• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2015

We investigate the temperature dependence of the phosphor conversion efficiency (PCE) of the phosphor material used in a white light-emitting diode (LED) consisting of a blue LED chip and yellow phosphor. The temperature dependence of the wall-plug efficiency (WPE) of the blue LED chip and the PCE of phosphor are separately determined by analyzing the measured spectrum of the white LED sample. As the ambient temperature increases from 20 to $80^{\circ}C$, WPE and PCE decrease by about 4.5% and 6%, respectively, which means that the contribution of the phosphor to the thermal characteristics of white LEDs can be more important than that of the blue LED chip. When PCE is decomposed into the Stokes-shift efficiency and the phosphor quantum efficiency (QE), it is found that the Stokes-shift efficiency is only weakly dependent on temperature, while the QE decreases rapidly with temperature. From 20 to $80^{\circ}C$ the phosphor QE decreases by about 7% while the Stokes-shift efficiency changes by less than 1%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.249-252
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• 1997

Electroluminescence(EL) devices based on organic thin layers have attracted lot of interests because of their possible application as large-area display-emitting display. One of the problems of such devices is lifetime of the cell, where the degradation of the cell is partially due to the crystalliyzation of organic layers. In large part, this problem can be solved by using a multilayer device structure prepared by vapor deposition technique. In this study, blue light-emitting multilayer organic electroluminescence devices were fabricated vsing Poly (9-vinylcarbaEole) (PVK) and 2- (4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4$^{#}$-bis-phenyl) 1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBO) as hole trasport and electron transport material, respectively, where trim(8-hyd roxyquinolinate) aluminum (Al $q_3$) was used as a luminescenct material. A cell structure of glass sub- strate/indume-tin-oxide(ITO)/PCK/Al $q_3$/PBD/Mg:In was employed. Blue emission peak at 510nm was observed with this cell structure.e.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.208-211
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• 2009

The authors have demonstrated the various characteristics of hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (HWOLED) using fluorescent blue and phosphorescent red emitters. We also demonstrated that two devices showed different characteristics in accordance with thickness of the 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) spacer (CS) inserted between the blue and the red emitting layer. It was found that the device with a CS thickness of 70 $\AA$ showed a current efficiency 2.5 times higher than that of the control device with a CS thickness of 30 $\AA$ by preventing the triplet Dexter energy transfer from the red to the blue emitting layer. The HWOLED with the CS thickness of 70 $\AA$ exhibited a maximum luminance of 24500 cd/$m^2$, a maximum current efficiency of 42.9 cd/A, a power efficiency of 37.5 lm/W, and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.37, 0.42).

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.218-221
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• 2007

High-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes(WOLEDs) were fabricated with two emissive layers and an blocking layer was sandwiched between two phosphorescent dopants, bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III(FIrpic) as the blue emission and a newly synthesized red phosphorescent material guest, bis(5-acetyl-2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2') acetylacetonate($(acppy)_2Ir(acac)$). This blocking layer prevented a T-T annihilation in a red emissive layer, and balanced with blue and red emission as blocking of hole carriers. The white device showed Commission Internationale d'Eclairage($CIE_{x,y}$) coordinates of (0.317, 0.425) at 22400 $cd/m^2$, a maximum luminance of 27300 $cd/m^2$ at 268 $mA/cm^2$, a maximum luminous efficiency and power efficiency of 26.9 cd/A and 18.6 lm/W.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

We synthesized bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(triphenylsiloxy) aluminum (III) (SAlq), a blue-emitting material having a high luminous efficiency, through a homogeneous-phase reaction. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra of SAlq show two peaks at 454 nm and 477 nm. Efficient white light-emitting devices are fabricated by doping SAlq with a red fluorescent dye of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-{2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[i,j]quinolizin-8yl) vinyl}-4H-pyran (DCM2). The incomplete energy transfer from blue-emitting SAlq to red-emitting DCM2 results in light-emission of both blue and orange colors. Devices with the structure of ITO/TPD (50 nm)/SAlq:DCM2 (30 nm, 0.5 %)/$Alq_3$ (20 nm)/LiF (0.5 nmj/Al show EL peaks at 456 nm and 482 nm originating from SAlq and at 570 nm from DCM2, resulting in the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.32, 0.37). The device exhibits an external quantum efficiency of about 2.3 % and a luminous efficiency of about 2.41m/W at 100 $cd/m^2$. A maximum luminance of about 23,800 $cd/m^2$ is obtained at the bias voltage of 15 V.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.173-179
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• 2004

The influence of heavily Si impurity doping in the GaN barrier of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structures of blue light emitting diodes were investigated by growing samples in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The delta-doped sample was compared to the sample with the undoped barrier. The delta-doped sample shows the tunneling behavior and forms the energy level of 0.32 eV for tunneling and the photoemission of the 450-nm band. The photo-luminescence shows the blue-shifted broad band of the radiative transition due to the inclusion of Si delta-doped layer indicating that the delta doping effect acts to form the higher energy level than that of quantum well. The dislocation may provide the carrier tunneling channel and plays as a source of acceptor. During the tunneling of hot carrier, there was no light emission.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2001

In this study, blue light emiting, soluble PPV copolymers were synthesized by Witting reaction and characterized. ITO/copolymer/Ca and ITO/copolymer/A1 structured light emitting diodes(LED) were fabricated and their I-V characteristics were examined. Copolymers showed $\pi$-$\pi$ transition in UV-Vis./NIR spectra. The PL and abosorption spectrum showed the symmetric vibration modes with mirror images which means that copolymers are highly aligned. By introducing aliphatic hydrocarbon group on polymer main chain, the solubility of copolymers was improved and no significant effects of substituent were observed. The band offset of copolymers are well suited as light emitting material for LED application than monomer or oligomer does. THe band offset of copolymers is ∼3eV in PL spectrum and the threshold voltages of ITO/copolymer/Ca and ITO/copolymer/Al structured LED 3V, 12V respectively. In the case of ITO/copolymer/Ca LED, it is believed that the amount of electrons and holes is well balanced and the recombination of opposite charges occurs easily because the work functions of Ca and Al electrodes are 2.9 and 4.3eV respectively and the difference in barrier height between polymer and electrode was small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.473-474
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• 2005

Blue-emitting polymers containing carbazole units In main chains were synthesized by palladium catalyzed polycondensation of aniline with dibromo-substituted monomers such as 3,6-dibromocarbazole, N-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dibromocarbazole, and bis[6-bromo-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-3-yl], respectively. All synthesized polymers exhibited relatively good solubility in common organic solvents, considerable molecular weights and high resistance to thermal degradation. From UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these solution-processable polymers, $\lambda_{max,UV}$ were in the range of 290 ~ 340 nm and $\lambda_{max,PL}$ were in the blue emission range of 440 ~ 478 nm, The polymers had HOMO energy (-5.19 ~ -5.64 eV) and wide band gap energy (2,91 - 3.42 eV).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.1070-1073
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• 2004

In this study, Tri(1-phenylpyrazolato)iridium $(Ir(ppz)_3)$ was prepared for the pure blue phosphorescent dopant and various host materials were used for the appropriate energy alignment. Although the luminance was pure blue with the CIE coordinates of x = 0.158, y = 0.139, device efficiencies didn't improve yet. Instead of finding the proper host materials, the alteration of structure of OLEDs affected the improvement of electrical and optical characteristics of the devices. It was worthy that insertion the exciton formation zone with the host material between the emitting zone and the exciton blocking layer. The device with a structure of ITO/NPB/Ir(ppz)3 doped in CBP/CBP for the exciton formation zone/BCP/Liq/Al was fabricated and the characteristics were observed compared with the devices without the exciton formation zone. When CBP was used for the exciton formation zone, the device efficiency reached to over 0.25 cd/A. While the device used CBP only for the host showed the luminous efficiency of under 0.11 cd/A

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.566-569
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• 1999

The blue emitting BAM Phosphor Particles with various compositions were Prepared by the spray Pyrolysis. The effect of composition on the morphology of BAM particles was Investigated. In the case of BaMgAl$_{10}$ /O$_{22}$ : Eu$^{2+}$, the morphology of particles with sphericity and non-aggregation characteristics disappeared after post-treatment at 1400 $^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. On the other hand, the ocher composition particles except BaMgAl$_{10}$ /O$_{22}$ : Eu$^{2+}$ maintained their original morphology after post-treatment, even if the particles were prepared at low temperatures in the spray pryrolysis. The BAM particles with MgAl$_{2}$/O$_4$as intermediate material at low post-treatment temperature had high thermal stability and maintained sphericity of particles after post-treatment. All the samples had main omission peak at 450 nm, which corresponds to blue emission. The optimum post-treatment temperature of BAM:Eu$^{2+}$ particles for the maximum PL(photoluminescence) intensity in the spray pylolysis was 1200 $^{\circ}C$ because of high crystallinity, Phase-Purity, and good morphology.ology.