• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.211-232
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• 1998

Because there were lots of side effects and tolerances to the existing anticancer therapeutics, the experiment extracting the anticancer effect from medicinal herbs is in progress liviely. Therefore the purpose of this study were to research the tendency and the course of anticancer studies. To research the tendency of anticancer studies, medicinal herbs of fifty three experimental papers were analyzed and to examine the course of studies, anticancer papers in the medical world were used. The obtained results were as follows: Methods of herbal medicinal treatments were elimination the pathogenic factor(祛邪) and supporting healthy energy(扶正) method used. In this study, immediately tumor bearing and immune response were the most important point. The subject of immediately tumor bearing was not in the specific cancer but in the influence on the life span of general cencerous cells. In the experimental study of immune response, the effect on NK cell activity of medicinal herbs most studied. The combined usage of medicinal herbs and anticancer agent mostly intended to know whether it inhibits the tumor cell growth. The serum test and blood cell number test show if medicinal herbs inhibit side effect of anticancer agent. More than 80 percents of used medicinal herbs, there were anticancer activities. However anticancer experimental studies using medicinal herbs two weak points. The one, it was difficult to choose a prescription according to differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證論) of the Oriental Medicine, because we put to the test not a man but a mouse. The other, as we observed the indirect effect of the whole physiological regulation caused by synergic effects of the complex prescription, we don't understand the detailed mechanism of the herb. Therefore, if the anticancer effect of the herb is proved the experiment, we should research the concrete medical action of medicinal herbs and immunological analysis of herbal medicines to the body.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 1986

The present study was undertaken to evaluate rosette formation and NK activity of splenic lymphocytes in 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) treated mice. Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil at various time before or after sensitization, and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Rosette formation and NK activity of splenic lymphocytes were measured at 24 hours after challenge. Erythrocyte(E) rosette formation of splenic lymphocytes was significantly depressed in mouse treated with large dose of MCA (5~50mg) regardless of injecting time. But, there was no difference in the response between the treated with small dose of MCA (0.5mg). Whereas erythrocyte-antibody(EA) rosette or erythrocyte-antibody-complement(EAC) rosette forming cells were significantly depressed by MCA. Under small dose of MCA (0.5mg), any difference of NK activity was not observed in all course of injecting time. But, under large dose of MCA, the activity was markedly inhibited to about half the values seen in control and this suppression was transient, resulting that the normal level was reached again 19 days after MCA. These results, which conform with the predictions of immunosuppression hypothesis, suggest that MCA inhibits immunological responses including NK activity and thereby allows the outgrowth of antigenic neoplastic cells.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1973

It was found that the diapause in the silkworm egg is induced by the action of the diapause hormone secreted from the suboesophageal ganglion, and "esterase A" affects protein metabolism in oocyte and egg. In this connection, some changes in protein metabolism of silkworm egg according to embryonic developments could give some information on the diapause, using Ouchterlony Test. Antigenicity of the protein of silkworm egg was detected through antigen-antibody interaction among the extracts of rabbit blood. Furthermore, existence of the specific antigen was also detected according to embryonic development, using the adsorption test. The results were obtained as follows: 1 Detection of antigenicity The antigenicity of silkworm egg was ascertained by inoculating it into a rabbit, but positive results were shown in most of the silkworm eggs tested, whereas the antibody specific to a certain antigen was not detected. 2. Detection of the common antigen It was demonstrated that most of the antigen could incite the common antibodies, but the specific antibody formation was not detected in a few antigens, even though the nonspecific antibody formation was displayed. 3. Detection of the specific antigen It is suggested that there are the specific antigens detectable in each treated eggs by the adsorption test.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.806-813
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• 1994

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi cornu extract on lymphocyte blastogenesis in spleen, thymus, lymph node, born marrow cells of Balb/c mouse, haemagglutination reaction against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), plaque forming cell (PFC) assay against SRBC and IL-2 production. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined by $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation. According to the lymphcoyte blastogenesis test on the immune cell. Ceriv cornu extrat was showed a potent mitogenic activity on the spleen and lymph node cells, but had mild mitogenic activity on the thymus and born marrow cells. Mitogenic active component of Crevi cornu extract was identified to be materials where molecular weights are higher than 5,000 by membrane filteration method. Cervi cornu extrat was shown to increase mitogenic effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells significantly, but decrease mitogenic effect on the Con A stimulated spleen cell at the concentration 0.3%, 1% and 3%. Ceriv cornu extract didn't show to be haemagglutination reaction and showed to inhibit the Con A-induced haemagglutination reaction against SREC. Result of SRBC-PEC test. Ceriv cornu extract significantly increase the number of PEC at the concentration of 0.1% and 1%. When IL-2 or IL-4 production was determined by proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Ceriv cornu extract was not shown to stimulate the production of IL-2. From the above results, it is shown that Ceriv cornu extract increased antibody production by B cells, but nor IL-2 production by helper T cells.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 1991

Nerve allografts as a bridge of regeneration is useful in the repair of peripheral nerve defect resulting from trauma, and leprosy. But immunological rejection and complicated scar formation is an unavoidable problem in the application of allogeneic nerves. This article is intended to study of the regeneration of allogeneic nerve grafts in rats with histopathologically, scanning electron microscopically. 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the experimental animals. A 2cm skin incision was made on the lateral aspects of limb, parallel to femur. Segments of sciatic nerve trunk taken from rats, 10mm was resected at the middle of the thigh, nerve graft was inserted between the ends of gaps with perineural and epineural suture method with 10-0 prolene. Obsrevation was made simultaneously at 3 day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 weeks after surgery. The results were as follows. 1. In light and electronic microscopic studies, marked degenerative change of the graft nerves were observed at 2 weeks after surgery. 2. After surgery, blood clot fromation was observed at 3 day, granualtion tissue formation was observed at 2 week, and fibrous tissue proliferation was observed at 3 week. 3. In change of nerve fiber, there were Wallerian degeneration at early stage, decrease in degeneration at 4 week but degeneration of myeline was continuded at 8 week. 4. At 4 week, schwann cells proliferate at its cut ends to join with the distal and proximal stump of the damaged nerve. 5. Fibrous scar tissues are formed at 2 weeks and increased progressively in 8 weeks, which was interrupted the regeneration of grafted nerve.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-291
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis in an experiment using an NC/Nga mice induced by DNCB, which has histological and clinical similarities to the condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of YHJST on atopic dermatitis(AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of NC/Nga ato-mouse. Results YHJST medicines decreased Serum level of IgE, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$. Also total number of $CD69^+$, $CD3^+$ in PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+CD3^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in Dorsal skin tissue, Serum IgG1, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b decreased significantly. Furthermore YHJST is extremely effective to histological symptoms; dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration and suppressed histologic infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ear and dorsal skin lesions significantly. YHJST decreased gene-expression of IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, CCR3, Eotaxin mRNA than that of control group. Conclusions YHJST on atopic dermatitis to atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mouse induced DNCB was incredibly effective.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.261-265
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• 2017

Purpose: Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompetent children are lacking, and minimal information is available in the medical literature on hepatic manifestations and complications of CMV. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prognosis of children with CMV hepatitis, and to investigate its prevalence at a single medical center in Korea over a 10-year period. Methods: One hundred thirty-two children diagnosed with CMV infection based on specific markers (anti-CMV IgM, CMV polymerase chain reaction in blood and urine, or CMV culture of urine) were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, immunological markers, and outcomes of hepatic CMV infection were determined. Results: The median age of patients (n=132) was 8.5 months (range, 14 days-11.3 years). Peak total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels in serum ranged from 0.11-21.97 mg/dL, and 5-1,517 IU/L, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase remained elevated from 2-48 weeks. Jaundice was the most common clinical feature of hepatic CMV infection during infancy. The hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis, and monocytosis in CMV-infected patients. All participants recovered without administration of ganciclovir. Conclusion: In children with CMV hepatitis, fever was the most common symptom at presentation, and jaundice was the most common clinical feature of hepatic CMV infection in infants younger than 3 months of age. Hepatic CMV infection in immunocompetent children is often a self-limited illness that does not require antiviral therapy, as most patients in this study had favorable outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2000

Cordyceps is reputed for its broad biological activities and as a tonic for replenishing vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of a new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin(STZ) and by epinephrine in rats and in mice as well as on immunological functions in mice were investigated. The 70% methanol extract of the fungus, when administered orally at 100 and 300 mg/kg in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, caused a significant decrease in blood glucose level 3hr after sample treatments. The methanol extract, when administered p.o. at the same dose levels in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice, also caused a significant decrease in serum glucose levels as well as a significant reversal of the liver glycogen contents suggesting its hypoglycemic activity might be due to glycogen breakdown in the liver. Treatment of normoglycaemic mice with the methanol extract of the fungus exhibited a significant glucose tolerance up to 3hr after oral glucose load(2.0 g/kg). The methanol extract also showed immuno-stimulating activity as measured by carbon clearance in mice and a significant antifatigue effect as measured by weight loaded forced swimming performance in mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2005

Objectives : Scrophulariae Radix (SRE) is commonly used in combination with other herbs as a nutrient and health strengthening agent, and to remove 'heat' and replenish vital essence. The water-based extract of this herb can lower blood pressure in both anesthetized and concious animals, and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity. But, there is lack of studies regarding the effects of SRE on the immunological activities in molecular levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SRE on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. Method : After the treatment of Scrophulariae Radix methanol extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by Immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results : Results provided evidence that SRE inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}\;(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion : These findings suggest that Scrophulariae Radix can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1994

As a series of studies to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts, a delicate relationship between host and parasite, in the present studies golden hamsters were alloted to experiment 1(normal undefinitive host group) and experiment 2(immunosuppressive group treated with prednisolone acetate) and inoculated with a single dose of 1,500 embryonated Ascaris suum eggs. The recovery rates, sizes and features of the larvae and immunological responses in the hamsters were chronologically monitored according to somatic migration. In both experiments, the larvae failed to develop into the adults, but the more and larger larvae were observed for a longer period from experiment 2 in comparison with experiment 1. The numbers of the mast cells in the small intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, of the goblet cells in the small intestinal mucosa and of T-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens and cardiac blood from experiment 2 were fewer than those from the experiment 1. In general, increasing of these cells followed by expulsion of the worms in the both groups. Profound leukopenia due to lymphopenia was found through trial period in experiment 2. Considering the experimental results, development or expulsion mechanism of somatic migrant larvae may be related to lymphopenia and temporary increasing tendency of the mast cells, the goblet cells and T-cells. In addition, patent infection of A suum in the hamsters was not obviously observed in spite of immunosuppression by prednisolone acetate.