• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2010

Lead (Pb) is a metal that is generally considered to be toxic to the cardiovascular system. Pb-exposed animals display the evidence of increased oxidative stress and hypertension. The current study was designed to examine whether Korean red ginseng (KRG) has protective effects against Pb-induced hypertension and oxidative stress in Pb-exposed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Pb exposure or control groups. KRG was administered in drinking water at a concentration of 100 mg/kg/day; the control group received plain drinking water. Animals in the Pb-exposed groups were provided with drinking water containing 100 ppm Pb acetate for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, plasma glutathione, blood Pb concentration, and hematologic data, such as red blood cell quantity, were determined. Pb poisoning was assessed by measuring the blood Pb concentration. Pb exposure (100 ppm) for 12 weeks resulted in a marked rise in systolic blood pressure and blood Pb concentration, as well as a significant reduction in plasma glutathione levels and red blood cell quantity. Other measurements, such as heart rate, body weight, and white blood cell quantity, were unchanged. Treatment with KRG significantly lowered blood pressure, raised plasma glutathione and increased red blood cell numbers in Pb-exposed animals; it also had no effect on heart rate, body weight, or white blood cell quantity. However, the elevated blood Pb concentration was not reduced by treatment with KRG (100 mg/kg). Taken together, these data indicate that treatment with KRG in Pb-exposed animals can reduce oxidative stress and lower blood pressure, suggesting that KRG might be protective against Pb-exposed hypertension and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.495-504
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• 2000

Objective : To assess the relationship and prevalence rate among hypertension, dyslipidemia and the four commenest anthropometric measurements for obesity(body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), waist circumference(WC) and body fat) in Korean adults. Methods : We studied the cross-sectional association of the anthropometric indicies and hypertension, dyslipidemia in 70 Korean adults. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ${\ge}160/95$mmHg and classification of JNC IV, Dyslipidemia were defined as total cholesterol ${\ge}200$ mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol ${le}35$ mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol ${\ge}160$ mg/dl, triglyceride ${\ge}200$ mg/dl. Infromations on life-style factors were obtained from personal interview. Results : BMI and WHR, BMI and WC, BMI and Fat(%), WHR and WC, WC and Fat(%) had high partial correlation coefficients after age adjustment. BMI and Systolic Blood Pressure had r=0.385 coefficients, WHR and HDL-cholesterol had r=-0.360 coefficients. All four anthropomtric indicies and hypertenstion groups by JNC IV classsification had signifiant differences in women, but only fat(%) and hypertension had significant difference in men. In women, in the relationship of four anthropomtric indicies and serum lipids, total cholesterol ${\ge}200$ mg/dl group with fat(%) had a signifiant difference for normal cholesterol group, and also the group of HDL-cholesterol ${\le}$ mg/dl with WC had significance. But in men, there were no significant differences in all anthropomtric indicies and serum lipids groups. Conclusions : Korean women are more significant than Korean men in the relationship between anthropometric indicies and serum lipids, or blood pressure. But this study's samples are small, so the results are some different with results of other studies. We should study more specifically about anthropometric indicies and serum lipids, anthropometric indicies and blood pressure with many samples.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is analysing the influence of how health behavior such as smoking, drinking, and consuming salt and obesity affects to blood pressure and providing useful data for preventing ischemic heart disease of Peru which is main cause of death since 2012 and promoting healthy lifestyle of community. Methods: At the selected four districts in Lima and Callao region of Peru by KOICA Peru office, survey was conducted among adults over the age of 18. Excepted 19 incomplete people for the missing, 686 people were analysed in this survey. Results: There was no significant relationship between blood pressure and drinking and salt intake. By regression analysis, systolic blood pressure was significantly related with gender, age and abdominal obesity and diastolic blood pressure was significantly related with gender and abdominal obesity. Conclusions: As a result, diastolic and systolic blood pressure are mainly affected by waist circumference and gender. Therefore, It's need to be classifying male into vulnerable groups in the occurrence of hypertension and providing health education and information about hypertension to them. For improving health status of vulnerable group, awareness of hypertension prevention and changing unhealthy lifestyle to healthy lifestyle activities are necessary. In the end, it is necessary to prevent abdominal obesity through periodic health education.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.51.1-51.15
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• 2023

Background: Recently, there has been increasing worldwide concern about outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), which has been extensively researched for its harmful effects on the respiratory system. However, sufficient research on its effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, remains lacking. In this study, we examine the associations between PM levels and hypertension and hypothesize that higher PM concentrations are associated with elevated blood pressure. Methods: A total of 133,935 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the short- (1-14 days), medium- (1 and 3 months), and long-term (1 and 2 years) impacts of PM on blood pressure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of PM on blood pressure elevation after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, health-related lifestyle behaviors, and geographic areas. Results: Using multiple linear regression analyses, both crude and adjusted models generated positive estimates, indicating an association with increased blood pressure, with all results being statistically significant, with the exception of PM levels over the long-term period (1 and 2 years) in non-hypertensive participants. In the logistic regression analyses on non-hypertensive participants, moderate PM₁₀ (particulate matter with diameters < 10 ㎛) and PM_2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 ㎛) levels over the long-term period and all high PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 levels were statistically significant after adjusting for various covariates. Notably, high PM_2.5 levels of the 1 year exhibited the highest odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.28) after adjustment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to PM is associated with blood pressure elevation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1505-1511
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• 2004

Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity is one of the common antihypertensive methods functioned by drugs such as captopril, lisinopril and enalapril to serve as inhibitors of ACE. This study was designed to compare the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and GLM002, an oriental medicine, on tail systolic pressure, aorta and plasma properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 4 weeks of treatment. During the treatment, blood pressure was depressed to normal in GLM002 and enalapril groups. The treatments of enalapril and GLM002 were discontinued in 4 weeks. One week after the treatment stop, systolic blood pressure was smoothly increased in both groups; the increment of blood pressure was slightly greater in GLM002-SHR, but the increment of plasma ACE activity was proportionately similar in each group. In the aspects of the triglyceride, HDL and total cholesterol level, those levels were slightly different among each group. We also conducted clinical dosage of GLM002 to the patients who have mild and severe hypertension for approximately 7 weeks. Clinical treatments also showed remarkable efficiencies on blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), complete blood count (CBC) routine, differ count (NEUTRO, LYM, MONO, EOS and BASO) and R-chemistry. We conclude that GLM002, like already proven enalapril, plays a role as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and can be suggested as a drug candidate for curing hypertension.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2021

Background: Regular doctor visits are vital for hypertension patients, especially for who have never received hypertension medication or non-pharmacologic therapy. This study purposed to study factors affecting outpatient visits for patients diagnosed with hypertension. Methods: This study included 59,009 respondents with hypertension over 30 from 2019 Community Health Survey data. Outpatient visits were defined by having hypertension treatments such as medication or non-pharmacologic therapy. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors affecting outpatient visits using SAS ver. 9.3. Results: 57,081(96.73%) patients with hypertension were identified as those having a outpatient visit for hypertension treatments, whereas 1,928(3.27%) patients did not have visits. Patient's characteristics such as gender, age, periods of hypertension, education level, perception of the blood pressure, hypertension management education, place of living, body mass index, depression and diabetes were found to have statistically significant relationship with the outpatient visits. Practical Implications: There is a need to select patients with high blood pressure who are unlikely to visit for hypertension treatments based on the study results. For those, establishing a personalized management plan such as health education and counseling programs will be helpful for the successful implementation of national chronic disease management program.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-paced walking exercises in elderly women with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Thirty-eight elderly women with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia (16 hypertension, 11 hyperglycemia, 11 hypercholesterolemia), aged between 65 and 80, were invited to participate in this study. Each subject participated in a self-paced walking exercise five times a week for twelve weeks from 26 June to 16 September 2006. The changes between pre- and post-exercise were analyzed using the analysis of a paired t-test with the SPSS version 12.0 package program. There were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (p<.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p<.05), blood glucose(p<.05), and cholesterol in the blood (p<.01). These results show that self-paced walking exercises may be helpful in treating elderly women with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 1996

Blood pressure distribution of adolescents and its several related factors including obesity were investigated through blood pressure measuring by automated oscillometric method, anthropometry, and questionnaire. Subjects were 480 female and 480 male middle school students living in Taejon. Mean values of systolic(SBP)/diastolic(DNP) blood pressure of male and female students were 118.4$\pm$11.0/69.5$\pm$9.6 mmHg and 116.9$\pm$10.4/69.5$\pm$8.6 mmHg, respectively. Their blood pressures, particularly SBP, increased with age and showed higher value in the males than in the females. All frequency distributions of SBP and DBP, by sex and age, showed normal curves and their 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were presented. As obese index increased, both SBP and DBP were elevated and the prevalence of hypertension which was classified by Task Force Report(1987) increased, particularly in male students. Body weight and BMI were positively correlated with both SBP and DBP, and hight was also positively correlated with SBP or DBP. Our data inicated that blood pressure and hypertension prevalence of adolescents tended to increase and various internal and external environmental factors affected them. It was emphasized that blood pressure measurement should be done in every medical examination of adolescents and the nationwide Korean standard of blood pressure for adolescents have to be prepared. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 178-188, 1996)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between refined grain consumption by subtype and the incidence of hypertension from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 5,018 participants (2,439 men and 2,579 women) from 40 to 69 years without hypertension were recruited at the beginning (2001-2002). Blood pressure and antihypertensive medication use were assessed biennially for the incidence of hypertension during the 8-year follow-up period (2009-2010). Hypertension was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure ${\geq}140mmHg$ or diastolic blood pressure ${\geq}90mmHg$ or antihypertensive medication use. Dietary intake including refined grains was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and the follow-up (2005-2006). A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident hypertension according to refined-grain consumption. RESULTS: A total of 1,377 cases of hypertension (710 men and 667 women) were newly ascertained. Frequent noodle consumers (${\geq}5servings/week$) among the women had a 2.3-fold higher risk of hypertension than infrequent noodle consumers after adjustment for potential confounders (HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.33-4.01, P for trend = 0.0001). However, no significant association was found among the men. The intake of other refined grain products such as white rice and breads was not associated with the incidence of hypertension. CONCLUSION: Frequent noodle consumption was positively associated with a risk of incident hypertension in South Korean women.