• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2017

Malnutrition is common and the major risk factor of mortality of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status of malnutrition patients on dialysis by various methods and compare nutritional parameters of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with hemodialysis patients. 137 patients on dialysis from April 2009 to July 2013 were enrolled. Nutritional parameters of 66 CAPD and 71 hemodialysis patients were investigated by anthropometry, biochemical study, diet analysis and questionnaires. Malnutrition patients were selected by body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and pre-albumin based on International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting and compared with non-malnutrition patients. In comparison of CAPD and hemodialysis patients, most anthropometric values showed no significant difference except total body water (TBW). TBW was lower in CAPD patients (P=0.024). Although serum albumin was slightly higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.047), pre-albumin were significantly higher in CAPD patients (P=0.000). Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.000). In diet analysis, Total calorie (P=0.000) and total cholesterol (P=0.012) intakes were higher in CAPD patients. Mean subjective global assessment (SGA) grade was higher in CAPD patients (P=0.003). Several nutritional parameters of CAPD patients were better than hemodialysis patients implying more intensive therapeutic approach may be needed for hemodialysis patients. We have to understand multiple factors contributing malnutrition of ESRD patients and individualized therapeutic approach is needed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

Objective : Being overweight or obesity impairs quality of life and often causes treatment noncompliance in patients with bipolar disorder. This preliminary study evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in inpatients with bipolar mania. Methods : Inpatients with bipolar mania, who were treated with adequate medications at least 4 weeks were included in a retrospective study. The body weight of each patient was measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results : Of the 80 patients, 16.4% (N=13) were overweight, and 35.0% (N=28) were obese at discharge. Female patients had higher prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. Being overweight or obesity was associated with the number of previous episodes of depression and combination treatment with atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Conclusions : Being overweight or obesity is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar mania. Clinicians should pay more attention to weight gain and obesity when prescribing combination therapies. More research is required to identify the impact of specific risk factors for overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar mania.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.534-540
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• 2006

Recent studies have shown that environmental, biochemical, nutritional or genetic factors affect bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gentotype and nutritional status on BMD of elderly women living in a rural area. Three hundred thirty five elderly women over 65 years in Asan participated the study. Data for demographic and nutrient intakes were obtained by survey with a two day 24 hr recall method. BMD was measured by broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). VDR genotypes of the subjects analyzed with Bsm I restriction enzyme were bb (92%), Bb (7%) and BB (1%). No differences were found between genotypes bb and Bb/BB in age, menopausal age, body mass index and body fat. BUA of bb genotype was higher (62.5 $\pm$ 15.6 dB/MHz) than Bb/BB genotype (56.1 $\pm$ 17.6 dB/MHz) by Student's t-tests. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlation of BMD and age, but positive correlation with BMI, energy and calcium intake. When subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification by the median calcium intake level (412.9 mg/d), the above median calcium intake group showed significant difference in BUA by VDR genotype while the lower median calcium intake group did not show significant difference. The current study confirmed interaction of calcium intake and VDR genotype in association with BMD. Further nutritional intervention will be needed to improve calcium status of the elderly women living in rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.959-970
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary habit, nutritional condition and quality of everyday meal for college students. The number of the subjects was 102 and they were divided into three groups by their residing types; students living with their parents (n=34), students living in dormitory (n=34) and students living independently off the campus (n=34) Questionnaire, 24hour dietary recall for food intakes, and body composition analysis were used. SPSS program was used for the statistics. In general health matter, the average age for each group of students was $21.2kg/m^2$, $20.9kg/m^2$, and $21.9kg/m^2$ respectively. And heights, weights, muscle mass, body fats and BMI were not significantly different between groups. Results on dietary habit showed that students living with their parents had better meal pattern and regularity for breakfast than other groups. Also, for dietary evaluation, students living with their parents showed better extent of intake of milk than other groups. Evaluation on nutrients intake showed that amount of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, folic acid intake in student living independently off the campus were lower than those of the other groups(P<0.05). And MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was not significantly different between groups, however INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality) and NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) of calcium were lower in off the campus group than other two groups. In conclusion, students living independently had worse eating habits and showed lower intake of calcium than those living with their parents or living in a dormitory. Therefore nutritional education for improving well-balanced dietary habits and optimal intake of nutrients are required especially for students living independently off the campus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.476-484
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, nutrient intakes and serum profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women living in Gyeonggi-do Province, Republic of Korea. The subjects were 49 premenopausal women and 63 postmenopausal women who are not taking any hormone or cardiovascular drugs. Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner and the data for dietary intakes were obtained by a 24-hour recall method. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for the total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein fractions. The mean age of the premenopausal women was $45.17{\pm}3.28$ years and that of the postmenopausal women was 2$62.5{\pm}4.14$ years. The height and weight were $157.86{\pm}$4.35 cm, $58.75{\pm}6.01$ kg in premenopausal women and $156.42{\pm}3.62$ cm, $57.63{\pm}5.38$ kg in postmenopausal women, respectively. WHR (waist hip ratio) in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women (p<0.05). There were no differences between the pre-and postmenopausal women in the intakes of energy, protein, fat, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E. However carbohydrate and Na intakes in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, Ca intake was below and Na intake was extremely high considering KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). Serum triglyceride in postmenopausal women was positively correlated with age, BMI (body mass index) and WHR. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in postmenopausal women showed significantly negative correlations with fiber intake. These results suggest that it is necessary to help postmenopausal women maintain a healthy body weight. Postmenopausal women needs to increase Ca (calcium) intakes and diet quality by decreasing the intakes of Na (sodium). In addition, an adequate intakes of fiber is recommended for postmenopausal women to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.17-19
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• 2020

HIV/AIDS disease still remain a global pandemic and it's management has undergone series of treatment changes and improvement although there is still no permanent cure.Dolutegravir belongs to a group of HIV drugs called integrase inhibitors. Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase. By blocking integrase, integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.Dolutegravir combination based regimen has turned out to be very effective (antiviral) with negligible rare side effects on clients. This drug (Dolutegravir based regimen) combination has successfully increased the appetite for food of all the clients, unlike others and has shown to reduce viral load in the most shortest period ever. It can be deduced that development of resistant mutant virus will be reduced if not eliminated with dolutogravir based regimen.The role of Continuous adherence counseling has shown to improve clients treatment management. It is important to note that the availability of food has direct effect on the economic status or financial weight on the client. Hence the progress that is increase in body mass index (BMI) is a direct impact of the availability of food for the clients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on the prevention of and education about diabetes mellitus for the nutritional management of a diabetes mellitus risk group. The study which took place in Kangbukgu, Seoul, involved a diabetes mellitus risk group (DMR $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, 61), of males and females, aged 36 to 68 years, and a group of healthy people as a control group ( < 110 mg/dL, 183), using luting blood sugar (FBS) levels. The proportion of people in the abnormal range was higher in the DMR than that of control group for total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. Particularly with respect to serum protein the proportion in the DMR in abnormal range (p < 0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group. The proportion in the DMR with a family history of disease was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and relative body weight (RBW), the obesity indices in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. Comparing the DMR and the control group with respect to dietary habits, it seems that the DMR had more undesirable dietary habits than the control group. When the intake of each nutrient for the DMR and the control group was compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the proportion of excess intake and deficient intake in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. The DMR showed a greater undesirable dietary intake pattern as compared to that of the control group, based on the RDA. With respect to the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for quality estimation of the overall flood intake, the DMR showed a feater undesirable pattern than the control group. According to the above results, the DMR tended to have more undesirable eating habits when compared to the control group. Therefore, to provide a more efficient nutritional education program for the DMR we must conduct lurker studies on eating habits, so as to provide systematic nutritional management based on theme differences between the DMR and the control group.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.33-52
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with hyperhidrosis who visited a Korean medicine hospital, and provide information on treated hyperhidrosis, based on Sasang Constitutional medicine. Methods A retrospective review was made of the electronic medical record (EMR) charts for 157 Korean patients with hyperhidrosis (90 male, 67 female), who first visited hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. The following information was collected: sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and clinical data (diagnosis, area of onset, duration of illness, aggravating factors, medication, healing process, et al). Results There were many patients with hyperhidrosis, in the other of So-Yang type (57.3%), Tae-Eum type (35.0%) and So-Eum type (7.6%). The proportion of male was higher than female. The most common area of hyperhidrosis was hands and feet (44.0%), followed by generalized whole body (27.4%) and head and face (25.5%). The cure rate of hyperhidrosis was 32.2%, and effectiveness rate of that was 72.7%. In individual patients, the better the usual health condition expressed by original symptoms, the higher the possibility of treatment success, with shortened duration of treatment and reduced total drug dose. The most frequent treatment modality in patients was that consistently improved, and this duration of treatment was statistically significantly shorter than that experienced worsening of excessive sweating during treatment period (p<0.001). Conclusions This study provides some original information on the Korean patients with hyperhidrosis, and suggests the suitability of Sasang Constitutional medicine as treatment methods for hyperhidrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of low frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training on abdominal obesity in middle-aged women through electromyography and ultrasound. METHODS: Twenty-two middle aged women with abdominal obesity participated in the study. A low-frequency NMES device was used on the abdomen and waist of each subject for 20 minutes each (a total of 40 minutes) three times a week for eight weeks. The waist-hip ratio (WHR), weight and BMI (Body Mass Index) were measured. Electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound measurements were performed three times in total (pre-intervention, four weeks into the intervention, and eight weeks post-intervention) to examine the effects of low-frequency NMES on the abdominal muscle activity, muscle thickness, and subcutaneous fat. RESULTS: The results indicated a difference in the WHR and waist circumference before and after intervention (p<.05). The external oblique muscle (EO) showed a significant increase in muscle activity during all measurements taken post-intervention (p<.05). The abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness also showed a significant decrease between each measurement (p<.05). The test results showed that the abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness values taken eight weeks post-intervention were significantly lower than those taken pre-intervention and four weeks into the intervention (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings show that low-frequency NMES device training can be applied to middle-aged women with abdominal obesity to improve their body shape and exercise performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The continued use of smartphones has resulted in an abnormal body posture and neck alignment changes. Maintaining this posture for a long time weakens the flexor muscles in the neck and shortens the extensor muscles in the neck. This study examined the correlation between the suboccipital muscle tension and deep neck flexor muscle physical endurance according to the craniovertebral angles. METHODS: The craniovertebral angle, tension of the suboccipital muscle and endurance of the deep neck flexor muscle were measured in 58 healthy 20-year-old male and female college students. The tension of suboccipital muscle and endurance of the deep neck flexor muscle were then divided according to the body mass index (BMI). Their correlation with the craniovertebral angle was then examined. Each parameter was measured three times to determine the interrater reliability. RESULTS: The craniovertebral angle and suboccipital muscle tension showed differed significantly. On the other hand, the craniovertebral angle and deep neck flexor muscle physical endurance showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: The results show that the craniovertebral angle and deep neck flexor muscle physical endurance were not correlated, but a smaller craniovertebral angle resulted in a higher suboccipital muscle tension.