• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.211-224
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• 2008

Objectives : To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at GB34 on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected with $CCl_4$ and treated with acupuncture or 2 Hz electro-acupuncture (EA) at left GB34 three times a week for 10 weeks. A non-acupoint in left gluteal area was selected as a sham point. To estimate the effects of EA on hepatotoxicity in rats, body weight, liver weight and liver index were measured, and biochemical assays for serum ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol, and hematological analysis for RBC, WBC, PLT, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, and histology analysis of liver tissue were performed. Results : 1. Lymphocyte level in blood was significantly decreased by $CCl_4$-intoxication and significantly increased by acupuncture and 2 Hz EA at left GB34. 2. Neutrophill and monocyte level in blood was increased by $CCl_4$-intoxication and significantly reduced by acupuncture and 2 Hz EA at left GB34. 3. Acupuncture and 2 Hz EA at left GB34 significantly reduced serum ALT and AST which were increased by $CCl_4$-intoxication. 4. EA at GB34 significantly reduced serum ALT and AST as compared with EA at sham point in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rat. 5. No significant difference was found between the effects of acupuncture and that of 2 Hz EA on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. Conclusions : 2 Hz EA at GB34 has hepatoprotective effects on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats and the point-specificity of GB34 may be involved in these effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 2003

This study was performed to determine the iron status of the adolescent Korean girls before and after menarche. The 101 subjects aged 11-13 years who attending in an elementary school in Mokpo were recruited. They were divided into pre-menarche (A) group or post-menarche (B) group based on their menstruation status. The latter subjects were sub-divided into one of the four groups according to the times of their menstruation B-I( $\geq$ 3 times), B-II (4-6 times), B-III (7-9 times) or B-W ( $\geq$ 10 times). In the total subjects, dietary iron intake, 11.3 mg/day, was below the Korean RDA for iron, the percentage of heme iron to total iron intake, 15%, and the bioavailability of dietary iron, 12.3%, seemed to be low. And their body iron storage, 140.8 mg, seemed to be insufficient. However, they tended to meet body's iron requirement in the cell level. Red blood cell number (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) level in the total subjects were 4.5 1012/I, 39.3%, and 13.0 g/㎗, respectively. The subjects in B group had lower (p<0.05) RBC and Hct compared to those in A group and the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia tended to be high. Serum iron, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR:ferritin ratio were 86.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/d, 17.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l, 3.58 mg/1, and 230, respectively. Those four indices were not significantly different among the groups. The results of this study imply that, although there a tendency to affect negatively iron status, menstrual blood loss in adolescent females does not deteriorate obviously their iron status during the relatively short period up to 1 you. However, it should be better to improve their iron status after starting menarche by increasing iron intake, especially heme-iron, and enhancing factors for iron absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 1994

A nutrition survey of 152 children , in the kindergarten attached to a proivate elimentary school of Pusan, was undertaken between Dec. 1 and Dec.14, 1993, to investigate dietary intake and nutrition status. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Compared with the Korean child development standard, their development conditions showed 113.1% , 102.2% , 103.3%, 101.75 in weight, height, head and chest, respectively. 2) By the standard of WLI(Weight Length Index) , proper to the children between age 4 and 6 , there proved to be 25% overweight and 4% obesity, 25% overweight and 19% obesity , 28 overweight and 26% obesity in 4-year-old, 5 year-old, and 6 -year-old children, respectively. 3) The children between age 4 and 6 averaged 37.6% in hematocrit and 12.4-12.8 5 in hemoglobin. these values were higher than those of the Korea child development standard. but the numbers of erythocyte, leucocyte and platelets were normal . Only a single child was considered suffering from aenmia . The 8% of them were over 200mg/이 in cholesterol, dangerously approaching the atherosclerosis. The 31% averaged 120mg/이 in triglyceride . And the 6% proved 100mg/이 in blood glucose when hung교. So it came out that not a few children had some factors dangers to diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart diseases : complications arising from obesity. 4) The intake of nutrients , except the 4-year-old children , ranged 108.4% to 2665 from the recommended value. The rates of carbohydrate, fat and protein to be much correlation among total intake of nutrients, development , results of blood test and WLI. The degree of obesity was proportionate to the intake of nutrients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.133-149
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• 1997

4-week repeated dose toxicity of DA-5018, a new capsaicin analogue analgesic agent, was examined in 5D rats at dosage levels of 0,0.4,2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day. DA-5018 was administered orally to 17 males and 17 females per group at doses of 0, 10 and 50 mg/kg and to 12 males and 12 females per group at doses of 0.4 and 2 mg/kg. After the administration period, 5 males and 5 females at the 0, 10 and 50 mg/kg were placed on withdrawal for 2 weeks. Treatment-related clinical signs were observed at 10 and 50 mg/kg. Clinical signs observed immediately after the administration of DA-5018 were grooming, sedation or depression, lacrimation, atacia, reddening of extremities and ears, ventral or lateral recumvincy, respiratory distress, cyanosis and convulsion. Delayed-type clinical signs including focal scabbing and depilation around nose were also observed 1 or 2 weeks after the start of administration of DA-5018. Only at the 50 mg/kg group, corneal opacities, reduced body weight gain (male) and death (male 6/17, female 3/17) were noted. In blood biochemical analysis, serum levels of glucose and triglyceride decreased at 10 and 50 mg/kg. In hematological examination, there were increases in the number of red blood cell, hemoglobin content and percent of hematocrit at 10 and 50 mg/kg. Pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhagic spot, focal scabbing and depilation around nose and corneal opacities were seen at the necropsy of the animals died during the dosing of DA-5018 50 mg/kg. Focal scabbing and depilation around nose were observed in the animals terminally necropsied at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. Histopathological examination revealed pulmonary hemorrhage, focal necrosis in the scabbed area, corneal necrosis, fibrosis and neovasculization in the stroma. At 0.4 and 2 mg/kg, there were no significant toxic changes attributable to the administration of DA-5018. In conclusion, target organs following to 4-week repeated dose of DA-5018 in the rat were determined to be lung, skin and eyes. Definite toxic dose and no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) were estimated to be 50 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2008

The present study is aimed at finding the influence of silymarin (a flavonoid) (25 mg/kg & 50 mg/kg) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg) to 3 days old rat pups. Silymarin was administered for 15 days after the animals were confirmed diabetic (75 days after STZ injection). Blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$), lipid peroxides (LPO) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents in pancreas and liver were estimated following the established procedures. Biochemical observations were further substantiated with histological examination of pancreas. Blood glucose and $HbA_{1c}$ levels, which were elevated by STZ, were lowered to physiological levels by the administration of silymarin. The levels of LPO were significantly increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Silymarin reduced the LPO levels in both pancreas and liver. GSH contents which were reduced significantly in pancreas and liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats were brought back to near normal levels by silymarin treatment. Multifocal necrotic and degenerative changes of pancreas in STZ-diabetic rats were minimized to near normal morphology by administration of silymarin as evident by histopathological examination. Silymarin showed a dose dependent protective effect on STZ-induced $\beta$-cell damage. It could be attributed to the antioxidative and free radicals scavenging properties of the flavonoid. Thus, it may be considered as a natural antioxidant with potential therapeutic application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The study was curried out to collect information to establish a framework for nutrition education for the prevention of chronic degenerative disease. We analyzed differences in diet quality, food habits and health status of workers by work condition. Anthrometric parameters of height, weight and body fat were measured and biochemical parameters including glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and hemoglobin were determinded for 194 subjects. To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of workers, dietary intake was measured by the day 24-hour recall method, Average daily nutrient intake, except for phos-phorous and vitamin C was lower than Korean RDA. The obesity related behavior score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to food habit score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to the food habit score was beet in offices workers than in laborers. Blood pressure, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in laborer than in office workers. Dietary variety score (DVS) food composition group score(FCGS), mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of office worker were better than those of labor workers. When diet quality was evaluated by FCGS(food composition group score) 16.0% of the subjects acquired 5 points and 14.4% of the subjects acquired 2 points.　MAR and INQ showed a significantly positive correlation with DVS and FCGS . This results indicated that the onset possibility of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among chronic degenerative disease was higher in laborers than in office workers, while the onset possibility of obesity was higher in office workers than in laborers. In conclusion the overall diet quality of office workers is betters than that of laborers, therefore, nutrition education for prevention of chronic degenerative disease of industrial workers needs to be more focused on the improvement of the health status of laborers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1998

This study was performed to assess the lead and cadmium status of children residing in urban factory area and to see if there is a difference of lead and cadmium status between the group with normal iron status. The mean lead concentration of male hair was 9.55ppm which is significantly higher than 6.61 ppm that of female. The mean lead concentration of male urine sample was 0.04ppm, 10.3ppm and $48.14\mu{g/L}$, which is higher than 0.08ppm, 6.08ppm and $20.69\mu{g/L}$ of normal group, respectively. In a suboptimal group the proportion of children whose urinary lead is higher than normal$(35\mu{g/L)$was 87.3%, whereas 2.5% for a normal group. The mean cadmium concentration of male hair was 2.58ppm, which is higher than 2.48ppm that of a female. The mean cadmium concentration of erythrocyte, hair and urine was 0.25ppm, 2.65ppm and $38.83\mu{g/L}$, which is higher than 0.20ppm, 2.40ppm and $19.78\mu{g/L}$ of the normal group, respectively. The proportion of children whose urinary cadmium level is higher than the low limit of risk of cadmium intoxication$(40\mu{g/L)}$ was 21.4%, whereas 0% for a mormal group. Urinary lead and cadmium level showed significantly negative correlation with the RBC count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and serum ferritin, whereas they had significantly positive correlation with FEP/Hb(p<0.01). There was no correlation between the IQ and the level of lead and cadmium.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.773-781
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional and health status of women industrial workers by working fields. One hundred forty eight (105 lead and 43 office) workers were recruited from March 2005 to October 2005. Information on age, education, smoking and drinking status were collected using questionnaire and nutrient intake and diet quality of workers were assessed by average of two-day 24 hr recall method. Biochemical indexes including blood lead level (PbB), indexes for iron status, serum calcium (Ca) and serum lipid profiles were analyzed from fasting venous blood or serum. Results showed that education level of lead workers was lower than that of office workers (p<0.05), but nutrient intake levels were not significantly different by working fields. Overall nutritional status of the subject were good except for calcium, vitamin $B_2$, C and folic acid intakes. PbB of lead workers were significantly higher than that of office workers while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum Ca levels were significantly lower in lead workers. MCHC was positively correlated with zinc intake (r=0.166) and serum Ca was positively correlated with vitamin C intake (r=0.179). This study confirms that lead workers need extra care to keep their health and nutritional management especially for the nutrients known to interact with lead. Tailored nutrition education for workers at specific working fields needs to be more focused for the improvement of health status of industrial workers.