• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.902-916
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the clinical research on antihypertensive effects of Korean herbal medicines that function by inducing diuresis. Methods: Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, Cinii, Oasis, KISS, NDSL, RISS, DBPia, with the keywords "利水", "利尿", "高血壓", "hypertension", and "lishui." The search range included only randomized controlled trials that verified the effects of Korean herbal medicine interventions on hypertension. The selected studies were assessed by risk of bias (RoB). Results: 26 reports were selected from a total of 532 identified. For these reports, meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. From this analysis, it was observed that the combined treatment of Korean medicine and antihypertensive drugs had a significantly higher total effective rate (TER) and improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than did the use of a single antihypertensive drug. The risk ratio of TER for lowering blood pressure was 1.25. The mean differences of SBP, DBP were -19.63 mm Hg (95% confidential interval (CI), -22.45 mm Hg, -16.80 mm Hg, p<0.00001), and -5.39 mm Hg (95% CI, -7.36 mm Hg, -3.42 mm Hg, p<0.00001) respectively. The use of Korean medicine only did not improve blood pressure, as compared to the use of an antihypertensive drug. Most of items of RoB were unclear, and the methodological quality was low. Conclusions: The combination of antihypertensive drugs and Korean medical treatment can effectively improve SBP, DBP, and TER. This finding could be widely utilized in clinical practice in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2009

Background : Almost people know hypertension's treatment is taking western medicine. But korean herbal medicine(KHM) also have an effect of turning down blood pressure. Objectives : This study aims to review the influence of KHM on hypertension in korean internal medicine's studies systematically. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change of data of hypertension and let people know a possibility of herbal treatment on hypertension. Methods : Systematic studies searches were performed on one database of korean internal medicine to November 2009. Screening and selection of the studies and extraction of data were performed by one author. Results : Twelve studies were included. All studies were performed retrospectively. Almost studies's object were hypertensive rats. Two studies's object were rabbits and only one study's object was hopitalized patients. Blood pressure and pulse was changed significantly after taking KHM in almost studies, and rest of items, aldosterone, catecholamine, electro, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effect, renin activity were changed significantly after taking KHM. Conclusions : KHM might have an effect of lowering blood pressure, but almost studies's object were animals, so it is necessary to investigate an effect of KHM for people.

• Integrative Medicine Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2018

Background: Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and associated mortality, and postmenopausal women are at a high risk of hypertension. We aim to investigate the hypotensive effect and safety of acupuncture, focusing on postmenopausal women with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. In addition, we aim to investigate whether the effect of acupuncture treatment differed, depending on Sasang Constitution and cold-heat pattern. Methods: This study is designed as an intervention cohort study. Two hundred postmenopausal women aged <65 years with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension living in Daejeon city in Korea will be recruited, and randomly assigned to either an acupuncture or no-treatment control group. The intervention will consist of four sessions; one session will include acupuncture performed 10 times for 4 weeks. There will be a 20-week observation period after each session, and the total study duration will be 96 weeks. Acupuncture will be applied at the bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36), and Sameumgyo (SP6) acupoints. The effect of acupuncture will be evaluated by comparing the change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the acupuncture and control groups every 4 weeks until the end of the study. Discussion: To evaluate the success of blood pressure management, long-term observation is required, but no long-term studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on blood pressure in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, this study will be the first long-term study to investigate this issue for more than 6-8 weeks.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 1987

To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among the aged in urban area, the blood pressure was examined on the subjects of 565 men and 762 women of 65 years old and older among the residents of Nam-Ku and Soosung-Ku in Taegu between January and December, 1986. The mean systolic blood pressure was $136.0{\pm}25.01mmHg$ in male and $133.0{\pm}24.56mmHg$ in female. The mean diastolic blood pressure was $83.7{\pm}14.41mmHg$ in male and $82.4{\pm}14.43mmHg$ in female. There was no significant differences between male and female in both mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. According to WHO category, the prevalence of pure systolic hypertension (${\geq}$160/<95mmHg) was 7.8% in male and 6.8% in female. The prevalence of pure diastolic hypertension(<160/${\geq}$95mmHg) was 6.0% in male and 3.9% in female. The prevalence of both systolic and diastolic hypertension (${\geq}160/{\geq}95mmHg$) was 13.5% in male and 12.9% in female. According to joint National Committee category, the percentage of normal blood pressure (/<90mmHg) was 46.7% in male and 50.8% in female. The prevalence of mild hypertension (/90=104mmHg) was 34.5% in male and 34.6% in female. The prevalance of moderate hypertension (/105=144mmHg) was 5.1% in male and 2.5% in female. The prevalence of severe hypertension (/${\geq}$115mmHg) was 2.3% in male and 3.0% in female. The prevalence of borderline isolated systolic hypertension (140-159/<90mmHg) was 9.0% in male and 6.6% in female. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (${\geq}$160/<90mmHg) was 2.3% in male and 2.5% in female.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic disease management program based on clinics for blood pressure control or glycemic control in patients with hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus in Incheon. Methods: An observational follow up study was done on 11,501 patients registrated at clinics from January 1st to December 31st, 2010 in Incheon. Experience of education and mandatory laboratory tests were assessed with the registration data and income status was identified by National Health Insurance data. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were derived from logistic regression models. Results: The experience of education has a positive effect for blood pressure control in the non-control group with hypertension at the time of registration (Odds ratio 1.357, confidence intervals: 1.112~1.655). The experience of mandatory laboratory tests has a positive effect for blood pressure control in the control group with hypertension at the time of registration (Odds ratio 1.738, confidence intervals: 1.387~2.178). But the effects of the experience of education and mandatory laboratory test in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were not identified. Conclusions: This study revealed the relationship between the experience of education or mandatory laboratory testing and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.576-586
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-management program applying Dongsasub training based on self-efficacy theory, and to verify the program effectiveness on self-esteem as well as self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, and blood pressure. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent, pre-post controlled quasi-experiment study. Thirty-eight patients aged 65 and older from a senior welfare center in Seoul participated in this study (20 patients in the experimental group and 18 patients in the control group). The self-management program applying Dongsasub training consisted of eight sessions. After development was complete the program was used with the experimental group. Outcome variables included self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-management behaviors measured by questionnaires, and blood pressure measured by electronic manometer. Results: Self-efficacy (t=2.42, p=.021), self-esteem (t=2.57, p=.014) and self-management behaviors (t=2.21, p=.034) were significantly higher and systolic blood pressure (t=-2.14, p=.040) was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, diastolic blood pressure (t=-.85, p=.400) was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the self-management program applying Dongsasub training can be used as a nursing intervention in community settings for improving self-management behaviors for older adults with hypertension.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2010

Epidemiological evidence of the effects of dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and anthropometric indexes on blood pressure is still inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between dietary factors or anthropometric indexes and hypertension risk, we examined the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with sodium, calcium, and potassium intakes and anthropometric indexes in 19~49-year-olds using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III. Total of 2,761 young and middle aged adults (574 aged 19~29 years and 2,187 aged 30~49 years) were selected from KNHANES III. General information, nutritional status, and anthropometric data were compared between two age groups (19~29 years old and 30~49 years old). The relevance of blood pressure and risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and the intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models showed that waist circumference, weight, and BMI were positively associated with SBP and DBP in both age groups. Sodium and potassium intakes were not associated with either SBP or DBP. Among 30~49-year-olds, calcium was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Our findings suggest that encouraging calcium consumption and weight control may play an important role in the primary prevention and management of hypertension in early adulthood.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2013

Objective : Several studies have reported the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hypertension (HTN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PTSD symptoms on blood pressure. Methods : Korean veterans of the Vietnam War with (n=62) or without PTSD (n=87) participated in this study. The clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS) and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) were applied. Blood pressure, pulse rate, risk factors of HTN and demographic data of the subjects were collected. Effects of potential explanatory variables on HTN were analyzed with logistic regression. Results : Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in PTSD group (p=0.015). However, PTSD subjects showed significantly lower pulse rate than non-PTSD subjects (p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that avoidance symptom might be a predictor for hypertension (OR=1.065, p=0.030). Conclusion : These results suggest that PTSD, especially avoidance symptom, might be a risk factor on HTN in the elderly with PTSD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the change of blood pressure according to the clinical improvement of PTSD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.336-343
• /
• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to address whether the in vivo noradrenergic neural activities in the locus coeruleus are related to the development of hypertension. Two groups of the animals were prepared, 1) young SHR and 2) age-matched normotensive control, WKY. At the age of 6 weeks, blood pressure and the releases of NE and DOPEG from the locus coeruleus in young SHR and WKY were measured by in vivo microdialysis at two different conditions; 1) normal and 2) elevated state of blood pressure by systemically injected phenylephrine. Basal releases of NE and OOPEG from the locus coeruleus were $0.415 \pm$0.089 pg/20 min and $1.311 \pm0.293$ pg/20 min in SHR and $0.204\pm0.078$ pg/20 min and $1.472\pm 0.365$ pg/20 min in WKY The basal release of NE of SHR was significantly greater than that of WKY. Phenylephrine treatment caused elevation of blood pressure in both SHR and WKY in dose-dependent manner. Following phenylephrine injection, the releases of NE and DOPEG from the locus coeruleus of SHR were significantly decreased, whereas there was no significant changes of NE in WKY. The results from the present study suggests that the noradrenergic nervous system in the locus coeruleus may contribute as one of the triggering factors for the expression of hypertension in young SHR.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review clinical trials using Qigong exercise on patients with hypertension and to assess their methodology and results. Methods : Electronic literature searches for clinical trials (randomized trial, non-randomized trial, before-after study) of Qigong exercise were performed in 21 electronic databases (5 international databases and 16 Korean databases). English, Korean or Chinese articles were included. Laboratory or animal studies were excluded. Results : A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five randomized controlled trials, Four non-randomized trials and two before-after studies were included. Seven studies used self-developed Qigong exercise. Two studies used Guolin Qigong exercise and two studies used Qigong exercise with an anti-hypertension drug. Of the nine randomized trials or non-randomized trials, four studies used an anti-hypertension drug control and three studies used waiting list controls. Compared to baseline, a change in blood pressure after the Qigong exercise treatment was significant in all studies. However, the results effect of blood pressure between Qigong exercise and controlled trials were not consistent. Conclusions : There are low-quality clinical trials of Qigong exercise for hypertension. To evaluate the effects of Qigong exercise, more rigorous trials are warranted.