• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.93-114
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• 2001

The composition analysis of Danchung pigments at Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by FXRF and MXRD. The analytical result of the inside pigments at Geunjeongjeon showed that these painted in use the mineral pigments. Gold pigment was pure gold(Au).The main composition identified in green pigments were chalcanthite($CuSO_4$.$5H_2O$) and celadonite($K(Mg, Fe, Al)_2$.$(Si, Al)_4O_10(OH)_2$ ). Red pigments werecinnnabar(HgS).The analytical result of the outside pigments at Geunjeongjeon revealed that these applied to the artificial synthetic pigment. Yellow pigment was chromeyellow($PbCrO_4$). The main composition identified in red pigments were red lead($Pb_3O_4$)and hematite($Fe_2O_3$). Green pigments were emeral green($C_2H_3A_s3Cu_2O_8$) and chromegreen($Cr_2O_3$). Blue pigment was lazurite($Na_6Ca2Al_6Si_6O_24(SO_4)_2$), titanium dioxide($TiO_2$) of white pigment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3A
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• pp.547-553
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• 2006

To know the effect of pigments on the material properties of color concrete, mortar and concrete tests were carried out by the using 5 kinds of pigment. The major component of red, yellow and black pigments was iron oxide and coloring component of blue and green pigments was copper phthalocyanine. Properties of mortar and concrete were some of difference according to adding ratio and kind of pigments. In case of using red, yellow and black pigments, setting time of concrete speeded a little and compressive strength was tendency to increase and slump or air content of concrete was same or decreased. On the other hand, in case of using green and blue pigments, compressive strength of concrete decreased largely because of the excessive air entrainment of surfactant and sump or air content of concrete increased highly. When the antifoaming agent was added to the color concrete mixed with green and blue pigments, compressive strength of concrete was improved and similar to that of concrete without pigment.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.15
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• pp.66-77
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• 2014

A gujangbok is a king's silk ceremonial robe embroidered with nine symbols that represent the essential virtues that a king needs to govern his country. The National Museum of Korea currently own a gujangbok worn by King Gojong in the late Joseon Dynasty. The robe is painted with various colors, including red, yellow, blue, green, and gray. μ-XRF and analysis was conducted on the pigments, and it was found that the red color was made from cinnabar, the yellow color was gold and brass, the blue color was a blue organic pigment and white lead, the green color was a synthetic pigment composed of copper and arsenic, and the gray color pigment was silver. Also, the pigments were compared to those used to make the patterns of a queen's ceremonial robe and a front cloth panel, both made around the same time and also owned by the National Museum of Korea. The comparative analysis revealed clear differences and similarities between the various pigments. The resulting data expect to serve as a useful foundation research for future studying of the pigments used by the Joseon royal court in the late nineteenth century.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.12-20
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• 2002

The analysis of danchung pigments at the Geunjeongjeon Hall in the Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by EXRF and MXRD. The analytical results showed that mineral pigments were employed for the inside of the Geunjeongjeon Hall. The main ingredients of green pigments were chalcanthite and celadonite. Red pigment was cinnnabar. It was also revealed that synthetic pigments were applied for the outside of the Hall. Yellow pigment was chrome yellow. The main ingredients of red pigments were red lead and hematite. Green pigments were emeral green and chrome green. Lazurite was employed for blue pigment and titanium dioxide for white one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.299-300
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 $SiO_2$ 판상체 위에 저굴절 및 고굴절 금속 산화물을 다층 교차 증착하여 Pearl Pigment를 sputtering 공법을 이용하여 증착하였다. Pearl Pigment는 Essential Macleod program 을 이용한 색상과 증착된 pigment의 색상이 파장에 따라 blue, violet, pink, red, orange, yellow, green 등(Wave length : 450$\sim$730 nm)으로 동일하게 나타났고, 기존의 제품에 비해 색상효과가 뛰어나고, 표면 morphology가 우수하였다. 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 막 두께, 표면 조직 및 입자 크기를 측정하였고, 스펙트로미터를 사용하여 각각의 파장을 분석하였으며 EDS, XRD를 이용하여 정성 및 정량 분석을 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.491-492
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2$ 판상체 위에 저굴절 및 고굴절 금속 산화물을 다층 교차 증착하여 Pearl Pigment를 sputtering 공법을 이용하여 증착하였다. Pearl Pigment는 Essential Macleod program 을 이용한 색상과 증착된 pigment의 색상이 파장에 따라 blue, violet, pink, red, orange, yellow, green 등(Wave length 450~623 nm)으로 동일하게 나타났고, 기존의 제품에 비해 색상효과기 뛰어나고, 표면 morphology가 우수하였다. 광학 현미경 및 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 막 두께, 표면 조직 및 입자 크기를 측정하였고, EDS, XRD를 이용하여 정성 및 정량 분석을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.319-323
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• 1998

Conversion of Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment into blue-green pigment by 8 bacterial species was examed. Bioconversion pattern can be categorized into three types according to absorption spectra characteristics. The same pattern of the value of ${\Delta}E$ estimated by color differencemeter was also observed. Conversion rate by S. epidermidis was faster than other bacterial species. It took 16 hour for S. epidermidis to convert pigment at $37^{\circ}C$. Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment and conversion pigment were completely separated by Amberlite XAD column chromatography with $H_2O-MeOH$ solvent system. Storage stability of the conversion pigment was better than Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease are bacterial infectious disease, mainly caused by plaque, a bacterial colony deposited on the tooth surface and gum tissue. Dental plaque disclosants easily stain the dental plaque, making them effective for scaling and tooth brushing education. As the erythrosine typically contained in dental plaque disclosants is highly cytotoxic, a low toxicity additive is needed. In this study, we aimed to examine the natural pigments with negligible cytotoxicity but can effectively stain the dental plaques for use in dental plaque disclosants. Methods: The pigmentation of eight types of natural pigments was tested on bovine tongue and teeth, as well as on head and neck tissue sections of experimental ICR mice. The cytotoxicity of gingival epithelial cells was measured via MTT assay. Pigmentation was performed on the bovine tongue and tooth surface. Pigmentation in the oral environment was observed in four mandibular incisors. A 2 Tone was used as a control. Results: Of the eight types of natural pigments, purple and blue pigments were effective in coloring dental plaques on the enamel surface as well as in the head and neck tissue sections. Additionally, purple and blue pigments were visible on the surface of the bovine tongue. Red, pink, orange, green, purple, and yellow pigments showed strong cytotoxicity, whereas brown and blue pigments had relatively low cytotoxicity. Blue pigment was effective in staining the dental plaque of four mandibular incisors. Conclusion: We suggest that the blue pigment derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), which is effective for coloring dental plaques and has low cytotoxicity, is useful as a naturally derived dental disclosant.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze deterioration characteristics of color-pigments painted Hanji to preserve and restore the cultural properties. On the traditional painting technique, glue was used with pigments in various ways for painting, but it eventually caused the deterioration of paintings. Thus, five colors were selected and analyzed for this study for investigating their characteristics of deteriration. Three kinds of glues (Wugyo, Nokgyo, and Togyo) and two kinds of pigments (Chinese and Gilsang) were painted on the Hanji for the accelerated aging test. And then color fastness of pigments and tensile strength of painted Hanji were measured for the estimation of deterioration degree. The results of SEM-EDS showed that Chinese pigments including blue, yellow, green, and red were composed of inorganic substances but the brown was organic substance. Gilsang pigments were composed mainly of Si and Ti ions. Color fastness of the Gilsang pigment blue, yellow, green, and brown were better than those of Chinese. Chinese pigment brown with organic substance showed the worst color fastness. Generally, Chinese pigments painted Hanji showed higher tensile strength than Gilsang in the accelerated aging test. Hanji treated with Chinese pigment and Nokgyo (antler glue) blends and Gilsang pigment and Togyo (rabbit pelt glue) blends showed higher tensile strength than the others. And Andong Hanji showed the highest tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2018

This study deals with the color formation of ceramic pigment in the $TiO_2$-SnO-ZnO system. We designed compounds to control the color formation depending on the composition using the Design of Experiment. The color coordinate values of synthesized pigments, $L^*a^*b^*$ were measured and statistically analyzed color for changing elements depending on its composition. The relationship between the major crystalline phases and chromaticity was examined using XRD, and the oxidation states of each element were analyzed by XPS. The synthesized pigments based on the compound design exhibited various color changes ranging from yellow-orange to green-blue and brown. The statistical analysis on the spectrophotometer results shows that $a^*$ and $b^*$ values decreased with $TiO_2$ content, and increased with SnO content. Yellow-orange color was detected with the main peak of SnO, and the green-blue color developed with the main peak of $Zn_2TiO_4$. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased with increased SnO peak intensity, and decreased with increased $Zn_2TiO_4$ peak intensity. The results revealed that pigment color formation was influenced by changes in the main crystalline phases and crystalline intensity. However, XPS analysis of the oxidation states of each element showed little correlation with the pigment chromaticity result.