• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2005

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang (MS) and Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang plus Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (MS-C) on postpartum recovery and lactation. Materials and Methods : We used 18-week pregnant Spraque Dawley rats and administered the decoctions of MS and MS-C to rats once a day for 4 days or 8 days. Then we observed changes in the body weight of pup rats and complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, mammary gland tissue, level of serum prolactin, ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP of postpartum rats. Result : A significant increase in body weight was observed in MS-C treated pup rats compared with in MS treated group. The levels of WBC and platelet from MS group and MS-C group were decreased compared with the control group. The levels of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit from MS group and MS-C group showed statistically significant increases compared with the control group. The levels of protein, albumin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The levels of BUN, creatinine from MS group and MS-C group did not show statistically significant changes compared with the control group. The mammary gland tissues from MS group and MS-C group showed increased angiogenesis. The levels of serum prolactin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The expression of ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP genes from postpartum rats treated with MS and MS-C was increased. Conclusion : This study shows that MS and MS-C improved postpartum recovery and lactation in rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.469-479
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• 1992

Searching for the clinical effects of colloid solutions that used to increasing the oncotic pressure of priming solutions at the cardiopulmonary bypass, 29 patients [who were diagnosised as simple VSD around 10kg of body weight and scheduled to be operated from June 1990 to December 1990 at Sejong General Hospital] were divided randomly and prospectively to the two groups: A group [15] was received 4gm% albumin as addition to the priming solutions and B Group [14] the same amount of Ringer`s lactated solution. 34 clinical parameters [Body weight, sex, age, body surface area, Qp/Qs, pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary bypass time, anesthetic time, intraoperatively infused crystalloid and colloid amount, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity, urine osmolarity, urine specific gravity, serum concentration, serum osmolarity, urine osmolarity, urine specific gravity, serum protein, serum albumin concentration, urine output, central venous pressure, postoperatively infused colloid amount, immedediate post-operative peak inspiratory pressure, cardiac index, blood pressure and pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass, inotro-pic assist, diuretics, extubation period, total drain amount, duration of ICU] were measured and compaired between the two groups. There were no differences of preoperative and operative clinical parameters. And postoper-atively, practically there were no nearly differences at the clinical outcomes between the two groups, but some parameters [cardiac index, PIP, BP and pumpflow during CPB, etc] contributed to being preferable to the Group A at certain times [P<0.05]. Conclusively, it might be thought that the priming solution of cardiopulmonary bypass added by colloid solution had some beneficial effects on the patients, especially younger and associated with complex anomaly to be expected taken longer time of cardiopulmonary bypass, and more studies about the neonatal and complex anomaly cases were needed in that points.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1986

Sixty-nine patients with various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease underwent systemic-pulmonary artery shunts with a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] prosthesis between 1979 and 1985. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 39 years [mean$\pm$SD: 5.2$\pm$7.4, median: 3.3 years]. Diagnosis included the following: Tetralogy of Fallot, 45: Double outlet right or left ventricle, 11: Single ventricle, .5: Transposition of great vessels, 4: Tricuspid atresia, 3 and Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, 1. Forty-eight patients had subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomosis, 12 patients aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis, 6 patients aorta-main pulmonary artery anastomosis, and 3 patients descending aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis. The PTEE graft of 3 mm in diameter was used in 1, 4 mm in 29, 5 mm in 35 and 6 mm in 4 patients. Ten patients were died within 30 days after operation [mortality rate: 14.5%]. Among them, 6 patients were operated in urgency due to cardiac arrest or severe anoxic spell after cardiac catheterization, and so surgical mortality of elective operation is 9.5%. The 59 survivors showed improvement of the arterial oxygen saturation [65.4% - 9.8%] and hemoglobin [18.8 gm/dl - 16.0 gm/dl] values [V<0.01]. The follow up period ranged from 1 month to 67 months, [752 patient-months] and during this periods there were 4 late shunt failures after 3 months postoperatively with 4 mm graft, and 2 with 5 mm graft. The over-all patency rate of 4 mm PTFE was 85.9$\pm$9.2% [SEM] in 12 months and 40.9$\pm$22.5% in 24 months. The over-all patency rate of 5 mm PTFE was 87.5$\pm$9.6% in 12 months and 58.3$\pm$24.6% in 36 months. The lowest systolic pressure in death group was 64.9$\pm$15.0 mmHg and in survival group, 86.4$\pm$12.1 mmHg [P<0.001]. We think that the PTFE graft is useful in palliative shunt operation, but the effectiveness of the 4 mm PTFE graft may be limited. The blood pressure also may play an important role in patency of Prosthesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 1998

DA-3585 is a recombinant human erythropoietin produced by Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. using recombinant DNA technique. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. In this study, we examined acute and subacute toxicity of DA-3585 in rats. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rats at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500 and 25,000 lU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0,100,500 and 2,500IU/kg daily for 4 week-repeated dose toxicity study. In the single dose toxicity study, there were no death, clinical signs and changes in body weight gain related to the treatment. Necropsy revealed no evidence of toxicity related to DA-3585, In the repeated dose toxicity study, all the rats survived throughout the study. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs, food and water intake, and body weight. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular volume, and decrease in the number of platelet in 500 and 2,500 lU/kg dosed groups. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow were noted as treatment-related histological changes. Toxicologically significant changes were not observed in blood biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weights and in any other examinations. The treatment-related changes observed in this study were hematological or histological changes associated with pharmacological effects of DA-3585. On the basis of the results of this study, LD5n value of DA-3585 was above 25,000 lU/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was estimated to be 100 lU/kg.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

Experiments were carried out to investigate the growth and hematological parameters of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus exposed to several different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, $8{\mu}g/L$) of tributyltin (TBT) for 4 weeks. Growth rate of the fish exposed to $8{\mu}g/L$ of TBT concentration was significantly lower than that of control group fish. The major hematological findings were significant decreases in the red blood cell count, hematocrit value and hemogobin concentration in the fish exposed to $8{\mu}g/L$. Although serum glucose concentration was significantly reduced compared to the control group, total protein concentration was found to be significantly increased over the control group. Exposure to $8{\mu}g/L$ of TBT concentration resulted in significant increase in the enzyme activities, such as glutamic oxalate transminase and glutamic pyruvate transminase in the fish. The present findings suggest that exposure to $8{\mu}g/L$ concentration of TBT can cause significant changes in growth and hematological parameters of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatuso.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.292-302
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• 2004

The nutritional status of middle-aged overweight and control normal subjects were evaluated for the purpose of providing the background information of the degenerative disease control. A survey was conducted with 293 healthy subjects (121 males and 172 females) between the ages 40-64. The average BMI (body mass index) of male subjects was 24.5 $\pm2.75$, and that of females was 23.5 $\pm2.87$. The average values of WHR (waist-hip ratio) were 0.88 $\pm0.04$, for males and 0.82 $\pm0.07$, for females. The normal BMI group (BMI 18.5-22.9) comprised 28.9% of males and 47.1% of females. The percentage of overweight subjects (BMI 23-24.9) was 26.4% of males and 30.8% of females. The obese group (BMI ＞ 25) was 44.6% of males ana 22.1% of females, showing the greater rate of obese state among male subjects. The average energy intakes were 76.6 $\pm14.9$% for males and 77.8 $\pm12.6$, % for females, protein intakes were 108.0 $\pm24.6$% for males and 111.2 $\pm22.7$, % for females of the RDA levels. The average intakes of other nutrients were above the 75% of RDA levels except calcium. The average nutrient intakes of the three subgroups according to their BMI values were not different for both males and females. There were weak correlations between obesity and blood biochemical indices. There were positive correlations between BMI or WHR and hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST or ALT. There were negative correlations between BMI or WHR and HDL-cholesterol. These results suggest that the obesity rate of middle-aged is an influential factor of chronic disease. The middle-aged subjects of this study with higher educational and socioeconomic background tend to have desirable nutrition knowledge and attitude, but the application of their knowledge or attitude was relatively poor.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2017

This study was performed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of osteoarthritis in the elderly using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2014 KNHANES VI). A total of 2,148 (936 males, 1212 females) elderly participants aged 65 years or older were selected. Prevalence of osteoarthritis was higher in 460 female (80.7%) and 167 rural (29.1%) groups, than in 110 male (19.3%) and 404 urban (70.9%) groups. While the mean values of LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride level, and waist circumference were significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group than the normal group, other parameters including height, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were not. Quality of life (EQ-5D) was also significantly lower in the osteoarthritis group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, alcohol intake, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and energy intakes were significantly different in regards to the prevalence of osteoarthritis. This study suggests that obesity and energy intakes were associated with osteoarthritis, whereas risk factors of chronic disease, such as hypertension, Hypo-high density lipoprotein, hypertrigly-ceridemia, anemia, diabetes, vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity and walking were not. Long-term prospective study is necessary to investigate the effects of these factors on osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.578-585
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• 2005

Maternal zinc deficiency is relatively common worldwide, but its consequences for pregnancy outcome are not established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of zinc status in the second trimester on pregnancy outcome. Subjects were 248 pregnant Korean women (25-28 wk gestation). Cord blood was collected from subgroup of 69 women and pregnancy outcome data were obtained from 185 babies. Anthropometry measurement, dietary intake, and biochemical characteristics of pregnancy and cord serum substances were measured. The subjects were divided into quartiles on the basis of maternal serum Zn concentration; $ZnQ_1$ (< 25 percentile), $ZnQ_2$ ($26\~50$ percentile), $ZnQ_3$ ($51\~75$ percentile), and $ZnQ_4$ ($76\~100$ percentile). Zn groups were compared in terms of various maternal factors, concentrations of cord serum substances, and pregnancy outcome. Maternal serum Zn concentration was $118.4\;{\pm}\;35.5\;{\mu}g/dl$ as mean. Intake of Zn was lower than Korean RDA. The rate of Zn deficiency among all subjects was $8.5\%$. Maternal serum Zn levels belonged to normal range. Cord serum Zn level was about $154.7\%$ of maternal serum level. Intakes of energy, calcium, iron, folic acid, and riboflavin did not meet the Korean RDA for pregnant women by gestational age. The mean birth weight of neonates is 3083 $\pm$ 697 g, of whom $9.1\%$ were of low birth weight (< 2,500 g). Maternal serum Zn level was positively correlated with pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and vitamin C intake (p < 0.05). $ZnQ_1$ group had significantly lower maternal serum iron concentration and higher cord serum cholesterol than those in other groups. Maternal serum Zn level, cord serum Zn level, and dietary Zn intake were no related to the pregnancy outcome. The birth weight had a correlation with the maternal hemoglobin and albumin concentration. In conclusion, at this study, we could not find the association with maternal Zn status in 2nd trimester and pregnancy outcome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.220-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was a cross-sectional study comparing differences in self-management knowledge, self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for two methods of dialysis. Methods: Participants were 90 patients on hemodialysis and 91 on peritoneal dialysis at A hospital. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups for knowledge of self-management. A comparison of the categories in the evaluation of self-management showed that patients in the peritoneal dialysis group took better care of their dialysis access route (F=17.61, p<.001) and dialysis schedule (F=4.30, p=.040). The physiologic indexes between the two dialysis groups showed that hemoglobin levels were higher in the hemodialysis group (F=5.28, p=.023). The product of serum calcium and phosphate was higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (F=11.42, p=.001). Serum sodium level was also higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (t=5.36, p<.001) while serum albumin level (t=-3.36, p=.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (t=-2.50, p=.013) were higher in hemodialysis patients. There were no significant differences in the proportion of uncomfortable experiences between the two groups. Conclusion: Medical personnel should consider differences in self-management knowledge/self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis populations, and should provide adequate education accordingly and promote behavioral change to improve physiologic indexes and reduce symptoms.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

Background: This study compared nutritional parameters in hemodialysis (HD) subjects and controls using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and investigated how BIA components changed before and after HD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 147 subjects on maintenance HD from two hospitals and 298 propensity score-matched controls from one healthcare center. BIA was performed pre- and post-HD at mid-week dialysis sessions. Results: Extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) and waist-hip ratio were higher in the HD patients; the other variables were higher in the control group. The cardiothoracic ratio correlated best with overhydration (r = 0.425, P < 0.01) in HD subjects. Blood pressure, hemoglobin, creatinine, and uric acid positively correlated with the lean tissue index in controls; however, most of these nutritional markers did not show significant correlations in HD subjects. Normal hydrated weight was predicted to be higher in the pre-HD than post-HD measurements. Predicted ultrafiltration (UF) volume difference based on pre- and post-HD ECW/TBW and measured UF volume difference showed a close correlation ($r^2=0.924$, P < 0.01). Remarkably, the leg phase angle increased in the post-HD period. Conclusion: The estimated normal hydrated weight using ECW/TBW can be a good marker for determining dry weight. HD subjects had higher ECW/TBW but most nutritional indices were inferior to those of controls. It was possible to predict UF volume differences using BIA, but the post-HD increase in leg phase angle, a nutritional marker, must be interpreted with caution.