• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2022

Two-photon fluorescence microscopy was performed on the enamel-dentin junction area of a human tooth using a femtosecond pulsed laser. We obtained a clear image contrast between the bright dentin and dark tubules with the autofluorescence generated from the endogenous fluorophores in dentin. The autofluorescence shows a broad spectrum due to complex cross links between dentinal collagens, which extend from blue to orange wavelengths (470-590 nm), but a gradual autofluorescence loss in photobleaching was observed for a long-term exposure under strong excitation. For increasing excitation power, we found that two-step decay becomes significant in the spectrally integrated autofluorescence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of Schizandrae fructus water extract. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter and pressure tranducer in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 hours to 2 hours and a half through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as followed. Schizandrae fructus increased the changes of rCBF in rats significantly. The rCBF of Schizandrae fructus did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the rCBF of Schizandrae fructus was increased by pretreated methylene blue. Schizandrae fructus decreased the changes of BP, significantly. The BP of Schizandrae fructus did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the BP of Schizandrae fructus was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. There results indicated that Schizandrae fructus can increase the rCBF and decrease the BP, that is related to guanylyl cyclase activity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.228-239
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• 2000

1. Purpose : For many years, Soumin Seonghyangjeongkisan(少陰人 星香正氣散, SJ) has been used in Sasang(四象) constitutional medicine as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effects of SJ on the vascular system is not well-know. The purpose of this study is to make it clear the effects of SJ and composing drugs on blood pressure(BP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). 2. Method : We measured BP with Pressure Transducer, rCBF with Laser-Doppler flowmeter. Propranolo and methylene blue were used to determine the mechanisms of SJ effects. 3. Results and Conclusion : BP was not affected by SJ in rats, and rCBF was significantly increased by SJ in rats. rCBF was increased by Folium Perillae(蘇葉), Rhizoma Atractylodis(蒼朮), Pericarpium Arecae(大腹皮) and Rhizoma Arisaematic(南星), but decreased by Radix Saussurea(木香) in rats. The increase of rCBF is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$ and guanylyl cyclase which is enzyme producing cyclic GMP.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.216-227
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• 2000

1. Purpose For many years, Taeumin Chungsimyoinjatang(太陰人 淸心蓮子湯, CS) has been used in Sasang(四象) constitutional medicine as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effects of CS on the vascular system is not well-known. The purpose of this study is to make it clear the effects of SJ and composing drugs on blood pressure(BP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). 2. Method We measured BP with Pressure Transducer, rCBF with Laser-Doppler flowmeter. Propranolol and methylene blue were used to determine the mechanisms of CS effects. 3. Results and Conclusion BP was not affected by CS in rats, and rCBF was significantly increased by CS in rats. rCBF was increased by Nelumbinis Semen(蓮于肉), Ophiopogonis Radix(麥門冬), Asparagi Radix(天門冬), Polygalae Radix(遠志), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen(酸棗仁), Longnae Arillus(龍眼肉), Raphani Semen, Chrysanthemi Flos(甘菊) in rats. The increase of rCBF is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}$- receptor and guanylyl cyclase which is enzyme producing cyclic GMP.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of Nelumbo nucifera water extract. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter and pressure transducer in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for about 2 to 2 and half hours through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The results of this experiment were as follows. Nelumbo nucifera significantly increased the changes of rCBF in rats. The rCBF of Nelumbo nucifera was not changed by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the rCBF of Nelumbo nucifera was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. Nelumbo nucifera decreased the BP significantly. The BP of Nelumbo nucifera was not changed by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the BP of Nelumbo nucifera was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. These results indicated that Nelumbo nucifera might increase the rCBF and decrease the BP which related to guanylyl cyclase activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.701-706
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• 2002

CheonghunHwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTS was CHT adding Schizonepetae Herba. The effects of CHTS on the cerebral blood flow and blood pressure is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHTS on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(BP), action-mechanism of CHTS-induced changed-rCBF and BP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHTS extract was increased significantly rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed BP compared with CHTS non-treated group. Pretreatment with propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue were inhibited CHTS induced increase of rCBF, propranolol(all CHTS-treated group) and indomethacin(CHTS 0.01 mg/kg) of them were significantly decreased. Pretreatment with propranonol and indomethacin were inhibited CHTS induced increase of BP, but pretreated with methylene blue was significantly accelerated BP in high dosage. This results suggest that CHTS increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter and the action of CHTS is also mediated by adrenergic β -receptor and cyclooxygenase.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.175-178
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• 2010

A transmission type color filter based on a thin film Ag-$SiO_2$-Ag etalon was proposed and realized in a quartz substrate. The device could acquire infrared suppressed transmission and wide effective area compared to costly e-beam lithography and laser interference lithography. The FDTD method was introduced to take into account the effect of the dispersion characteristics of the silver metal and the thickness thereof. Three different color filters were devised: The cavity length for the red, green and blue filters were 160 nm, 130 nm, and 100 nm respectively, with the metal layer unchanged at 25 nm. The observed center wavelengths were measured at 650 nm, 555 nm, and 480 nm for the red, green, and blue devices; the corresponding bandwidths were about 120 nm, 100 nm, and 120 nm; and the peak transmission for all was ~60%. Finally the relative transmission was measured to decline with the angle of the incident beam with the rate of 1%/degree.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.170-175
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• 2010

The effect of carbon dioxide addition on soot formation was investigated in jet diffusion flames in coflow. Flame temperature were measured with R-type thermocouple and the boundary temperature between blue and yellow flame was confirmed. Light-extinction method was introduced for the relative soot density (1-I/$I_0$) in the in-flame region. He-Ne laser with wave length at 632.8 nm was used for the light source, and the signal attenuated by absorption and scattering was detected directly. Oxidizer velocity effect on soot formation was studied to know that the thermal influence for soot formation. The results showed that the temperature of both blue and yellow flame were decreased according to the dilution of carbon dioxide but boundary temperature was nearly constant. The relative soot density was lower when carbon dioxide was added in oxidizer stream and oxidizer velocity increased. These were caused by the reduction of flame temperature and shorter residence time for soot growth. Also carbon dioxide addition enhanced the instability of jet flames like flickering, so the flame length was a little longer than pure ethylene/air flame.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

This study was penonned to provide basic data that predict the usefulness of Gastrodiae rhizoma as food materials for oriental medicinal cuisine(YakSun). We measured the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of Gastrodiae rhizoma water extract The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter and pressure transducer in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for about two to two and half hours through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The results of this experiment were as follows. Gastrodiae rhizoma increased the changes of rCBF in rats significantly. The rCBF of Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropin, methylene blue and indomethacin. But the rCBF of Gastrodiae rhizoma was increased by pretreated L-NNA. Gastrodiae rhizaoma decreased the changes of BP significantly. The BP of Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropin, methylene blue and indomethacin. But the BP of Gastrodiae rhizoma was decreased by pretreated L-NNA. These results indicated that Gastrodiae rhizoma might increase the rCBF and the BP which related to nitric oxide synthesis. Also these results indicate that Gastrodiae rhizoma can be used as a safe and clinically applicable to diet therapy of cerebral cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1224-1230
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• 2003

The purpose of this present study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats. following the intravenous injection of drug. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) and pressure tranducer(Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats about for 2h to 2h and a half through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as following. 1. Fructus Schizandrae increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. 2. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated propranolol. 3. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated atropine. 4. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated I-NNA. 5. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. 6. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated indomethacin. 7. Fructus Schizandrae decreased the changes of blood pressure significantly. 8. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated propranolol. 9. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated atropine. 10. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did nol change by pretreated I-NNA. 11. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. 12. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated indomethacin. These results indicate that Fructus Schizandrae can increase the rCBF and decrease the BP, that related to guanylyl cyclase activity.