• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.102-109
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• 1993

Backgrounds Diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated atherosc lerosis and predispose to specific microvascular problems. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of red ginseng as adjunctive therapeutic agent of NIDDM especially in preventing chronic diabetic complications. Materials and Methods We treated 50 patients with NIDDM for 5 month with 2 regimens: 1)oralhypoglycemic drug therapy only(the control group), 2)oral hypoglycemic group). The patients were recruited at Korea university hospital from June, 1992 to October, 1992 and the following inclusion criteria were used: l)age above 35 years 2)initial body weight within or above ideal body weight 3)fasting blood glucose level greater than 140mg/dl 4)no previous history of diabetes mellitus or no history of blood glucose control for recent 3 months of more. The patients were seen every 2 weeks for remaining 3 months. At every visit FBS and PP2hr blood glucose were measured with blood pressure and body weight. Lipid profiles were checked every 4 weeks and platelet function test was perfomed with aggregometer after administration of ADP, epineprine and collagen every 4 weeks. Free fatty acid were also analyzed every 8 weeks and glycosylated hemoglobin was measured every 12 weeks. Results The results were as follows: 1. The mean values for fasting and PP2hr blood glucose decreased significantly in the control group than in the ginseng group. 2. The weight gain was less in the ginseng group than in the control group. The levels of systolic blood pressure decreased' significantly in the ginseng group than in the control group. 3. There was no significant differences of lipid profiles in both groups. 4. The platelet hyperaggregation was improved more significantly in the ginseng group than in the control group. Conclusions In patients with NIDDM who were recieving oral hypoglycemic drug therapy, the addition of red ginseng improved platelet function and blood pressure, but induced less weight gain. The data suggests that red ginseng may be useful as a therapeutic adjunct especially in preventing chronic complications of NIDDM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1975

In the classic point of view, it has well known that the tangle is the mineral source, especially iodide. However, there are few reports that the tangle can be used the high-protein source. With the consideration whether the tangle can be used as a protein source as well as one of the foodstuff or not, this studies is done by animal experiment. The Albino rats to be examined were fed on the basal diet (Table 1) and the others including the polished tangle by weight 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, as experimental diets, for 4 weeks, respectively. The weight gain(Fig. 1), total amount of diet intake (Fig. 2), total water intake(Fig. 3), feed efficiency ratio (Fig. 4) and protein efficiency ratio (Fig. 5) was measured by each week, respectively. In addition, organ weight (Fig. 6) and blood study (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) was also analyzed at the end of the experiment. As the results of this study, growth rate, that is, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in all experimental groups increased more than those of the control group. Moreover, it was also found that weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio by feeding on the 2 percent tangle group was higher than the corresponding values of all experimental groups. However, feed intake and total water gain were the most by feeding on the 5% tangle group. This result may be interpreted to show that the total content of sodium includes more than enough in the feed intakes. To obtain further information concerning the effect of the tangle-dietary conditions on the growth rate of Albino rats, it was measured the organ weight. In the adrenal and spleen, the total weight by feeding on the all experimental groups were decreased more than that in the case of the control group. In the other hand, in the liver the weight by feeding on the high concentration groups (4%, 5% tangle diets) were not higher than the control group, while in the case of the low concentration groups (2%, 3% tangle diets) were higher than that of the control group. When it was observed the blood components, total protein, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, white blood cell and red blood cell of rats, the content of white blood cell by feeding on all experimental groups were lower than that by feeding on the control group, but it was also clear that in the other components except white blood cell in blood the contents by feeding on all experimental groups were similar to that in the case of the control groups. However, in the 5% tangle group, the content of sodium was the lowest of all experimental groups, where as the content of potassium was the highest of all experimental groups.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2016

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2018

A 72-year-old man with general weakness visited the outpatient clinic of the hematology department. The patient had been treated under the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia for 2 years. His hemoglobin level at the time of the visit was 6.3 g/dL, and a blood transfusion was requested to treat his anemia. The patient's blood type was A, RhD positive. Antibody screening and identification test showed agglutination in all reagent cells with a positive reaction to autologous red blood cells (RBCs). He had a prior transfusion history with three least incompatible RBCs. The patient returned home after receiving one unit of leukoreduced filtered RBC, which was the least incompatible blood in the crossmatching test. After approximately five hours, however, fever, chills, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and hematuria appeared and the patient returned to the emergency room next day after the transfusion. The $anti-Fy^a$ antibody, which was masked by the autoantibody, was identified after autoadsorption using polyethylene glycol. He was diagnosed with an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to $anti-Fy^a$ that had not been detected before the transfusion. In this setting, it is necessary to consider the identification of coexisting alloantibodies in patients with autoantibodies and to become more familiar with the method of autoantibody adsorption.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and effect on glucose level of Bojungikgi-tang in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: To review patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory tests retrospectively, we investigated 15 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who took Bojungikgi-tang at Kyung Hee University Korean Medical Hospital for at least one day between January 2012 and December 2022. The blood glucose levels, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels, and glycated hemoglobin level, were collected to determine the effect of the Bojungikgi-tang on blood sugar changes. Furthermore, to evaluate the safety of Bojungikgi-tang, hepatic function and renal function tests were implemented, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results: When Bojungikgi-tang and a standard treatment for diabetes were administered for patients with type 2 diabetes, it was confirmed that there were no statistically significant changes in FBS and PP2 levels in the analysis of each medication taken. There was no significant difference in the safety profile after taking Bojungikgi-tang. Conclusions: The combined administration of Bojungikgi-tang with standard hypoglycemic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes may not affect blood glucose levels and safety.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.493-502
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health problems among type 2 diabetes patients and suggest basic data for the promotion of their body and oral health by emphasizing the correlation between hemoglobin A1c and subjective oral health status. For 174 patients with type 2 diabetes and who were older than 40 years old, the questionnaire and measurement of hemoglobin A1c were conducted from January 9, 2012 to March 9, 2012. The results of the study were as follows. 1. They tended to be most aware of the following; 'inflammation on the oral mucosa' and 'pain on the oral mucosa' among the symptoms of oral mucosa, 'gum bleeding when brushing teeth' among the symptoms of periodontal disease, and 'feels dry in general' among the symptoms of xerostomia. 2. The patients with longer duration of diabetes showed greater recognition with regards to the symptoms of oral mucosa disease, periodontal disease, and xerostomia (p<0.05). 3. The group with regular meal showed lower level of hemoglobin A1c (p<0.001). 4. The level of hemoglobin A1c was higher in the group that recognized 'burning sensation', 'gum bleeding', 'gum recession' and 'bad breath' (p<0.05) as well as in the group that responded 'get up at night to drink' among the symptoms of xerostomia (p<0.05). Especially the symptoms of periodontal disease were revealed to be a factor that showed the 3rd strongest correlation with hemoglobin A1c.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of several additives(macroalgae, wasabi, and herb) in formulated diets on the growth, body composition, blood chemistry and non-specific immune response of juvenile flounder. Three replicates of juveniles (average weight 8.4 g) in flow-through aquarium system were fed one of six isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (8%) diets containing 5 and 10% Undaria powder, 2% wasabi leaf, 2% wasabi stem, and 0.5% herb (Obosan) for 8 weeks. Survival was not affected by the different dietary additives (P>0.05). The highest weight gain and feed efficiency offish fed the diet containing 0.5% herb were significantly higher than those of fish fed the diets containing 10% Undaria powder (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in contents of moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash of whole body (P>0.05). Fish fed the diet containing 10% Undaria powder showed the highest moisture and the lowest crude lipid contents in the liver. Although hematological parameters (red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin) and serum constituents (glucose, total cholesterol and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) contents of fish varied between treatments, no specific trend was observed throughout feeding periods. Lysozyme activity in the serum and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of macrophage in the head kidney from fish fed the diets containing herb was significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet. The results of this study suggest that herb as an additive in this formulated diet may improve growth and non-specific immune response of juvenile flounder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7327-7330
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• 2015

Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a clonal hemopoietic stem cell myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by persistent thrombocytosis along with megakaryocytic hyperplasia. In the last decade following the identification of an acquired JAK2 V617F mutation, there has been acceleration in our understanding of this disease. The rational of this study was to determine the mutational profile of JAK2 V617F in Pakistan patients with ET. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study, 21 patients with ET were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Patients were diagnosed based on WHO criteria for essential thrombocythemia. Complete blood count was done on an automated hematology analyzer, while JAK2 V617F expression was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mean age was $56.7{\pm}19.0$ years (range 18-87) and the male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The frequency of JAK2 V617F positivity in our ET patients was found to be 61.9%. The mean hemoglobin was $11.7{\pm}2.4$ g/dl with a total leukocyte count of $13.3{\pm}8.1{\times}109/l$ and a platelet count of $1188{\pm}522{\times}109/l$. Positive correlations for JAK2 V617F mutation were established with high TLC count and raised LDH (P<0.05). No correlation of JAK2 V617F could be established with age and gender (P>0.05). Conclusions: JAK2 V617F mutation frequency in our ET patients was similar to those reported previously. Screening for the mutation in all suspected essential thrombocythemia cases could be beneficial in differentiating patients with reactive and clonal thrombocytosis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-302
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• 2017

Objectives: To evaluate effects of Resina Dendropanacis Morbiferus (RDM) on stress and sleep hormones when administered to Chronic Mild Stressed (CMS) rats. Methods: Twenty-five healthy rats were randomly divided into 5 groups; Normal, CMS (Control), Resina Dendropanacis Mobiferus 50 mg/kg (RDM 50), 100 mg/kg (RDM 100), and 200 mg/kg (RDM 200). All rats except the normal group were exposed to unpredicted stress conditions such as water deprivation, empty bottles, forced thread mill, etc. according to timetable of CMS for 3 weeks. After a week starting experiments, rats in RDM 50, RDM 100, and RDM 200 groups were fed orally once a day for 2 weeks. Afterward, blood samples were taken from rats to analyze complete blood count, AST, ALT, and glucose. Noradrenalin, GABA and Melatonin were measured by ELISA kit. BDNF, CREB and TrkB were measured by RT-PCT. Results: 1. In Noradrenalin content, RDM 100 and RDM 200 groups revealed significant decrease compared to the control group. 2. In GABA content, RDM 50 and RDM 100 groups revealed significant decrease compared to the control group. 3. In Melatonin content, RDM 100 and 200 groups revealed significant decrease compared to the control group. 4. In Activity of BDNF, RDM 100 and 200 groups revealed significant increase compared to the control group. 5. In Activity of CREB and TrkB, RDM 100 group revealed significant increase compared to the control group. 6. In Erythrocyte and Thrombocyte changes, red blood cells and hematocrit significantly increased in RDM 50 and RDM 200 groups than the control group. Hemoglobin and platelet significantly increased in all experimental groups and the control group. 7. In Weight gain content, all RDM groups revealed insignificant increase compared to the control group. 8. In Glucose content, RDM 50, RDM 100, and RDM 200 groups revealed significant decrease compared to the control group. Conclusions: Results suggest that RDM have effects on stress and sleep hormones when administered to Chronic Mild Stressed (CMS) rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2485-2490
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• 2016

The liver is one of the most common sites of cancer in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predominating. HCC is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death overall. Hepatitis C is a major risk factor and HCV is a rapid spreading virus which has become a problem globally, including in Pakistan. Interferon alpha therapy is used against HCV disease to regulate cell reproduction and to boost the immune system. In minute amounts interferon alpha is produced naturally by the immune system in HCV patients in response to hepatitis C virus and binds to receptors in the target cells and starts transcription of 20-30 genes due to which it develops an antiviral influence. Interferon is also administered artificially to overcome HCV disease and remove the biological effect of the virus from the infected site. The use of interferon or Peg-IFN plus Ribavirin treatment is also associated with adverse effects on body. For the current study, a convenient sample of 156 HCV positive patients of both males and females were taken. To collect blood CP and ALT, a reduction of level data and other important information were collected from the patients at regular intervals. Findings were 11.4 % in the red blood cells (RBC), 9.64 % in the total leukocyte count (WBC), 8.4 % in the hemoglobin levels (HB), 30.3 % in the platelet (Plt) count in both sexes. There was significant reduction in ALT levels due to Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. Hence strict haemotological monitoring of blood CP and ALT levels is necessary at regular intervals to reduce severe side effects which may lead to morbidity and mortality.