• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.120-120
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• 2003

고능력 젖소와 보통능력 젖소의 번식능력을 비교하기 위하여 progesterone을 분석하여 분만후 초발정일을 추정하였고, 번식자료를 통하여 분만 후 번식성적을 조사하였으며, 또한 비유능력 및 Body condition score(BCS) 에 따른 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ program 투입 효과를 구명하기 위하여 분만 후 40일째에 $PGF_2a$를 1차 처리한 후 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 1 차 처리후 14일째에 다시 2차 $PGF_2a$를 처리하였고 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후에도 발정이 발현되지 않은 개체에 대하여 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후 5일째에 CIDR plus를 처리하여 발정유기율을 조사분석하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 progesterone peak를 나타내는 일수는 각각 $38.8 \pm 11.1$ 및 $39.6 \pm 9.7$일로 거의 비슷한 경향을 나타내었음 나. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 발정재귀일수는 각각 $99.4 \pm 71.6$ 및 $117 7 \pm 78.6$일로 고능력우에서 18.3일 늦어지는 경향이었음 다 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만후 수태일수에 있어서 각각 $145.9 \pm 102.8$및 $165.9 \pm 100.8$일로 고능력우에서 20일 늦어지는 경향이었음 라. 보통능력우와 고능력우의 분만간격에 있어서 각각 421.5 \pm 107.2$ 및 $448.4 \pm 108.7$일로 고능력우에서 26.9일 늦어지는 경향을 나타내었음 마 보통능력우와 고능력우에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 39.1% 및 60.0%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 42.9% 및 70.0%, CIDR plus 처리시 50.0% 및 66.7%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음 바. BCS에 따라 $PGF_2a + PGF_2a+CIDR$ plus program을 투입한 결과 BCS 2.5 이하와 BCS 2.75-3.50에 있어서 1차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 47.4% 및 48.3%, 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리시 각각 40.0% 및 66.7%, CIDR plus 처리시 각 각 50.0% 및 80.0%의 발정 유기율을 나타내었음

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Effective estrus detection and artificial insemination (AI) are necessary for profitable management of dairy herd. In current study, 45 crossbred lactating cows have been selected with the complaint of unobserved oestrus for more than sixty days postpartum. All cows had functional corpus luteum as examined by transrectal ultrasonography. Cows were treated with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ analogue and AI was performed with observed oestrus and then single dose of GnRH was administered. Similar synchronization protocol has been repeated after 14 days in cows that did not repose to first treatment. Remaining cows received additional $PGF_2{\alpha}$ after 14 days of second treatment and timed AI was performed following GnRH administration. Among 45 cows, 28.89% showed estrus after first treatment and 78.79% responded to second hormonal intervention. A higher conception rate (88.89% vs 26.66 and 72.72%) was observed in cows after triple administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and timed AI. We noticed a significant differences in body condition score (BCS, 1~5 scale), postpartum period, and daily milk production between cows that either responded of non-responded following first and second hormonal treatment. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between daily milk production and BCS, age and postpartum days, milk production and estrus/BCS, and milk production/BCS/estrus and conception rate. Depending upon the findings we conclude that hormonal intervention with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and GnRH enhances postpartum ovarian cyclicity and help decreasing the days open of dairy herd. Therefore, this finding might provide an excellent guideline for target breeding system for profitable dairy herd management.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

The reproductive disorders are the major causes of reproductive infertility in cows that affect the total annual calf crop, resulting in great economic loss in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to find out the reproductive disorders (RD) in dairy cows that markedly influences the reproductive performances in aspect of Bangladesh. A total number of 1658 dairy cows were selected according to their body condition score (BCS) in different farms at the southern part of Bangladesh during the period of 2011 to 2012. The preliminary data (basic information) were collected directly from the dairy farmer's record books and asking questions according to a prescribed questionnaires as well as the diagnosis of RD was presumptively confirmed on the basis of history, clinical signs and examination of animals by ultrasonography and others necessary tools. There are thirteen major reproductive disorders were identified. Overall prevalence of reproductive disorders at that area were 23%, among of these anoestrus 5.1%, repeat breeder 3.7%, metritis 4.4%, poor heat detection 1.6%, ovarian cyst 0.36%, retain placenta 4.6%, dystocia 0.97% and pyometra 0.24%. It is indicated that anoestrus and retention of placenta after calving was most hazardous cause of infertility whereas the metritis and repeat breeder were the second line of consequence. RD had shown significantly higher incidence in low BCS (${\leq}2$) than that of fair (2.5) and very good (${\geq}3{\sim}3.5$). In conclusion, the highest RD especially anoestrus and retention of placenta is very alarming for reproductive loss which might be needed further research to identify the specific cause of these disorders for establishment a profitable dairying and dairy population.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권4권
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

This study determined the effects of several reproductive factors at prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}\;(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ administration on the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception. Three hundreds and twenty six dairy cows in seven dairy herds received a 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ after confirming the presence of corpus luteum (CL) by ultrasonography, and the cows exhibited estrus within 7 days following $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration were artificially inseminated (AI). Two hundreds cows among the 326 cows received additional ultrasonography at $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration to measure the diameters of the largest follicle and CL on ovaries, and blood samples collected from the cows were analyzed for serum progesterone (P4) level. Cow parity, days open, body condition score (BCS), season and herd variables were recorded. Of the treated 326 cows, 171 cows (52.5%) showed estrus within 7 days after treatment, and the conception rate following AI was 37.4% (64/171). There were significant differences on the estrous exhibition ($31.3{\sim}65.8%$, p<0.01) and conception rates ($23.1{\sim}66.7%$, p<0.05) among the herds, while cow parity, days open, BCS and season did not affect the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception rates. The diameters of the largest follicle and CL on ovaries, and serum P4 level at the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration were not related to the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception. The results indicate that the improved outcomes of synchronization of estrus using a single $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration may be related to the appropriate management of the herd.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to apply the multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) program practically in dairy herds. Forty five superior Holstein cows ranked in 5% according to Type-Production Index(TPI) in Korea were selected as donors. The donors were superovulated with pFSH and the embryos collected from donors were frozen and preserved. The preserved embryos and frozen Holstein embryo imported from foreign country were thawed and transferred to recipients. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The total number of ova and freezable embryos collected per donor was 6.5 and 2.8, respectively. 2. The freezable embryos were obtained more(p<0.05) when the body condition score (BCS) of donors was in range of 2.50∼3.25(4.1) than in range of 3.50∼4.00(1.9), while the total number of ova was not changed. 3. The season affected on the collected number of freezable embryos(6.1 in winter, 4.5 in fall, 1.1∼1.5 in spring and summer, P<0.05), and the total number of obtained ova were more in winter than in other seasons(P<0.05). 4. Embryos were transferred to 343 recipients and 152 cows were confirmed pregnant(44.3%). 5. The higher pregnancy was obtained (P<0.05) when embryos were transferred in summer(53.3%) than in fall(36.0%), while the pregnancy rate was not affected by the origin and developmental stage of embryos, and the parity, BCS and estrus induction of recipients. From these results, the pregnancy rate was considered to be acceptable for the embryo transfer with domestic or imported Holstein embryos, however embryo production from superior Holstein donors was unsatisfactory for application of MOET scheme.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.238-241
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• 2023

This study determined the effect of ovarian status at the beginning of the modified Double-Ovsynch program on reproductive performance in dairy cows. In the study, 1,302 cows were treated with a modified Double-Ovsynch program at 56 days after calving. This program comprises administering gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) 10 days later, GnRH 3 days later, GnRH 7 days later, and GnRH 56 h later, followed by timed artificial insemination (TAI) 16 h later. At the beginning of the program, cows were categorized according to the size of the largest follicle and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) in the ovaries as follows: 1) small follicle (<5 mm, SF group, n = 100), 2) medium follicle (8-20 mm, MF group, n = 538), and 3) large follicle (≥25 mm, LF group, n = 354) without a CL, or 4) the presence of a CL (CL group, n = 310). The pregnancies per AI after the first TAI were analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure, and the logistic model included the fixed effects of the herd size, parity, body condition score (BCS) at the first TAI, TAI period, and ovarian status. A larger herd size, higher BCS at the first TAI, and TAI period with no heat stress increased (p < 0.05) the probability of pregnancy per AI after the first TAI. However, ovarian status at the beginning of the program did not affect (p > 0.05) the pregnancies per AI (ranges of 37.9% to 42.9%). These results show that the modified Double-Ovsynch program can be used effectively while maintaining good fertility regardless of the ovarian status in dairy herds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1265-1274
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• 2021

Two field experiments were conducted to improve the conception rate of Hanwoo cow. The first experiment aimed to investigate the physiological condition of Hanwoo cows on estrus, including metabolic profiles and body condition score (BCS). The second experiment investigated the effect of a novel estrus detector on the artificial insemination (AI) conception rate for Hanwoo cows. For the first experiment, 80 Hanwoo cows (2.5 ± 0.10 of parity), approximately one month before estrus, were housed in 16 pens and offered the experimental diets twice daily with free water access. The BCS were recorded, and blood was collected from the jugular veins just before AI. The collected blood was used to measure physiological conditions, such as metabolite and hormone levels. For the second experiment, each cow was equipped with a neck-mounted estrus detector collar, which had a sensor connected through the internet. Approximately one month before estrus, three hundred sixty Hanwoo cows (2.4 ± 0.21 of parity) were assigned into groups with or without W-Tag collar treatments. The animals were managed the same as in the first experiment. The pregnancy rate reached 55% in the first experiment. The concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher (p < 0.012; 1.56 vs. 1.08 ng/mL) in cows that were not pregnant (NPG) than in cows that were pregnant (PG) after AI. The BCS and other concentrations of metabolites and hormones in the blood were not different in both NPG and PG cows. The ranges of estrogen, LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone for PG cows were 11.9 to 39.0 pg/mL, < 0.25 to 1.98 ng/mL, and < 0.50 to 0.82 ng/mL, respectively. In the second experiment, cows with the estrus detector had lower days open (p < 0.001; 78.1 vs. 84.8 d), insemination frequency (p < 0.001; 1.26 vs. 2.52), and return of estrus (p < 0.001; 70.9 vs. 79.1 d) than those in cows without the estrus detector. In conclusion, the present study indicated that lower LH concentration just before AI potentially increased the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cows. Furthermore, the application of estrus detectors to Hanwoo cows could improve the conception success rate for AI.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1110-1120
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of offering (OSF) or not (NSF) supplemental feed at milking on temperament (TS), udder hygiene (UHS) and body condition (BCS) scores, and milk yield per milking (MYM), milk quality traits, and profitability of primiparous Anatolian buffalo cows at 90 days of lactation confined in closed-tied (CB) or semi-open free-stall (OB) barns. Methods: In Experiment I, 108 cows were selected to encompass four treatments (OBOSF, OB-NSF, CB-OSF, and CB-NSF) of 27 cows, considering barn type (OB and CB) and supplementary feed (OSF and NSF) at milking. In Experiment II, 60 OB cows were selected to encompass one of five groups of 12 cows each: i) no supplemental feed (CON), ii) commercial concentrate (CC), iii) CC + corn silage (CCS), iv) CCS + alfalfa hay (CSA), or v) CC + ryegrass silage (CRS) at milking. Results: The TS and UHS of the OB and OSF cows were lower (better) than those of the CB and NSF cows, respectively. The OSF increased milk protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat but decreased milk freezing point and electrical conductivity compared with the NSF. The MYM and milk fat of the OB-OSF cows were higher than those of the OB-NSF and CBNSF cows. The TS and UHS of the cows negatively correlated with MYM and some milk chemicals (fat, protein, and solids-not-fat), but BCS correlated positively. The TS and milk electrical conductivity of the CCS, CSA, and CRS cows were lower than those of the CON and CC cows, but BCS, MYM, and milk fat were higher. Partial budget analysis identified a higher net profit for supplemental feed-offered groups (OB-OSF, CCS, CSA, and CRS). Conclusion: Offering roughage with concentrates at milking for indoor primiparous buffalo cows is more conducive to well-being, milk yield, milk quality, and economy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2014

본 연구는 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후 임신율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석에 포함된 자료는 젖소 목장 22개소내 사육 젖소 1,952두에 정시 인공수정을 위하여 실시한 배란동기화 프로그램(PG+EB, Ovsynch, CIDR-ovsynch), 젖소의 산차, 신체상태지수(BCS), 전 산차 분만일, 인공 수정일 및 임신 진단 결과를 포함하였으며, 통계분석은 SAS 로지스틱 회기분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 목장(p = 0.005), 산차(p = 0.0001), BCS(p < 0.005) 및 인공수정 계절(p < 0.05)이 유의적으로 임신율에 영향을 미쳤으며, 공태기간은 경향성을 나타내었다(p < 0.1). 배란동기화 프로그램에 따른 임신율의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 산차와 배란동기화 프로그램 사이에 교호관계가 성립되었다(p < 0.005). PG+EB 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소(odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, p < 0.0001)가 있었으나, Ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율이 증가하는 경향이 있었으며(OR: 1.44, p < 0.1), CIDR-ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차와 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). BCS가 3.00을 이상일 때가 2.75 이하일 때 보다 1.41배 임신 가능성이 증가되었으나, 인공수정을 여름에 실시할 때가 봄에 실시할 때에 비해 임신 가능성이 0.73배로 감소되었다. 인공 수정 시 공태기간이 150일을 경과 할 때가 150일 미만일 때 보다 임신 가능성이 1.20배 증가 경향이 있었다. 결론적으로, 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후, 목장, 젖소의 산차, BCS, 공태기간 및 인공수정 계절이 임신율에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이었다. 또한 배란동기화 프로그램과 산차 사이 교호관계가 성립되었으며, PG+EB 프로그램 사용 시 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소가 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2013

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4~5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented group of rams compared to control. Volume, concentration, motility and membrane potentiality of spermatozoa were varied significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented and control groups. However, density, mass motility, viability and sperm with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were not differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.