to balance and disorders of the nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper it to investigate the differences in prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution on the variances of age. Height, weight, skinfold thickness and girth circumference on about 422 women residing in Cheju, Korea were surveyed. The results of analysis of the survey are as follows : 1) All the antropometric measurements except height were shown to increase with age. Weight is at its highest level between the age of 50-59. The measurement of skinfold thickness and girth circumference between the ages of 20-39 of the female subjects are significantly higher than the above 40's. However, there is no significant difference among the middle aged women. 2) Physical indices tend to increase according to age. Both BMI and RBW of women in their 50's are at their highest values, however, the index values of the women in their 60's decreased slightly (p<0.05). On the contrary, there is no significant difference in the percentage of body fat and total body fat content among the middle aged women surveyed. 3) According to this survey, 15.6% of the 422 subjects are assessed as being obese ; more specifically 4.4% of women in their 20's, 12.6% in 30's, 25.6% in 40's, 22.5% in 50's and 17.3% in 60's. 4) 39.4% among obese women proved to be upper body type women. Because the frequency of upper body type women became higher as the obese women aged, there is possibility that the pattern of fat distribution can change. 5) Weight is the most highly correlated with BMI(r=0.91), whereas weight as correlated with RBW, percentage of BF and WHR are 0.8, 0.66 and 0.44 respectfully. The conclusion of this survey is that it is better to estimate the value of total body fat and percentage of body fat than the value of BMI in the analysis of prevalence of obesity and its related factors of middle aged women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.979-988
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the lower body size and forms of married women in their thirties who have experienced pregnancy and parturition. Their measurements derived from the direct anthropometry and indirect photographic measures were compared to those of 20's. Improving consumer satisfaction for missy brand, especially in fitness of skirt and pants, some lower body classification were presented. The results were as follows : 1. The characteristics of lower body showed many differences by individuals especially in depth, girth, length and angle measures rather than height and breadth measures. Many items including index, calculations and angles revealed significant differences compared to those of 20's. Several breadth items, crotch length had distinct increase than those of women in twenties. Flattened buttocks side silhouette from waist to hip, buttocks drooping and decrease of inclination implied the influence of pregnancy, parturition and aging. 2. We hardly find out sizing system differences between missy brand and miss brand. Based on waist and hip girth measurements of subjects, sizing system of missy apparel wasn't suitable for their body size. Excessive drop(hip girth-waist girth) of missy brands, 25~30 cm, was almost the same to the drop of miss brands. 3. To improve the size satisfaction of missy women, we classified the lower body into 5 types according to drop, buttocks angle and hip length. Type 1 was small waist with large buttocks projection, and hip length was close to an average. Type 2 was small waist with medium buttocks projection, and the hip length was close to an average. Type 3 was medium waist, with average projection of the buttocks and hip length. Type 4 was large waist, projection of the buttocks and the hip length were close to an average. Type 5 was large waist, projection of the buttocks was small and the hip length was close to an average.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the consumption pattern of snacks-containing trans-fatty acid in adolescents living in the Kwang-ju area of Korea, and to analyze the relevance toward their eating behaviors, body composition, nutrient intakes, and consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A survey questionnaire was developed in order to investigate general environmental factors, eating behavior, nutritional knowledge, and the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A total of 312 middle school students were surveyed. The collection rate was 97% and ultimately 282 cases were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition data, and nutrient intakes were also collected. The consumption frequencies for snacks-containing trans-fatty acid were negatively correlated with food behavior scores (p<0.01) however, pocket money and snack intake frequency per day were positively correlated with consumption frequency. Also, snack consumption frequency had some correlation with the subjects' anthropometric measurements and body composition data such as total body water (p<0.01), body protein (p<0.01), body minerals (p<0.01), and skeletal muscle mass (p<0.01). Finally, the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid was significantly correlated with calcium intake (p<0.05), it also showed correlations with vitamin A, retinol, ${\beta}-carotene$, and folic acid intake, although statistical significance was not verified.