• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic constitution of blood proteins and enzymes in 238 Korean Native cattle reared at Korean Native Cattle Breeding Center, National Livestock Cooperative Federation. The genetic polymorphisms of post-transferrin-2(pTf-2), transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(pAlb), albumin(Alb), ceruloplamin(Cp), amylase-I(Am-I) and hemoglobin(Hb) were analyzed by using PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and STAGE(starch gel electrophoresis). The genotypes and gene frequencies were estimated at these loci for each blood proteins and enzymes. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. The pTf-2 locus were identified to be genetically controlled by codominant alleles designated pTf-2 F and S, and the distribution of genotypes were 46.22, 46.64 and 7.14% for pTf-2 FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies of the pTf-2 F and S allele were 0,695 and 0.305, respectiveley. 2. The Tf locus were found to be controlled by Tf A, D1, D2 and E alleles, and the distributioin of genotypes were 0.84, 13.87, 13.03, 10.92, 22.27, 12.61, 2.94, 15.51, 6.72 and 1.68% for Tf AA, AD1, AD2, AE, D1D1, D1D2, D1E, D2E and EE types, and the gene frequencies of Tf A, D1, D2 and E were 0.197, 0.430, 0.191 and 0.081, respectively. 3. The pAlb locus were observed to be controlled by two alleles, pAlb F and S, and the distribution of genotypes were 42.86, 33.19 and 23.95% for pAlb FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies were 0.595 and 0.405 for Tf F and S allele, respectively. Also the gene frequencies of Alb was 1.000 of Alb A allele. 4. The Cp locus were identified to be controlled by Cp F and S allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 23.11, 34.87 and 42.02% for Cp FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies were 0.405 and 0.595 for Cp F and S allele, respectively. 5. The Am-I locus were observed to be genetically controlled by Am-I B and C allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 51.26, 16.81 and 31.92% for Am-I BB, BC and CC types, and the gene frequencies of Am-I B and C alleles were 0.597 and 0.403, respectively. 6. The Hb locus were found to be controlled by Hb A and B alleles, and the distribution of genotypes were 93.19, 16.39 and 0.42% for Hb AA, AB and BB types, and the gene frequencies of Hb A and B alleles were 0.914 and 0.086, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1995

This study was conducted to examine the genetic variants of the blood proteins and enzymes in beef cattle breeds, Hereford, Angus and Sharolais reared at the Daekwanryuong Branch of the National Livestock Research Institute. Genetic polymorphisms of transferrin(Tf), post-transferrin2(pTf-2), albumin(Alb), post-albumin (pAlb), ceruloplasmin(Cp), amylase-I(Am-I) and hemoglobin(Hb) in blood were analyzed by the methods of PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and STAGE(starch gel electrophoresis). The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Tf and pTf-2 locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, A. $D_1$, $D_2$ and E allele for Tf, F and S allele for pTf-2. In genotype frequencies, 25% and 90% for Tf $D_1D_2$ and pTf-2 SS in Hereford, 25% and 100% for Tf $AD_1$ and pTf-2 FF in Angus, 50% for Tf $D_1D_1$ and pTf-2 FS in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency, respectively. In gene frequencies, 0.400 and 0.900 for Tf E and pTf-2 S allele in Hereford, 0.678 and 0.607 for Tf $D_1$ and pTf-2S in Sharolais were appeared to have the highest frequency. 2. Alb and pAlb locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, only A allele for Alb, F and S allele for pAlb. In genotype frequencies, 70% for pAlb SS in Hereford, 90% for pAlb FF in Angus and 57.15% for pAlb SS in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency. In gene frequencies, 0.825 and 0.750 for pAlb S in Hereford and Charolais, 0.900 for pAlb F in Angus were found to have the highest frequency. 3. Cp and Am-I locus appeared to be controlled by two alleles, F and S allele for Cp, B and C allele for Am-I. In genotype frequencies, 100% and 65% for Cp FF and Am-I BB in Hereford, 45% and 85% for Cp FF, and Am-I CC in Angus, 50% and 64.29% for Cp FF and Am-I BC in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency. Gene frequencies were 1,000, 0.600 and 0.750 for Cp F in Herehord, Angus and Sharolais, 0.800, 0.875 and 0.680 for Am-I B, C and C allele in Hereford, Angus and sharolais, respectively. 4. Hb locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, only A allele in Hereford and Angus, A and B allele in Sharolais. Genotype frequencies were 57.14% and 42.86% for Hb AA and AB in Sharolais, and gene frequencies were 0.785 and 0.215 for Hb A and B in Sharolais.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2007

We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine whether Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) supplement modulates blood glucose, serum lipids and antioxidant systems in type II diabetic patients. We also measured critical parameters assessing safety in liver and kidney functions after LJE supplement. A total of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females) were randomized to either LJE group or placebo group. The treatment group received four 350 mg of LJE capsules (1.4 g, total) per day for 12 weeks. The placebo group received the same dose of cellulose capsules. Baseline characteristics regarding general life style and dietary intake pattern were similar between the two groups. There were no significant influences of LJE supplement except for waist circumference on anthropometric parameters. As the whole, 12 weeks of LJE supplement resulted in a little decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but a significant decrease was not observed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in LJE group. The antioxidant enzymes, glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated in the LJE group (p<0.05) compared to the placebo. The increase of these enzymes was associated significantly with the decrease of MDA concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, LJE supplement showed no adverse effects on the functions of liver and kidney. Findings from this study suggest that LJE supplement can help improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic subjects without adverse effects.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

This study was made to find out how health practice affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen in male and female. 400 freshmen students in 4year colleges were surveyed. Questionnaire and blood analysis were made. The contents of questionnaire contained general characteristics, health practice behavior, and food intake. The physical measurement included height, weight and blood pressure. The questions for health practice were about drinking, smoking, BMI, skipping breakfast and sleeping. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) and 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily food intake. EAR% was calculated and NAR and MAR were produced. The results are as follows: 1) BMI was $22.77kg/m^2$ for males and $20.42kg/m^2$ for females. The ratio maintaining normal weight indicated by BMI of 18.5-23 was higher(p<0.001) for female students(63.2%) than males(56.5%). The ratio of overweight with over $23kg/m^2$ of BMI was 28.5% for males and 8.8% for females(p<0.001). 2)The ratio of drinking students was 59.4% for males and 40.6% for female(p<0.001). And the ratio of smoking students was 95.2% for males and 4.8% for females(p<0.001). 3) The ratio of poor health practice group was 35.7% for males and 25.5% for females, and that of excellent one was 25.4% for males and 33.1% for females(p<0.05). 4) In NAR, the lowest ratio was observed for the intake of Ca, Fe, Vitamin C and Vitamin $B_2$. The intake of Fe, Vitamin $B_2$ and phosphorus were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For Vitamin $B_2$, and phosphorus female students showed higher level(p<0.001). 5) In MAR, there was no difference according to sexuality in almost all of the ingredients. 6) For energy intake, male and female students showed 59% and 66% of EAR and it was insufficient for them. 7) For protein, more than 100% was obtained. The lowest ratio was observed for the intake of vitamin C 50.8%, Ca 53.6% and Fe 65.1% of EAR were obtained. The lowest intake ratio and for the intake of Fe female students obtained just 37.5% of EAR showing high risk of anemia. The intake of energy(p<0.001), phosphorus(p<0.01), niacin(p<0.05), Fe(p<0.001), and Vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001) were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For energy, phosphorus, niacin, and Vitamin $B_2$ female students showed higher level(p<0.001) than male students. 8) For blood pressure, male students showed normal level of 120.7/79.1 mmHg, however, female students showed 114.5/75.4 mmHg lower than male (p<0.001). 9). In blood, for hemoglobin female students showed significantly lower level than that of male(p<0.001). T-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol female students showed higher level than males (p<0.001), And for triglyceride male students showed higher level than females(p<0.001). Ca and Fe female students showed lower level (p<0.001).

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2005

Purpose: Despite the advance of medical science, the number of cancer patient have increased and the mortality rate is also on the rise. Therefore, a perfect cure for cancer is crucial, but the value and meaning of the remaining life for the patient are also becoming more and more important. The principal aim of this study is to examine the differences in the quality of life, physical and psychosocial symptoms according to the performance status of terminal cancer patients. Methods: We evaluated the performance status, demographical data, blood analysis and quality of life of cancer patients who visited the Department of family Medicine at Myoung-ji Hospital in Korea between September 1, 2003 and August 31, 2005. Their performance status (ECOG) was divided into two groups ($ECOG\;0{\sim}1/ECOG\;2{\sim}4$) and analyzed by ANOVA to see if there was a difference in their blood analysis and quality of life. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: A total of 104 patients were evaluated, among which 71 patients (23 male and 48 female) scored $0{\sim}1$, and 33 patients (8 males and 25 females) scored $2{\sim}4$ in the ECOG. The blood analysis showed that patients whose performance status was $2{\sim}4$ had lower levels of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, protein, albumin and sodium. The evaluation on their quality of life showed that the overall health status of patients with $2{\sim}3$ functional ability were poor (P=0.02). Also, from a functional perspective, these patients had poor physical (P=0.05) and role (P=0.01) scores, and in terms of symptoms, they showed a significant loss of appetite. Conclusion: If a patient's performance status was poor, levels related to certain nutritions were also found to fall in blood tests, thereby leading to an overall weakened state of health. However, there was no difference in symptoms except for a loss of appetite. In conclusion, it is most important to increase the appetite in patients with poor performance status.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2022

The blood and physiological changes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were analyzed when the water temperature was rapidly increased from 20℃ (control) to 26 and 32℃. The water temperature reached 26℃ and 32℃ within 6 hours from the water temperature of 20℃, and the control was maintained at 20℃ for the duration of the experiment. From each experimental group, blood was collected every 3, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the water temperature rise, and the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-, cortisol, glucose, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) contents were analyzed. In the case of the crucian carp experimental group where the water temperature was raised to 32℃, the concentrations of plasma cortisol, glucose, AST and ALT increased 3 hours after the water temperature rise, and the concentrations did not decrease until 48 hours (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol, glucose, AST, and ALT in both C. carpio and C. auratus in the control group and the experimental group raised to 26℃ increased at 3 hours after the water temperature rise (P<0.05), and decreased to the value before the water temperature rise at 48 hours (P<0.05). The plasma Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^- concentrations of C. carpio and C. auratus in the experimental group where the water temperature was raised to 32℃ were higher than in the 20 and 26℃ experimental groups. The blood reaction of all experimental groups including the control group showed a common trend in both C. carpio and C. auratus increasing up to 12 hours after the water temperature rise and then decreasing at 48 hours after the water temperature rise. The results derived from this study would be useful for investigating the physiological response of fish stress in future. In addition, as fish mortality has recently occurred frequently in rivers and lakes, it is judged that it can be used as basic data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-183
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• 2023

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death not only in Korea but also worldwide. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been extensively investigated, but studies on nutritional intake and eating habits are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutritional status of Korean adults based on their AIP values using data from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: A total number of 3,040 adults in their 20s and 30s were included as study subjects. They were divided into quintiles according to their AIP values. Comparisons were then made among the general information, eating habits, and nutritional intake statuses of the groups. Results: The averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, smoking, and exercise in men. As for women, the averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, and smoking status. Except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, higher AIP values in men were associated with significant increasing trends in health indicators, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. As for women, as AIP increased, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol showed significant increasing trends except HDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol showed a significant decreasing trend as AIP increased in men and women. In the high AIP group of women, the frequency of breakfast was lower, whereas the frequency of alcohol beverage consumption was higher. Conclusion: Among young adults, the risk of arteriosclerosis was higher in obese, smoking, and non-exercise individuals. More frequent alcohol drink consumption in women is associated with a higher risk of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, weight and lifestyle management are necessary for the prevention of atherosclerosis among young adults.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1986

Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been one of the major environmental problems because of the tissue hypoxia, especially brain tissue hypoxia, due to the great affinity of CO with hemoglobin. Inhalation of the pure oxygen$(0_2)$ under the high atmospheric pressure has been considered as the best treatment of CO poisoning by the supply of $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues with dissolved from in plasma and also by the rapid elimination of CO from the carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO). Hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ was rapidly decomposed to water and $0_2$ under the presence of catalase in the blood, but the intravenous administration of $H_2O_2$ is hazardous because of the formation of methemoglobin and air embolism. However, it was reported that the enema of $H_2O_2$ solution below 0.75% could be continuously supplied $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues without the hazards mentioned above. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2.0 kg were exposed to If CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After the acute CO poisoning, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups relating to the recovery period. The first group T·as exposed to the room air and the second group w·as inhalated with 100% $0_2$ under 1 atmospheric pressure. The third group was administered 10 ml of 0.5H $H_2O_2$ solution per kg weight by enema immediately after CO poisoning and exposed to the room air during the recovery period. The arterial blood was sampled before and after CO poisoning ana in 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the recovery period. The blood pH, $Pco_2\;and\;Po_2$ were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of HbCO was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and compared with the room air group and the 100% $0_2$ inhalation group. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows: The pH of arterial blood was significantly decreased after CO poisoning and until the first 15 minutes of the recovery period in all groups. Thereafter, it was slowly increased to the level of the before CO poisoning, but the recovery of pH of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was more delayed than that of the other groups during the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was significantly decreased after CO poisoning in all groups. Boring the recovery Period, $Paco_2$ of the room air group was completely recovered to the level of the before CO Poisoning, but that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the $H_2O_2$ enema group was not recovered until the 90 minutes of the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was slightly decreased after CO poisoning. During the recovery Period, it was markedly increased in the first 15 minutes and maintained the level above that before CO Poisoning in all groups. Furthermore $Paco_2$ of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was 102 to 107 mmHg and it was about 10 mmHg higher than that of the room air group during the recovery period. The saturation percentage of HbCO was increased up to the range of 54 to 72 percents after CO poisoning and in general it was generally diminished during the recovery period. However in the $H_2O_2$ enema group the diminution of the saturation percentage of HbCO was generally faster than that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the room air group, and its diminution in the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group was also slightly faster than that of the room air group at the relatively later time of the recovery period. In conclusion, the enema of 0.5% $H_2O_2$ solution is seems to facilitate the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the blood and increase $Paco_2$ simultaneously during the recovery period of the acute CO poisoning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2012

This study was carried out to obtain information related to life styles, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits according to gender and weight status of college students in Ulsan. The subjects were 324 college students (144 males, 180 females), and they were divided into three groups based on BMI. The average BMI was $21.0kg/m^2$, and the BMI of underweight, normal, and overweight students were 15.4%, 63.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Among the male students, 0.1% and 34.0%, and among the female subjects, 27.2% and 11.7%, were included in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively. For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast (34.9%) was considerably higher than those skipping lunch and dinner. Overall, the nutrition knowledge score, which was assessed by 15 questions, was somewhat low (44.9/100), yet, it was higher in females than in male students. There were significant differences among gender and weight status in several items of dietary habits such as the speed of eating meals, consuming breakfast on a regular basis, and sleeping hours. 40% of the subjects had appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. In the blood analysis of the subjects, males had higher hemoglobin levels than females. Further, more females were included in the risk group of Hb, total cholesterol, and LDL. These results suggest that in order to develop nutrition education programs for college students, differences between gender and weight status, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge level should be considered.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.689-699
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• 1996

An animal experiment was designed for the evaluation of in vivo performance of the newly developed electrohydraulic type ventricular assist device and its influence on the left ventricular function during pal- satile left ventricular assist. Eight adult sheep were incorporated into the study and data were collected from seven sheep. Total as- sist time ranged from 69 minutes to 7 days. The performance of the device was satisfactory both in asyn- chr nous and synchronous mode within the range of given native heart rate. More than 4 liters of device output could be reached within the range of normal left atral pressure without development of negative pressure in the left atrium. Moderate to severe degree of hemolysis was noted as evidenced by significant increase of plasma free hemoglobin level after 3 days of left ventricular support along with the presence of the small amount of thrombi around the floating disc type polymer valve apparatus reflecting that further study and refinement of the device need to be done in regard of biocompatibility and thromboresistance. The hemodynamics showed increase in heart rate (p < 0.05), cardiac output and left ventricular minute work (p < 0.05) after placement of the device at the flow rate of 2.0∼2.5 Llmin. The left atrial pressure, left ventricular pressure and LV dpldt were decreased after the device placement(p < 0.05). The endocardial viability ratio and oxygen contents of the mixed ven us blood and coronary venous blood were all increased (p < 0.05) after the device placement suggesting effective unloading of the left ventricle was accomplished. The myocardial perfusion was thought improved in synchronous counterpulsation as suggested by sig- nificant increase in endocardial viability ratio and coronary venous blood oxygen content in synchronous assist mode comparing with asynchronous mode.