• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species complex sampled from the east coast of Korean was studied using a partial sequence of COIII gene (336 bp). Samples obtained from three localities on the east coast of Korea revealed four haplotypes with two clearly differentiated mitochondrial clades (termed clades B and E), separated by 4.2% of minimum sequence divergence. This pattern indicates no difference between east and south coasts of Korea. According to population genetic theory on evolutionary characteristics of mtDNA, we concluded that mtDNA introgression from M. edulis to M. gallprovincialis might be a source for mtDNA polymorphism found in mussels on the east coast of Korea.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

We studied the attachment-repelling activity of flavonoids, stilbenes, and their glycosides against the blue mussel Mytilus edulis galloprouincialis. Molecular mechanics calculations have shown that the most stable conformations of potent repellents 29 and 32 were the same. On the basis of these results, structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2021

This study was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities and proteolytic enzyme stability of the acidified extract of the Blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The acidified extract showed potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli D31, but had no activity against Candida albicans. Treatment of extract with trypsin completely abolished all or significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, but slightly decreased antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, and treatment of extract with chymotrypsin retained almost antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria except for E. coli D31. To confirm the additional enzyme stability of the extract, antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested after treated with several enzymes. Enzymes treated extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and its activity was also retained for 5 h after trypsin treatments. Non-proteinaceous materials in the acidified extract also showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. All our results indicate that mussel extract might contain the proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous antibacterial materials target not bacterial membrane but intracellular components. These results could be used to develop mussel extract as an additive for the improvement of stability or antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against specific bacteria.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 54 specimens of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species complex sampled from the southern coast of Korea was assayed for polymorphism with a portion of the COIII gene (336 bp). Fifteen haplotypes were found. PAUP, one-step networks, and PHYLIP analyses revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated mitochondrial clades (termed clades B and E), separated by 3.6% of minimum sequence divergence. The distribution pattern of the species appears to be consistent with category II of the phylogeographic pattern sensu (Avise et al., 1987): the presence of two discontinuous and distinct mtDNA genotypes in the same geographic region. This unusual mitochondrial polymorphism was explained by the presence of the Mediterranean species, M. galloprovincialis, possessing mtDNA of both M. galloprovincialis and M. edulis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 1992

The internal shell morphology of the blue mussel, which were collected from Korea and Japan were studied. The range of the mean ratio between anterior adductor muscle scars to shell height in each locality were between 62.47 in Yongdok to 54.17 in Uichang. These values were very similar to that of M galloprouincialis in Mediterranean than that of M edulis in Europe. And the range of the mean ratio between hinge plate length to shell height were between 61.31 in Jukbyon to 56.15 in Otuschi. Also these values were similar to that of M. galloprovincialis in Mediterranean. Based on the mean ratio between anterior adductor muscle scars and hinge plate length to shell height, it was suggested that the Korean and Japanese blue mussel is certainly identical to the Mediterranean species, Mytilus galloprovincialis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2017

Chlorination has been the most common antifouling method, but alternatives are under searching. In this article, we report how the hydrogen peroxide could enhance the effect of chlorination to prevent fouling by inhibiting larvae settlement and abatement of mussel colonization or by extinct of them; through marine mussel Mytilus edulis. The addition of hydrogen peroxide shows synergic effect on the veliger larvae (up to 19 folds) and effectively reduces required time of mussel mortality by 8-22%. For resolution of micro- and macro-fouling caused by the marine mussel, as well as diminishing of time and conventional chlorine dose could be important factor in favour of environment and economics.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.142-146
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• 2005

In this study, the reattachment processes of small and medium size of spot of Mytilus coruscus and M. edulis were observed. The small spats (Shell length, SH, $3{\sim}7mm$) of hard shelled mussel, M. coruscus showed 100% reattachment rate within 7 minutes after the detachment of byssus thread and 100% survival rate. While large spats (SH 25 mm) showed 85% reattachment rate within 5 hours and 100% survival rate for 24 hours. The reattachment rate of M. edulis (SH 30 mm) was higher than that of M. coruscus (SH, 28 mm). The thread consisted of three identifiable structures; adhesive disc, adhesive thread and adhesive root. The adhesive disk and adhesive thread of M. coruscus were larger and thicker than those of M. edulis, whereas the thickness of adhesive root was the other way round. Further studies are required to identify the relationship between the structure of byssus thread and attachment ability. This study suggests that the sizes of spats could be an important factor in determining the timing of removing and reattaching mussel seedling for aquaculture or releasing to the sea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.893-899
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• 1996

The studies on the detoxification of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-infested blue mussels, Mytilus edulis and oyster, Crassostrea gigas were performed for using of available processing resource. Toxic blue mussel and oysters from Nampo in Masan Bay, Hachong in Koje Bay and Woepori in Koje were used for experimental samples. The toxicity of low toxic blue mussel $(A,\;84{\mu}g/100g;\;B,\;166{\mu}g/100g;\;C,\;295{\mu}g/l00g;\;D,\;557{\mu}g/100g)$ and oyster $(740{\mu}g/100g)$ were reduced below the regulation limit of PSP $(80{\mu}g/100g)$ or undetected level by mouse bioassay after boiling at $98^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and retorting at $115^{\circ}C$ for 70 min, while the toxicity of high toxic blue mussel $(E,\;8,760{\mu}g/100g)$ remained beyond the regulation limit after boiling and retorting at same condition. These results suggested that the regulation limit of PSP could be level up from $(80{\mu}g/100g)$ to about $160{\mu}g/100g$.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2014

Macro fouling due to blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) has affected negatively on the operation efficiency and eventual system failure of offshore structures and coastal power stations. A certain range of chlorine (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mg/L) was applied on the mussel larvae to identify the survival rate with respect to various exposure times under laboratory condition. The ciliary movement of the larvae was used to check their survival. The 1.0 mg/L of chlorine shows to 97% of larvae mortality whereas 0.7 mg/L of chlorine shows only 16% of larvae mortality. Minimum exposure times for 100% larvae mortality ranged from 300 to 20 min for increasing concentrations of chlorine (0.05~1.0 mg/L). It was found that 1 mg/L of chlorine was 4 times more efficient than 0.7 mg/L of that, and 15 times more than 0.05 mg/L of chlorine dose. Data collected and analyzed here will help plant operators to optimize chlorine dosage and its scheduling.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd dissolved in seawater was assessed measuring the concentrations recorded within blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after two weeks exposure period. The Pb and Cd concentration within the whole body of two testing organisms increased according to the exposure concentrations, and the such tendency was clear specially from the mussel. Maximum metal concentration reached $5,260({\pm}70)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Pb reared under 5.0 mg/L Pb, $1,040({\pm}40)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Cd reared under 1.0 mg/L Cd in the mussel, and indicated that the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd was directly related to the rearing medium concentrations. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) reached very high values for Pb (maximum value: $12,100{\pm}1,400$) in the mussel reared under lowest Pb concentration (0.01 mg/L). The BCF value for Cd in the mussel were also far higher at exposure to low Cd concentration than high Cd concentration. At higher external concentrations, the BCF for Cd and Pb declined. This demonstrated the ability of two testing organisms to rapidly uptake heavy metals particularly when exposed to low external concentration. The mean Pb concentration was slightly higher in the gill of mussel than in the digestive gland, while Cd showed a higher level in the digestive gland than in the gill.