• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

The optimum temperature and salinity for long-distance transportation of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were investigated by assessing hematological characteristics and hemocyte mortality. The possible effects of the interaction of temperature and salinity on these attributes were also investigated. No significant difference was found in hematocrit and hemoglobin among experimental conditions. Glucose levels were highest in fish exposed to salinities of 34 psu ($4^{\circ}C$), 18 psu ($4-6^{\circ}C$) and 10 psu ($4-8^{\circ}C$). Cortisol levels were elevated in the lowest temperature group ($4^{\circ}C$), but upper limits decreased with decreasing salinity. AST and ALT increased as temperature decreased at salinities lower than 26 psu. The ratio of living cells was 99.0-99.6% in all experimental groups. The percentage of necrotic cells was highest in fish exposed to salinities of 34 psu ($4^{\circ}C$), 18 psu ($6-8^{\circ}C$), and 10 psu ($4-8^{\circ}C$). The percentage of necrotic cells decreased significantly as temperature and salinity decreased, indicating that both salinity and the interaction of salinity and temperature affected cell necrosis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with four phosphorus (P) additives [mono-calcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP)] on the growth, feed utilization and whole body mineral composition of juvenile olive flounders Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal diet without P supplementation was prepared as a negative control and four supplemental P sources were added at a level of 2%. Triplicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight 11 g) were fed one of the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice a day, at 08:30 and 18:00 for 10 weeks. The final body weights of fish fed the experimental diets ranged from 29.4 g (DCP) to 34.2 g (MCP) and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Similar tendencies were found for all parameters including weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed intake (FI) and survival rate (SR). The hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (g/dL), serum inorganic P and whole body mineral composition did not differ significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Therefore, dietary P addition is not necessary for juvenile olive flounder fed a fish meal-based diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2016

Herein, we report a rare case of hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a young infant treated for Kawasaki disease. A 2-month-old boy presented with fever lasting 3 days, conjunctival injection, strawberry tongue, erythematous edema of the hands, and macular rash, symptoms and signs suggestive of incomplete Kawasaki disease. His fever resolved 8 days after treatment with aspirin and high dose infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin. The hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased from 9.7 g/dL and 27.1% to 7.4 g/dL and 21.3%, respectively. The patient had normocytic hypochromic anemia with anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, immature neutrophils, and nucleated red blood cells. The direct antiglobulin test result was positive, and the reticulocyte count was 1.39%. The patient had an uneventful recovery. However, reticulocytopenia persisted 1 month after discharge.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.485-496
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate nutritional effect of various dietary fibers on lead absorption and metabolism of protein and lipid in growing rats. Forty eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 75.7$\pm$0.7g were blocked into six groups according to body weight and fed six kinds of diet different with fiber source(non-fiber, cellulose, pectin) and lead level(0%, 1% ) for 4 weeks. Results are summerized as follows: 1) Food intake, weight gain, FER and PER were remarkably decreased in lead(Pb) added groups, and FER and PER in Pb-added pectin group were significantly lower than those in Pb-added non-fiber group. 2) Weight of liver, kidney and epididymal fat pad, bone weight and length, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content were decreased in Pb-added groups. 3) Total protein content in serum was tended to be decreased in Pb-added groups, but total lipid and cholesterol contents in serum were not different with dietary Pb level and fiber source. 4) Nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol content in liver were tended to be deceased in Pb-added groups, and especially those of the Pb-added pectin group were the lowest among groups. 5) Daily urinary and fecal excretions of nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol were decreased in Pb-added groups. Especially fecal excretions of nitrogen, lipid and cholesterol in Pb-free groups were significantly increased by dietary cellulose and pectin. 6) Pb content in blood was significantly increased in Pb-added pectin group. There was no significant decrease in Pb contents of liver, kidney and tibia, and increase in excretion of Pb by feeding dietary fibers. In conculsion, dietary fibers had no effect on the absorption of Pb, and dietary pectin seemed to increase Pb poisoning by decreasing bioavailibility of protein, lipid and other nutrients in the diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2009

In patients with type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress could be increased by their metabolic changes. Elevated plasma homocysteine is considered as one of markers of enhanced oxidative stress. Due to oxidative stress, some complications like cardiovascular or renal diseases may develop in type 2 diabetes patients. Plasma homocysteine concentration may be increased if folate status were inadequate. Protective effects against oxidative stress may be diminished if the status of anti-oxidative nutrient as vitamin C was poor. It is, therefore, important to maintain adequate status of folate and vitamin C in type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, this study was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of folate and/or ascorbate on blood glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) level, serum concentrations of homocysteine and cholesterol, plasma oxidized low density-lipoprotein (LDL), concentration and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 92 type 2 diabetes patients participated voluntarily with written consents. They were divided into one of the four experimental groups; Control (C), Folate-supplemented (F), Ascorbate-supplemented (A), and Folate plus ascorbate-supplemented (FA). The subjects in C were taken placebo, those in F were supplemented 1 mg of folate, those in A received 1,000 mg of ascorbate, and those in FA were given 1 mg of folate plus 1,000 mg of ascorbate daily for 4 weeks. Supplementation of folate or ascorbate resulted to increase serum folate level or plasma ascorbate concentration apparently, respectively. Folate supplementation not ascorbate seemed to decrease plasma concentrations of homocysteine and oxidized LDL and reduce plasma GSH-Px activity. There might not be synergic effect of the supplementation of folate plus ascorbate. The results indicate that oxidative stress in the patients with type 2 diabetes may lower mainly by folate supplementation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

Grape products have been known to exert greater antioxidant and anti-obesity than anti-hyperglycemic effects in animals and humans. Omija is used as an ingredient in traditional medicine, and it is known to have an anti-hyperglycemic effect. We investigated whether the combined extracts of grape pomace and omija fruit (GE+OE) could reduce fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic tissues and provide beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either a normal control diet or GE+OE (0.5% grape pomace extract and 0.05% omija fruit extract, w/w) for 7 weeks. GE+OE decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels while increasing adiponectin levels and reducing the total white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, GE+OE lowered plasma free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels as well as hepatic FFA and cholesterol levels. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased in the GE+OE group, whereas hepatic ${\beta}$-oxidation activity was increased. Furthermore, GE+OE supplementation not only reduced hyperglycemia and pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell failure but also lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels was also decreased and the decrease seems to be mediated by the lowered activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases. The present data suggest that GE+OE may have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5941-5944
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• 2014

Purpose: To highlight the potential factors that could predict the response rate of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with pemetrexed combined chemotherapy after first- or second-line chemotherapy using the FOLFOX regimen. Materials and Methods: Between January 2007 and July 2014, 54 patients diagnosed and pathologically-confirmed with advanced colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, were enrolled. They received pemetrexed at a dose of $500mg/m^2$ by 10 minute infusion on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks. Doses were modified depending on nadir counts of blood cells. Combined chemotherapeutic agents included irinotecan, lobaplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, cis-platinum or bevacizumab. Multiple variables (age, sex, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, metastasis sites, LDH, ALP, CEA>40 ug/ml) reported earlier were selected. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate relationships between these and tumor response. Results: On multivariable analysis, we found that age was significant in predicting the responsiveness to pemetrexed (p<0.05) combined with oxaliplatin. We did not find any other factors which were significantly associated with the response rate to chemotherapy with pemetrexed and irinotecan. Conclusions: By multivariate analysis, we found that age had significant impact on the responsiveness of pemetrexed when combined with oxaliplatin. Additional research based on genomic properties of host and tumors are needed to clarify markers for better selection of patients who could benefit from pemetrexed combined chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2005

In order to investigate the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasite infections in Lao PDR, parasitological surveys were carried out on a national scale including 17 Provinces and the Vientiane Municipality. A total of 29,846 stool specimens were collected from primary schoolchildren in May 2000 June 2002 and examined once with the cellophane thick smear technique. The cumulative egg Positive rate For intestinal helminthes was 61.9%, BV species, the rate for As caris lumbricoides was 34.9%, hookworm 19.1%, Trichuris trichiura 25.8%,Opisthorchis viverrini 10.9%, Taenia spp. 0.6% and Hymenolepis spp. 0.2%. The northern mountainous regions suck as Phongsaly, Huaphan or Saysomboune Province showed higher prevalence(over 70%) of soil- transmitted helminthes. The regions along the Mekong River such as Khammuane, Saravaue or Savannakhet Province showed higher prevalence(over 20%)of fish-borne parasites. On the other hand, Schistosoma mekongi eggs were detected from1.7% of schoolchildren only in Champassak Province, a previously known endemic area. The highest prevalence was noted in Phongsaly Province(96.0%) and the lowest in Bolikhamxay Province(27.5%). An additional smal1-scale survey by cellophane anal swab detected Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 35.7% of 451 schoolchildren aged 6-8 in Khammuane, Vientiane, Champassak Province and the Vientiane Municipality. Meanwhile, the mean blood hemoglobin level of hootrworm-infected children was not lower than that of hookworm-uninfected children, suggesting that nutritional factors are more important than parasite infection per se. Nevertheless, the above results indicate that a nationwide parasite control project is necessary to reduce possible morbidity of parasitic diseases in the country.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2000

The effect of oral vitamin e (800IU/day) and C (500mg/day) supplementation for 10 days and/or smoking cessation for 5 days on oxidative damage to the red blood cells (RBC) of male smokers (22.2$\pm$0.2 years old) was studied. RBC were tested for their ability to protect against smoking-induced oxidative damage by measuring heme proteins (carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin), hemolysis and thiobarbiturinc acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma levels of vitamin c, A, E, $\beta$-catotene, total cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) were also analyzed. In experiment one, a comparison was made of heme proteins and lipid damage to RBC, plasma antioxidant status (indexed by plasma levels of vitamin C, E, A and $\beta$-carotene) between smokers(n=56) and non-smokers (n=16). No differences were found in plasma antioxidant status, heme protein damage and TBARS concentration of RBC. In experiment two, 46 fasting male smokers from experiment one were divided into 4 groups. The groups were smoking with placebo group(SP, n=14), smoking cessation with vitamins supplementatin group (SV, n=13), smoking cessation with placebo group (NSP, n=9) and smoking cessation with vitamins supplementation group (NSV, n=10). After supplementing antioxidant vitamins, significant increases were seen in plasma vitamins supplementation group (NSV, n=10). After supplementing antioxidant vitamins, significant increases were seen plasma vitamin C (p<0.05) and vitamin E levels (p<0.05). The plasma vitamin E level was highest in the NSV group. Vitmain E and C supplementation provided some protection against heme proteins and lipid damage by lowering methemoglobin, hemolysis and TBARS concentration of RBC. Smoking cessation significantly decreased TBARS of RBC and plasma total cholesterol concentration. Supplementing vitamin E and C with smoking cessation considerably lowered plasma total cholesterol. These results point to a special association among smoking, oxidative damage and plasma antioxidant vitamin status. They indicate that increases in plasma antioxidant status can be detected after the supplementation of vitamin C and E and that smoking cessation had an additional effect on plasma vitamin E level. The present data suggest that improved antioxidant status induced by antioxidant supplementation or smoking cessation may help prevent oxidative damage in smokers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.323-332
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• 1986

This study was performed to see the effects of lead poisoning and dietary protein levels(6, 15 and 40 % casein diets) on growth, protein and lipid metabolisms in growing rats. It was also investigated whether the high protein intake would alleviate lead toxicity by decreasing Pb absorption and/or increasing Pb excretion. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) Weight gain, F.E.R liver weight, weight and length of bone in Pb-administered groups were lower than in Pb-free groups. However, these values in the 40% casein diet group with Pb were increased to the level in 15% casein diet group without Pb. 2) Hematocrt and hemoglobin content in blood were lower in Pb -adminstered groups than in Pb free groups. Especially, these levels were lower in 6% casein diet group with Pb than in any other group. 3) Plasma protein level in th e 40% casein casein diet group was the highest of all groups and those of Pb-administered groups tended to be lower than those of Pb-free groups. Plasma lipid and cholesterol levels were increased with decreasing dietary protein level, and these levels were higher in the animals exposed to Pb than in free groups.4) Total liver protein, lipid and cholesterol contents were increased with increasing dietary protein level, and these contents were lower in Pb-administered groups than in Pb free groups. 5) Fecal Pb excretion was not different between 6 and 40% casein diet groups. However, urinary Pb excretion was higher in the 40% casein diet group than in the 6% casein diet group. Above results suggest that, in exposing to the Pb pollution, sufficient protien intake must be recommended. High protein intake seemed to alleviate lead toxicity by increasing urinary Pb excretion.