• 약학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-51
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• 1984

After pretreatment with ginseng followed by induction of acute intoxication of alcohol, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(Ald DH) increased respectively compared to the groups treated with alcohol alone. In case that ginseng was given to rats fed with 5% alcohol instead of water for 60 days, the activities of ADH and MEOS increased compared to the groups treated. On the contrary, the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to an extent of about 35% in chronic alcoholism, but after pretreatment of ginseng the activity was restored to the control level. On the other hand, the catalase activity was not significantly affected by either treatment. Ginseng butanol fraction significantly increased the serum isocitrate dehydrogenase activity which is inhibited by alcohol-treated in rat. Alcohol-induced lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased to control level in liver by ginseng treatment. And the serum level of lactic acid also decreased by ginseng treatment in alcohol-intoxicated rat. Ginseng butanol fraction markedly decreased the xanthine oxidase activity in the ethanol-treated rat liver. It was also observed that ginseng reduced the blood concentration of uric acid on experimentally reduced hyperuricemia by alcohol treatment. Uricase activity was not affected by either treatment. Ginseng butanol fraction decreased the hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity which was induced by alcohol-treated rat. These results suggest that the treatment with ginseng can be promoted the recovery from alcohol intoxication and some therapeutic effect on alcoholinduced metabolic disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2006

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic or inorganic acid supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts of weanling pigs. In growth trial (Exp I), a total of 100 crossbred pigs ({$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$}${\times}$Duroc), weaned at $23{\pm}2$ days of age and $7.25{\pm}0.10kg$ average initial body weight (BW), were allotted to 5 treatments by body weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Three different organic acids (fumaric [FUA], formic [FOA] or lactic acid [LAA]) and one inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid [SHA]) were supplemented to each treatment diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. During 0-3 wk, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F ratio) were not significantly different among treatments. However, pigs fed LAA or SHA diet showed improved ADG by 15 or 13% respectively and 12% greater ADFI in both treatments compared to CON diets. Moreover, compared to organic acid treatments, better ADG (p = 0.07) and ADFI (p = 0.09) were observed in SHA diet compared to pigs that were fed the diet containing organic acids (FUA, FOA or LAA). However, during 4-5 wk, no differences in ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were observed among treatments. Overall, ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were not affected by acidifier supplementation. Although it showed no significant difference, pigs fed LAA or SHA diets showed numerically higher ADG and ADFI than pigs fed other treatments. In metabolic trial (Exp II), 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of acidifier supplementation on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was not improved by acidifier supplementation. Although the amount of fecal-N excretion was not different among treatments, that of urinary-N excretion was reduced in acidsupplemented treatments compared to CON group (p = 0.12). Subsequently, N retention was improved in acid-supplemented groups (p = 0.17). In anatomical trial (Exp III), the pH and $Cl^-$ concentrations of digesta in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. No detrimental effect of intestinal and lingual (taste bud) morphology was observed by acidifier supplementation particularly in inorganic acid treatment. In white blood cell assay (Exp IV), 45 pigs were used for measuring white blood cell (WBC) counts. In all pigs after LPS injection, WBC counts had slightly declined at 2 h and kept elevating at 8 h, then returned to baseline by 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, overall WBC counts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. In conclusion, there was no difference between organic and inorganic acidifier supplementation in weanling pigs' diet, however inorganic acidifier might have a beneficial effect on growth performance and N utilization with lower supplementation levels. Furthermore, inorganic acidifier had no negative effect on intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts in weanling pigs. These results suggested that inorganic acidifier might be a good alternative to organic acidifiers in weanling pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2016

Hypertension can be caused by various factors while the predominant causes include increase in body fluid volume and resistance in the circulatory system that elevate the blood pressure. Consumption of probiotics has been proven to attenuate hypertension; however, the effect is much strain-dependent. In this study, a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei (Lb. casei ) strain C1 was investigated for its antihypertensive properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suspension of 11 log colony-forming unit (CFU) was given to SHR (SHR+LAB, n=8), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was given as a control in SHR (SHR, n=8) and in Wistar rats as sham (WIS, n=8). The treatment was given via oral gavage for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weekly systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and aortic reactivity function were remarkably improved after 8 weeks of bacterial administration in SHR+LAB. These effects were mostly attributed by restoration of wall tension and tensile stress following the bacterial treatment. Although not statistically significant, the level of malondialdehye (MDA) in SHR+LAB serum was found declining. Increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in SHR+LAB serum suggested that the bacterium exerted vascular protection through antioxidative functions and relatively high NO level that induced vasodilation. Collectively, Lb. casei strain C1 is a promising alternative for hypertension improvement.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen chamber on alcohol-induced oxidative stress and hangover. In order to evaluate them, 20 healthy adults were tested for blood and hangover stress tests. When an exponential change was examined after 3 interventions (hangover drink, hyperbaric oxygen chamber, and normal chamber as placebo effect) of 1 hour, the heart rate of subjects experiencing a hyperbaric oxygen chamber showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). The tests of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as for exquisite hematology analysis, glucose, creatinine, and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) as well as ALT (alanine aminotransferase) used as liver-damage indicator show that the hyperbaric chamber has the effective effect. In the test of lactic acid, CRP (c-reactive protein), cortisol, and creatinine, the hyperbaric chamber shows much more excellent effect than the hangover drink and normal chamber as control groups. Further studies on hyperbaric oxygen chamber intervention including this study could be very helpful for improving lives of both the patients and healthy people.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1997

심실보조장치 등의 단기간 사용을 위하고 경제적이고 항혈전성이 높은 판막을 개발하기 위해 고분자 판막을 연구 중인데 판막의 혈액적합성을 시험하기 위해 동물실험을 시행하였다. 고분자판막은 외경이 각각 22 mm, 18 mm, 16 mm인 단엽식 판막이다. 열림판과 프레 임 모두 재질을 폴리우레탄 계로 제작하 여 유연하고 완전한 접착이 되도록 하였다. 총 7 마리의 황견에 이식하였는데 이식 위치에 따라 3가지로 분류하였다. 첫 번째는 심실보조장치의 유입구에 삽입하였고,두 번째는 대동맥에,세 번째는우심실과 우심방사이에 인조혈관을 이용하여 이식하였다. 가장 긴 생존 기간은 20일 이었다. 판막의 항혈전성 및 용혈현상을 입증하기 위 해 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트, 적혈구수, 백혈구수, LDH, 혈색소 등을 검사하였 다. 본 연구는 좀 더 개선하면 고분자판막이 심실보조장치에 단기간 사용 가능한 판막이 될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, organ weight, biochemical parameters of blood, heart and liver, and ascites susceptibility of broilers at different ages reared under a low-temperature environment. A total of 420 1-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with fifteen replicates of fourteen broilers each. Treatment diets consisted of L-carnitine supplementation at levels of 0 and 100 mg/kg. At 11-d of age, low temperature stress was used to increase ascites susceptibility. Blood, heart and liver samples were collected at different ages for analysis of boichemical parameters. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in growth performance with L-carnitine supplementation, but the mortality due to ascites was significantly decreased. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced heart index (HI) and ascites heart index (AHI) on d 21, lung index (LUI) on d 35 and liver index (LI) on d 42. The broilers fed diets containing L-carnitine had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) on d 42. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content of heart tissue on d 21 and 35, and significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the heart on d 21 and 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content on d 28 and 35 and serum glucose (GLU) on d 35 and 42, and significantly increased serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) content on d 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly enhanced liver succinodehydrogenase (SDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and $Na^+$-$K^+$-ATPase activity on d 28, and tended to reduce the lactic acid (LD) level of liver on d 35 (p = 0.06). L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) content on d 28, 35 and 42. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that dietary L-carnitine supplementation reduced organ index, red blood cell counts and hematocrit, enhanced antioxidative capacity of the heart, enhanced liver enzymes activity involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduced serum glucose and triglyceride. Therefore, it is suggested that L-carnitine can potentially reduce susceptibility and mortality due to ascites.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

본 연구는 육계사료 내 resveratrol의 첨가가 육계의 생산성, 도체율 및 조직 중량, 혈액 생화학적 성상, 면역 및 혈액 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시계는 1일령 육계 수평아리 (Ross ${\times}$ Ross 308) 320수를 선별하여 육계초기(0~3주령)와 육계후기(3~5주령)의 35일 동안 시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 8처리구(C(-), 대조군; C(+), 항생제 처리군; ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU 처리군; ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU 처리군; resveratrol 20 ppm 처리군; resveratrol 200 ppm 처리군; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm 처리군; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm 처리군)를 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩으로 나누어 완전임의 배치하였다. 육계의 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 처리구 사이에서 유의차가 없었으나, 종료체중과 증체량은 항생제와 resveratrol 및 methylated reveratrol 처리구에서 무항생제와 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 도체율과 조직 중량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 간과 F낭 무게는 항생제와 resveratrol 20 ppm 및 methylated resveratrol 처리구에서 낮게 나타났으며, 췌장의 무게는 resvertrol과 methylated resveratrol 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 맹장 미생물 균총(total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella, lactic acid bacteria)은 resveratrol과 methylated resveratrol 처리구가 무항생제와 항생제 처리구 및 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구와 비교하여 차이를 보이지 않았다. 육계 혈액 내 creatinine, BUN, total protein, albumin, AST 그리고 ALT는 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, globulin 함량은 resveratrol 200 ppm과 methylated resveratrol 20 ppm 처리구에서 무항생제 처리구에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였으나, 처리구 사이에 유의차는 없었다(P<0.05). IgA, IgG와 IgM는 항생제 처리구와 reveratrol 처리구에서 무항생제와 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). SOD 유사 활성은 resveratrol 처리구에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), MDA 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 뽕나무 유래 resveratrol은 육계 생산성 개선 및 건강성 유지를 통해 천연 항생제 대체물질로 이용 가능성이 시사된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5514-5521
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• 2013

본 논문은 경력별 레슬링선수들을 대상으로 최대무산소성 운동 후 회복과정과 기초체력을 알아보기 위한 실험이다. 첫째, 무산소 파워 테스트에서 집단 및 시기별 결과는 PP, MP, LP 영역에서 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 혈중 글루코스는 시기별 결과 경력 5년차 레슬링 선수집단에서 유의한 차가 나타났다(p<.001). 셋째, 혈중 젖산농도는 시기별 결과 경력 5년, 10년, 15년 모두 나타났다(p<.001). 넷째, 사이드스텝과 전신반응은 세 집단 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 무산소성 운동 후 선수들의 경기력에 영향을 미치는 무산소 파워, 글루코스, 젖산, 기초체력반응 변화에서 증가와 감소를 나타내고 유의한 차이도 보였다. 그리고 경력에 상관없이 피로회복도에서는 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 기초 체력반응에서는 경력 10년 선수집단이 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 파워 테스트와 글쿠코스 변인에서는 경력 5년차 선수집단이 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 피로도에서도 경력 15년차 선수집단에서 회복능력이 떨어지는 것은 경력과 연령에서의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

This study was to find out whether MBT shoes were more effective than general sporting shoes on the kinematic physiology. We comparatively analyzed energy consumption, heart rates, rating of perceived exertion, lactic acid density in blood and muscle activity with EMG. The subjects were 10 regular students of K Univ.(5 male and 5 female). They wore the general sporting shoes for stage 1(group 1), the MBT walking shoes for stage 2(group2) under the same conditions. There was one week interval between stages. 1. There was no significant difference in the energy consumption and the heart rates between two groups. Group 1 showed a higher energy consumption and heart rates than Group 2 under the speed of 4.0 mph. On the other hand, Group 2 showed higher ones over the speed of 4.0 mph. 2. There was no significant difference in the rating of perceived exertion and lactic acid density in blood between two groups. But Group 2 showed a lower fatigue strength than Group 1. 3. Group 2 showed a higher muscle activity with EMG than group 1, especially at the speed of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 mph in quadratus lumborum muscle and at 4.0mph in tibialis anterior muscle. In conclusion, we are less tired in MBT shoes than in general sporting shoes. Also, we can dorsiflex better in the ankle joint, straighten the lumbar region well and walk erect in MBT shoes. Specially, when it walks slowly, it is favorable in an erection walk and when it walks quickly, we have advantage of obesity management.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2094-2103
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• 2017

Aging is associated with distinct changes in immune cells and a decline in immune function, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced responses to vaccination. Certain strains of lactic acid bacteria exert beneficial effects on the immune system. Previously, we reported that Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from kimchi possesses immune stimulatory activity in vitro. In the present study, we further investigated whether oral administration of JW15 improves immune function in aged mice. Eighteen-month-old female mice were administered JW15 daily at low (JW15-L; $1{\times}10^8CFU/mouse$) or high dosage (JW15-H; $1{\times}10^9CFU/mouse$), or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) using oral gavage. Two-month-old female mice were included as healthy young mice. After 4 weeks, the mice were euthanized and immune profiles were analyzed using whole blood and spleen. In complete blood count analysis, the numbers of white and red blood cells were significantly increased in the JW15-L group compared with those in the old mouse (OM) control group. In addition, administration of either JW15 of LGG resulted in higher numbers of splenocytes in comparison with the OM group. Furthermore, proliferative potentials were higher in all probiotic groups than OM. Cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 were secreted at higher levels in splenocytes isolated from JW15-fed mice than in OM control mice. Similarly, mRNA expression of various cytokines was altered in the JW15 groups. Collectively, these results suggest that JW15 supplementation induces immunomodulatory effects in aged mice and indicate JW15 as a potential probiotic strain to improve immune function in aged animals.