• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2013

우리나라에서는 유역 특성별 비점오염물질 유출특성을 파악하고 최적관리방안을 도모하기 위해 2000년 이후 다양한 형태의 실험실 규모 또는 실증 규모 최적관리방안(Best Management Practices, BMP) 시설에 대해 연구가 진행되고 있으나 유역 특성상 자정작용의 기회가 주어지지 않는 연안지역에서의 비점오염물질 유출특성 및 관리방안에 대한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 최근 연안지역 개발에 따른 불투수층 비율은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나, 초기우수의 직접유출을 방지하기 위한 완충 시설 및 최적관리방안 시설은 전무한 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 충남 보령시 대천항 주차장을 중심으로 연안 지역의 비점오염물질 유출특성을 파악하고, 이를 저감하기 위한 최적관리방안을 설정하여 연안지역 비점오염원 관리에 대한 기초자료를 제공하였다. 연안지역은 지역특성상 해안과 접하고 있기 때문에 지하수위가 낮고 경사차가 크지 않은 평탄한 지형을 이루고 있다. 즉, 최적관리방안을 선정하는데 있어 유출입구의 수두확보문제와 굴착 깊이에 제한을 받으며, 인공습지 및 저류지와 같은 대규모 저류형 시설의 입지조건으로는 부적합하다. 또한, 연안지역은 강우유출 특성상 염분의 함량이 높기 때문에 식물 생장에 미치는 영향이 커 식생을 이용한 자연형 최적관리방안 시설을 적용하는데도 제약을 받는다. 연안지역 비점오염원 유출 특성과 연안지역 지리 지형적 조건을 고려하여 선정된 최적관리방안 시설의 주관평가 결과 시공시 굴착 깊이가 적고, 식생의 이용이 제한적인 침투수로 형태의 시설이 적합한 것으로 사료되며 유지관리 측면에서도 유리하다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.620-628
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 산림유역의 최상류지역에 위치한 일시하천(ephemeral stream)과 간헐천(intermittent stream)이 상존하는 수변지역을 대상으로 지하수위의 계절적인 변화 양상을 파악하였다. 3곳의 산림유역(총 12개 소유역)에서 일시하천 및 간헐천의 수변구역 보호를 위한 최적관리기법을 포함하는 4개의 처리구(BMP1, BMP2, clearcut, reference)를 적용하였다. 지하수위는 각 소유역별 25개소(총 300개소)에서 2주 간격으로 측정되었으며, 벌채 전 1년과 벌채 후 2년, 총 3년 동안 관측되었다. 전체적으로 지하수위의 반응은 강우량의 영향이 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한, 산림벌채전과 비교하여, 벌채 후 2년 동안 지하수위는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 특히, 벌채 1년 후(2008) 개벌처리구에서 28.2cm, 벌채 2년 후(2009) BMP2에서 54.2cm로 가장 크게 증가하였다. 그러나, 개벌처리구와 BMP2의 지하수위 변화 특성을 비교할 때, 벌채된 목재의 재적과 지하수위의 변화는 직접적인 연관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 산림벌채로 인한 지하수위의 증가는 �㎱굇璲� 보다 건조기간 동안 더 크게 나타났으며, 이러한 계절적인 추이는 산림벌채 후 식생구조의 차이에서 야기되는 증발산양의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2012

본 연구는 메탄생성에 직접적으로 관여하는 혼합 메탄균과 셀롤로스 등의 고분자 물질의 가수분해 반응에 활성이 뛰어난 반추위 내 혐기성 섬유소분해균 중에서 대표적인 Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens 및 Ruminococcus albus를 biochemical methane potential (BMP) 시험에 첨가하였을 때 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 수행되었다. BMP시험은 멸균증류수를 첨가한 control과 각각의 미생물 배양액을 첨가한 혼합 메탄균 첨가구 (M), F. succinogenes 첨가구 (FS) R. flavefaciens 첨가구 (RF), R. albus 첨가구 (RA) 및 RA+FS 혼합첨가구와 M+RA+FS 혼합 첨가구로 총 7개 처리구로 각 처리구별 3반복으로 진행되었다. 미생물 배양액의 첨가량은 식종액과 기초혐기배지 (anaerobic basic medium) 혼합액 50 mL에 1% (0.5 mL), 3% (1.5 mL) 및 5% (2.5 mL) 씩 첨가 하였고 배양을 위한 기질로는 cellulose ($2.0g\;VS\;L^{-1}$)이 이용되었다. BMP 시험을 위해 40일간 배양이 지속되었고 중온소화를 위해 $38^{\circ}C$의 배양기에서 수행되었다. 실험의 결과 총 바이오가스 및 메탄 발생량은 5% FS에서 다른 처리구와 비교하여 각각 10.4~22.7% 및 17.4~27.5% 높았다 (p<0.05). 총고형물 (TS) 분해율도 가스발생 결과와 유사하였는데, 전반적으로 FS가 높게 나타났으며, 5% FS에서 64.2%로 가장 높았다. 휘발성 고형물 (VS) 분해율은 5% FS와 5% RF가 각각 68.4 및 71.0%로 가장 높았다. BMP 종료시 배양액내 pH는 모든 처리구가 6.4이상으로 메탄발효에 큰 영향을 주지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 실험의 결과 혐기소화에 대한 회분식 배양에서는 메탄생성단계보다는 가수분해단계에서 특히, F. succinogenes 배양액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 메탄의 생성량을 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the possible paracrine effect of bone morphogeneticprotein-2 (BMP-2) at the experimental site on the adjacent control site for validating a rabbit calvarial defect model as a means of verifying the effect of BMP-2. Methods: Sixteen rabbits were divided into two groups (n=8 in each) according to whether or not BMP-2 would be used. Two circular defects (8 mm in diameter) were created side by side, 2 mm apart, in the calvarium of all of the rabbits. In each animal, one of the defects was grafted with either BMP-2-loaded carrier or carrier material alone. The control defects adjacent to these grafted defects, designated CB (the nongrafted defect adjacent BMP-2-loaded carrier-grafted defect) and CC (the nongrafted defect adjacent to carrier only-grafted defect), respectively, were the focus of this study, and were filled only with a blood clot in all of the animals. Histologic observation and histomorphometric analysis were performed at 2 and 8 weeks (n=4 animals per point in time) after surgery. Results: There was no noteworthy difference in the healing pattern, and no statistically significant differences in histomorphometric parameters such as the defect closure, new bone area, or total augmented area between the CC and CB groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that rabbit calvarial defects separated by a distance of 2 mm are suitable for evaluating the effects of BMP-2 and the control defect can be regarded not to be affected by BMP-2 applied defect.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

본 연구는 부산시에 위치한 하천퇴적물에 대한 현재의 오염상태와 혐기성 상태에서의 잠재메탄발생량을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 먼저 부산시 하천중 총 5곳을 선정하였고 대상하천의 퇴적물을 채집하였다. 그리고 퇴적물특성을 알아보기 위해 퇴적물의 화학적산소요구량, 강열감량, 총 유기탄소에 대해서 분석을 실시하였고 그 결과 각각 15.20~75.07mg $15.20{\sim}75.07mg\;g^{-1}$, 2.34~11.54%, 1.28~34.21%로 나타났다. 또한 실험실규모의 BMP Test를 실시하였고 그 결과 pH가 약간 증가하다가 약 7.11~7.35에서 평형을 이루었으며, C/N, 최종메탄 및 이산화탄소수율 그리고 생분해도는 각각 1.05~10.27, 10.1~179.4, 10.3~34.4, 4.0~30.1을 나타내었다. 그리고 최종메탄수율과 C/N비, 최종이산화탄소수율, COD, 강열감량, 총유기탄소와의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 선형모델에 최소자승법을 적용해 평가하였고 그 결과, COD($r^2=0.7586$)와 강열감량($r^2=0.7876$)을 제외한 나머지 모든 항목에서 최종메탄수율과 높은 상관관계를 띔을 알 수 있었다($r^2=0.9795{\sim}0.9858$). 따라서 C/N 또는 TOC 분석결과를 통해 메탄발생수율을 예측 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

Small intestine has a structure called villi that increases the mucosal surface area for nutrient absorption. Intricate and tight epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for villi development. These interactions are regulated by signaling molecules, physical forces, and epithelial deformation. Signaling molecules include hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt ligands. The Hh ligand is expressed from the epithelium and binds to the underlying mesenchymal cells, resulting in aggregation into mesenchymal clusters. The clusters express BMP and Wnt ligands to control its size and spacing between clusters. The clusters then form villi. Despite the fact that the villi formation is studied extensively, we do not have a complete understanding. In addition, the recent study shows there is a great relationship between the overexpression of the Hh signal and development of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, signaling between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their physical interactions will be discussed on this review.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the effect of rhBMP-2 on the healing of bone defect in the low calcium diet rat. Materials and Methods: To prepare the experimental model, control group was fed a normal diet and experimental group was fed a low calcium diet for 3 weeks. And then, 4 mm bicortical perforated bone defect was made on mandibular body of each rats. Experimental group was subdivided into two groups; experimental group 1 (rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone defect) and experimental group 2 (rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone defect with rhBMP-2 application). At 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after bone defect formation, the rats were terminated. The healing of bone defect was assessed by three-dimensional computerized tomography, soft x-ray radiography, and histopathological examination. Results : The wound healing of the bone defect for control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2 showed a increase from 3 weeks after bone defect formation. The experimental group 2 showed a more increase in healing amount than control group and experimental group 1 from 5 weeks after bone defect formation and the experimental group 2 showed a complete recovery of bone defect at 7 weeks after bone defect formation. Conclusion: The healing process of bone defect is accelerated by rhBMP-2 application in the low calcium diet rats.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.350-359
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a minimal concentration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in terms of quantitative and qualitative analyses of newly formed bone in a rabbit maxillary sinus model. Methods: In 7 rabbits, sinus windows were prepared bilaterally. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) loaded with 0.05 mg/mL BMP-2 was grafted into one sinus (the BMP group) and saline-soaked BCP was placed into the other (the control group) in each animal. The animals were allowed an 8-week healing period before being sacrificed. Specimens including the augmented area and surrounding tissues were then removed and evaluated both radiographically and histologically. Results: There was a difference in the mineralization of new bone between the groups. In the BMP group, the greater part of the new bone consisted of mature lamellar bone with an evident trabecular pattern, whereas the control group showed mostly woven bone, consisting only partially of lamellar bone. Histometrically, the area of new bone was significantly greater ($4.55{\pm}1.35mm^2$ vs. $2.99{\pm}0.86mm^2$) in the BMP group than in the control group (P<0.05); however, the total augmentation volumes were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be suggested that a minimal concentration of BMP-2 (0.05 mg/mL) had an osteoinductive effect with accelerated mineralization in a rabbit sinus model using a BCP carrier.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1999

We tested the bone regenerating capacity and histologic response of bioresorbable matrix-type implant, which was made with Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) and bone apatite for the carrier of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP). The critical size defect of 8mm in diameter was created at the calvaria of SD rats(n=18), and repaired with polymer implant with $15{\mu}g$ of rhBMP-2(n=9) or without it(n=9). At 2 weeks, 1 months after implantation, the animals were sacrificed(3 animals at every interval and group) and histologically evaluated. The calvarial defect which was repaired with polymer with BMP healed with newly formed bone about 70% of total defect. But that without BMP showed only 0 to under 30% bony healing. Inflammatory response was absent in both group through the experimental period, but there's marked foreign body giant response though it was a little less significant in polymer with BMP group. As the polymer was resorbed, the space was infiltrated and replaced by fibrovascular tissue, not by bone. In conclusion, our formulation of bioresorbable matrix implant loaded with bone morphogenetic protein works good as a bone regenerating material. However, it is mandatory to devise our system to have better osteoinductive and osteoconductive property, and less multinucleated giant cell response.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2010

Introduction: This study was to assess the effectiveness of new bone formation and regeneration by using a rhBMP-2 and $\beta-TCP$ as a carrier in rabbits’mandible. Materials and Methods: The mandibles of 36 rabbits were exposed and cortical bone was penetrated for this study. The experimental subjects were divided into 3 groups each 12 rabbits ; control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. Control group had the defect itself without any treatment, in the experimental group 1, $\beta-TCP$P only was grafted, and in the experimental group 2, rhBMP-2 soaked in $\beta-TCP$ was grafted. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8weeks, and new bone formation area was examined and measured for bone quantitative and qualitative analysis with light, fluorescent and polarized microscopy. Results: In the experimental group 1, new bone formation from the adjacent host bone was made by osteoconduction, and in the experimental group 2, direct new bone formation by osteoinduction of rhBMP-2 as well as new bone formation by osteoconduction of $\beta-TCP$ were observed. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 of experimental group 2 is very effective in the bone formation in early 2weeks and bone remodelling from 3weeks.