• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted on crossbred male calves to study the effect of arsenic (As) on immunity status and certain hematological parameters. Ten crossbred male calves of 3-4 months of age were distributed into two equal groups. Group I was kept as control, whereas, group II was supplemented daily with 50 ppm As (as $As_sO_3$) up to 90 days, in the diet. Calves of both groups were fed as per ICAR standards and their requirements were fulfilled by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats. All calves were kept under similar managemental conditions. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals to estimate various haematological parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Serum Ig and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also measured. Cell-mediated immune responses of the calves were monitored at 0, 45 and 90 of experimental feeding, through lymphocyte proliferation. No change in blood total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and SGPT was observed with As supplementation. A decrease in SOD activity was noticed in group II calves. Stimulation index (SI) for lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 1.14 to 0.79 in group II calves during 90 days experimental feeding, whereas, there was no change in SI values in group I indicating significant decrease in immune response of As supplemented calves. Blood As concentration increased in group II calves with the decrease in immune response. Short term supplementation of As to growing calves suggested suppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity. However, long term experiments are required to demonstrate clearly the efects of this toxic metal in calves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2011

Methylcyclohexane is frequently used in industrial sites (2,592tons/year) as rubber adhesives, ink, paint thinners, organic solvents, and so on. However, there are limited data on the toxic evaluation of methylcyclohexane. This study aims to predict the hazards and neurological effects of methylcyclohexane using SD rats in order to prevent health disorders of workers. The OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals (OECD, 2001) was used as a reference during the tests. For 13 weeks (once a day, five days per week) 0, 10, 100 and 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane was injected to SD rats to observe any changes in the body or organ weight, hematology, histopathology, mobility, blood pressure, and neurotransmitter. As a result, some male and female SD rats injected with 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane died. On the other hand, surviving rats showed significant changes such as hematological changes involving the decrease in the number of red blood corpuscles, and the decrease or increase in the weight of the lungs, kidneys, spleens, and livers (p< 0.05, p<0.01). Also histopathological lesions were observed in the hearts and kidneys. In the test for the effect on the nervous system, SD rats injected with 100mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane had higher blood pressure levels compared to the control group. However, no abnormal effects was observed in the mobility, serotonin, neurotransmitter, and the biopsy of the brain and coronary arteries. The study results revealed that the livers, hearts, and kidneys were affected by methylcyclohexane. The absolute toxic dose of methylcyclohexane is 1,000mg/kg/day, NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day, and it is not a toxic substance to the nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1208-1214
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• 1997

This study was designed to know the effect of kimchi on the hematological and immunological parameters in vivo and in vitro, respectively. To study the effects of kimchi on the hematological parameters, rats(S.D., male) were divided into 4 groups and fed diets containing of 3%, 5% and 10% kimchi or kimchi free diet(control) for 6 weeks. The results of CBC(complete blood cell) tests obtained from the bloods of rates were as follows ; In 10% kimchi group, the level of WBC(white blood cells), RBC(red blood cells), Hgb(hemoglobin), Hct(hematocrit) were increased significantly than those of control group(p<0.05). MCV(mean corpuscular volume), one of the red cell indices, was also increased significantly in the animals fed 10% kimchi(p<0.05). RDW(Red cell distritution width) and PCT(plateletcrit) was lowest in 10% kimchi group(p<0.05). To examine the effects of kimchi on immune cell growth in vitro, three types of mouse immune cells-spleen cells, bone marrow cells, thymus cells-were cultured with extracts of salted Chinese cabbage, fresh kimchi and fermented kimchi(for 1 week) for 12 or 20 days. Control was supplemented with PBS(phosphate buffer saline) excluding kimchi extract. The results of spleen cell, bone marrow cell, and thymus cell cultures showed similar tendency: control medium accelerated death of cells, extracts of salted Chinese cabbage reduced the rate of cell death, and extracts of fresh kimchi and fermented kimchi promoted cell growth. From these results, it could be suggested that kimchi possibly has an effect on the hematopoietic ability and increases immune cell development and growth in vivo.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2023

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of Ajmodadi Churna (AC) and its effect on Complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.2 mL CFA into sub plantar surface of left hind paw. Test sample AC-1 and AC-2, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively was given to the animals for 21 consecutive days. The increase in swelling was observed after induction of arthritis. The paw edema was measured on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 day using Vernier caliper after the induction of arthritis. The collected blood samples further used for the estimation of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), and hemoglobin (Hb), using hematology analyzer. Serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were also measured using rat ELISA kits. Results: Results showed that a significant reduction in paw edema was observed in AC-2 treated rats. The paw edema was restored on day 21 was 4.48 mm for AC-2, which is near to the control group. The arthritis score in treated rats was found to be considerably lower than in the control group i.e. 0.83 for AC-2 and 1.50 for AC-1. A decrease in levels of RBC and hemoglobin were observed in arthritic rats. Inflammation was significantly reduced and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were lowered after treatment with the test drug. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that AC possess significant anti-arthritic activity. Furthermore, this condition was linked to a reduction in abnormal humoral immune responses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.483-493
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• 2024

Background: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced lung cancer is increasing. Despite ongoing studies to predict the efficacy of ICIs, its use in clinical practice remains difficult. Thus, we aimed to discover a predictive marker by analyzing blood cell characteristics and developing a scoring system for patients treated with ICIs. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter study in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received ICIs as second-line treatment from June 2021 to November 2022. Blood cell parameters in routine blood samples were evaluated using an automated hematology analyzer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor score (IChIS) was calculated as the sum of neutrophil count score and immature granulocyte score. Results: A total of 143 patients from four institutions were included. The treatment response was as follows: partial response, 8.4%; stable disease, 37.1%; and progressive disease, 44.8%. Median progression-free survival and overall survival after ICI treatment was 3.0 and 8.3 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival in patients with an IChIS of 0 was 4.0 months, which was significantly longer than 1.9 months in patients with an IChIS of 1 and 1.0 month in those with an IChIS of 2 (p=0.001). The median overall survival in patients with an IChIS of 0 was 10.2 months, which was significantly longer than 6.8 and 1.8 months in patients with an IChIS of 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Baseline IChIS could be a potential biomarker for predicting survival benefit of immunotherapy in NSCLC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.894-900
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• 2005

Purpose : Because of the unavailability of marrow transplantation, umbilical cord blood (CB) is increasingly being used. We evaluated the potential of ex vivo expansion and clonality in CD34+ cells separated from cord blood source and mobilized peripheral blood (PB) in a serum-free media. Methods : The CD34+ cells, selected from CB and mobilized PB, were expanded with hematopoietic growth factors. They were then cultured for burst-forming units of erythrocytes (BFU-E), colony-forming units of granulocytes and monocytes (CFU-GM) and colony-forming units of megakaryocytes (CFU-Mk) at culture days 0, day 4, day 7, and day 14 with various growth factors. Results : The CB-selected CD34+ cells showed significantly higher total cell expansion than those from the PB at day 7 (2 fold increase than PB). The CB-selected CD34+ cells produced more BFU-E colonies than did the PB on culture at days 7 and at day 14. Also, the CB-selected CD34+ cells produced more CFU-Mk colonies than did the PB on culture at day 4 and at day 7. Conclusion : The ex vivo expansion of the CB cells may be promising in producing total cellular expansion, CFU-Mk and BFU-E compared with PB for 7 to 14 days. The growth factors combination including megakaryocyte growth and development, flt3-ligand and interleukin-3 showed more expansion in the view of total cells and clonal maintenance compared with less combination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.654-659
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• 1995

Background: Tuberculosis has commonly been associated with various hematologic changes. A difference between the changes found in pulmonary tuberculosis and those found in miliary tuberculosis has been discussed. Up to now some worker were investigated hematological changes associated with pulmonary tuberculosis but was not investigated those associated with miliary tuberculosis in korea. Therefore we examimed the peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in miliary tuberculosis patients to determine hematologic changes. Methods: We performed blood sample at admission and bone marrow biopsy within 7days after admission. For evaluation of the hematologic findings, full blood counts and marrow differential counts were defined by the criteria outlined by Dacie and Lewis. Results: 1) Peripheral blood findings: Pancytopenia in 10% of patients, anemia in all patients, leukocytosis in 10% of patients, leukopenia in 20% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 30% of patients, lymphocytopenia in 90% of patients, monocytosis in 40% of patients and neutrophilia in 10% of patients were found at peripheral blood. 2) Bone marrow findings: Lymphocytopenia in 30% of patients, lymphocytosis in 20% of patients, plasmacytosis in 40% of patients, monocytosis in 100% of patients, and hypocellularity in 30% of patients were found at bone marrow. Erythropoiesis was decreased in 30% of patients. Granulopoiesis was decreased in 20% of patients and increased in 20% of patients. Bone morrow granuloma occured in 25% of patients. Conclusion: Hematologic changes of miliary tuberculosis were seen tendency of cytopenic pattern but monocyte was increased at peripheral blood and bone morrow. This findings would provide additional information for the differential diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2018

A 72-year-old man with general weakness visited the outpatient clinic of the hematology department. The patient had been treated under the diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia for 2 years. His hemoglobin level at the time of the visit was 6.3 g/dL, and a blood transfusion was requested to treat his anemia. The patient's blood type was A, RhD positive. Antibody screening and identification test showed agglutination in all reagent cells with a positive reaction to autologous red blood cells (RBCs). He had a prior transfusion history with three least incompatible RBCs. The patient returned home after receiving one unit of leukoreduced filtered RBC, which was the least incompatible blood in the crossmatching test. After approximately five hours, however, fever, chills, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and hematuria appeared and the patient returned to the emergency room next day after the transfusion. The $anti-Fy^a$ antibody, which was masked by the autoantibody, was identified after autoadsorption using polyethylene glycol. He was diagnosed with an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to $anti-Fy^a$ that had not been detected before the transfusion. In this setting, it is necessary to consider the identification of coexisting alloantibodies in patients with autoantibodies and to become more familiar with the method of autoantibody adsorption.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 1999

In order to establish basic data of SAMP6 as an animal model for osteoporosis, present study has been designed to concentrate on the various biological aspects of SAMP6 such as growth index, hematology, blood biochemistry, biochemical characteristics, and bone and cortical thickness. Investigation period was for 15 months (3 months to 18 months of age) and biological characteristics have been examined throughout the study period. The results were summarized as follows : Decreased body weight of male SAMP6 was noticed from 7 months of age compared to from 18 months of age in female. Although there were no significant differences in organ weights, generally those of male mice were greater than those of females, especially in liver, kidney and lung. According to the analysis of blood biochemistry and hematology, the number of leukocytes in male mice was greater than that of female mice. There was a decrease in bone thickness in both male and female mice starting around from 7 months of age. Peak cortical thickness index was noticed at 5 months of age in both sexes. In femur, the highest $Ca^{2+}$ content for both sexes was noticed at 5 months of age, whereas the highest P$^{3+}$ content was noted at the age of 5 and 7 months in male and female mice, respectively. The contents of both elements were gradually decreased with age after peaks for both sexes. In summary, SAMP6 mice in KRICT colony show osteoporotic characteristics starting from 5 to 7 months of age, suggesting that at least 5 months of old animals should be used for studying the mechanism of osteoporosis or screening anti-osteoporosis drugs. This study also suggests that the cortical index thickness, $Ca^{2+}$ and P$^{3+}$ contents, and alkaline phosphatase activities can be used as indexes for drug screening.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.66-78
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of iso-butylalcohol on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which were treated 0, 333, 1,000 and 3,000 ppm for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks by inhalation. Iso-butylalcohol did not induce any abnormal change in the viewpoint of clinical signs, feed consumption, ophthalmic test, urinalysis, hematology and blood biochemistry during and at the termination of the inhalation toxicity test. We did not find any abnormal findings in the gross and microscopic observations due to the inhalation of iso-butylalcohol. There was no alteration in relative organ weight owing to the inhalation of the iso-butylalcohol. In conclusion, concentration was 3,000 ppm in rats under the inhalation of 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 13 week. Iso-butylalcohol did not show any change in the clinical signs, feed consumption, ophthalmic test, urinalysis, hematology and blood biochemistry, together with no alteration in the gross and pathological findings.