• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.359-369
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• 1996

An effective candidate subunit vaccine was prepared by using the immunostimulating complexs(ISCOMs) with Quil A and recombinant protein(gp50, gIII and inactive $\alpha$-ADV) Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV). The weaned pigs were twice immunized with a ADV-ISCOMs, and followed by intramuscular challenge with $1{\times}10^4$ $TCID_{50}$ ADV(strain Yangsan). The unvaccinated pigs were also challenged with same dose of ADV. At 5 days after challenge, the control pigs have developed ADV clinical signs. Whereas, the vaccinated pigs protected them from ADV-induced acute symptoms and death. Also, to identify the lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood with pigs from ADV-ISCOMs vaccinated and control group, lymphocyte reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which are specific to swine leukocyte surface antigens and assayed by the flow cytometry. MHC class I, CD2, CD8, N cells, CD11a, and CD45 antigen positive cells were decreased after inoculating virulent ADV Yangsan strain in control group. The data indicated that ISCOMs technique was useful in ADV subunit vaccine preparation and demonstrated the importance of gp50, gIII as a component of ADV vaccine.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.348-364
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• 1990

The activities of twenty-one flavonoids and their related compounds on the hypersensitivity reaction against various antigens were studied in vitro and in vivo. 1. Generally flavonoids inhibited significantly the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by reaginic antibody as compared as anaphylaxis by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and so more strongly active in the IgE-mediated anaphylaxis than non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. 2. Flavonids inhibited remarkably Arths reaction, hemolysin titer, delayed hypersensitivity, haemagglutinin titer, rosette forming cells and plague forming cells against sheep red blood cells, and so it exhibited that flavonoids inhibited type 2, 3 and 4 hypersensitivity. 3. Quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, disodium cromoglycate, malvin and baicalein were active dose-dependently in the all types of hypersensitivity. Fisetin, daidzein, morin, narigin, flavone, catechin, rutin, hesperidin, neophsperidin, apigenin and chrysin were significantly active in the various types of hypersensitivity, but apigenin, rutin and catechin were less active in the delayed hypersensitivity. Taxifolin was significantly active in PCA and histamine-induced anaphylaxis except other types of hypersensitivity. Rotenone and cyanin also inhibited all types of hypersensitivity, but they are toxic. 4. Based on these results from hypersensitivity, the following flavonoid structure-activity relationships became apparent. 1) Flavonoids with $C_{2-3}$ double bond in C-ring were more active than that of $C_{2-3}$ saturation. 2) Flavonoids with $C_4$ ketone group in C-ring were more active than abscence of them except catechin and malvin. 3) Flavonoids with benzene ring at positions 2 or 3 in C-ring exhibited same activities. 4) Flavonoids with opening of the C-ring does not abolish their activities. 5) The glycosylated flavonoids in position 3 or 7 was less active than their aglycone. 6) Flavonoids with the more hydroxy group in A and B-ring were more active. 7) Flavonoids with or without $C_3-OH$ did not change their activities.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2008

목 적 : 결핵 감염 관리에 있어서 잠복 결핵 감염을 찾아 내어 예방적 화학요법을 시행하는 것은 주요 핵심이다. 결핵에 노출된 소아에서 잠복 결핵 감염 진단을 위해 투베르쿨린 피부반응과 최근 널리 쓰이기 시작한 체외 검사법으로 결핵 특이항원 자극에 의한 T 세포의 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 분비능 측정 (QFT-G IT)이 있다. 잠복 결핵 감염 진단에 있어 두 검사법의 차이를 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 10월 1일부터 2007년 4월 30일까지 6개월 간 총 111명의 소아를 대상으로 투베르쿨린 반응과 QFT-G IT 검사를 시행하였고, 동일 기간 내인 2개월 간 진단 된 성인 결핵 환자 29명에서 동일한 검사 결과를 후향적으로 알아보았다. 결 과 : 결핵 환자와의 가까운 접촉력을 주소로 내원한 무증상의 환자 33명 중 15% (5명)에서 QFT-G IT 검사 양성 소견을 보였고, 투베르쿨린 피부반응은 42% (14명)에서 양성결과를 보여 두 검사 간의 일치율은 낮았다(${\kappa}=0.39$). 성인 결핵 환자에서 QFT-G IT 양성율은 86.2%였고, 결핵균 배양 검사 양성율은 48.2%였다. 배양검사 양성이면서 QFT-G IT 음성이었던 환자는 12.5%였다. 결 론 : 소아에서 잠복 결핵 감염을 진단함에 있어 가족력을 근저에 둔 투베르쿨린 피부반응 검사를 시행하되 접촉력이 불분명하거나 지속적이지 않았을 경우 혹은 BCG 접종 효과로 의심되는 경우 결핵균 특이항원 자극 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 분비능 측정이 보조적 수단으로 사용 될 수 있을 지는 아직 확실하지 않으며 향후 수년 간 다 기관 연구가 필요하다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

Theileria sergenti merozoite의 면역원성 polypeptide중 29, 34, 35 그리고 105KD를 함유한, 수용성 항원을 흘스타인 송아지 (1개월령)에게 접종한 후, 제주도의 야외 목장에 방목시킴으로써 진드기로부터 병원성 충주의 도전에 따른 항원의 효력, 안전성 그리고 방어력을 관찰하였다. 즉 송아지 20두에 수용성 항원(100 mg/dose)을 Freund's adjuvant와 함께 1차 접종, 4주 후에 추가접종하였으며, 다른 20두의 송아지를 대조군으로 사용하였다. 추가접종 5주 후에 이들 송아지를 야외 목장에 방목, 매월 혈액학적 그리고 생화학적 변화를 관찰하였다 예방접종군에 있어서 hematocrit와 총적혈구수는 진드기 도전 전과 비교하여 약간의 변화를 인정할 수 있었다. 일반적인 혈액학적 소견은 예방접종군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 인정할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 7월에 있어서 적혈구내 기생률은 예방접종군에 있어서는 0.4%이었으나, 대조군에 있어서는 약 3.6%이었다. 체중 증가율, albumin, aspartate alninotransferase, total protein, 그리고 bilirubin에 있어서도 유의한 차이 (p<0.05)를 인정할 수 있었다. 예방접종군의 혈액학적 그리고 생화학적 측정치는 대조군 보다는 정상치에 접근하였다. 실험종료 직후에 있어서 예방접종군의 30% 송아지와 대조군의 모든 송아지의 치료와 대조군 중 25%는 수혈이 요구되었다. T. sergenti merozoite의 수용성 항원에 대한 이 같은 연구 결과는 앞으로 유전공학적 백신제조를 위한 연구자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2006

In order to search the availability of the lectin extracted from Korean mistletoe(Viscum album coloratum) as an adjuvant for the avian vaccines, attempts were made to determine toxicity of the lectin in chicks and its immunostimulating activity on the inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease virus(NDV). For the determination of toxicity, the lectin was injected into the thigh muscle of SPF chicks(Charles River) of 1-week-old and observed hematologically and pathologically. For the determination of immunostimulating effects, lectin-adjuvanted, inactivated NDV vaccines were injected into the thigh muscle of SPF chicks in the same age group. Sera of the chicks were examined for the hemagglutination-inhibition(HI) antibodies induced, their HI titers and reaction to the NDV antigens. The data were further compared with those from aluminum hydroxide [$Al(OH)_3$]-adjuvanted vaccines and vaccines without adjuvant, and the results are as follows. There were no significant changes observed in the values of RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine and total proteins in the chicks administered with lectin of 1.1, 2.2 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, which means the lectin has no effects on blood values and functions of liver and kidney. In histopathologic observation, no lesions were observed in the brain, heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, thymus and bursa of Fabricius of the chicks administered with lectin of 1.1, 2.2 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight. There were inflammatory lesions, such as congestion, hemorrhage, edema, infiltration of macrophages and coagulation necrosis observed in the thigh muscle of chicks administered with lectin of $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, whereas no changes were observed in 1.1 and $22.2{\mu}g/kg$ lectin administered chicks. In chicks immunized with lectin($4.4{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted B1, LaSota and Ulster 2C vaccines, HI titers in reciprocal values for $log_2$ were 1.8-2.2 at 1 week after vaccination, which was similar with those of 1.5-2.9 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines. The HI titers by the lectin-adjuvanted vaccines reached to 3.9-5.3 at 4 weeks, whereas those by the $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines were more high as 7.3-9.3. Meanwhile, the immunostimulating effects of the lectin were recognized while compared to the HI titers with 2.4-3.7 in chicks immunized with vaccines without adjuvants at 4 weeks after vaccination. The chicks immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccines were enough to resist challenges by Kyojeongwon strain, a very virulent NDV at 4 weeks after vaccination as well as chicks immunized with $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines. The HI titers by the lectin-adjuvanted vaccines reached to high level as 8.7-10.3 as those with 8.2-9.6 by the $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines at 6 weeks after vaccination, which may be the booster effects by the challenge virus. Antibodies specific to the HN and F antigens of NDV were observed in the sera of both chicks immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccines and $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2010

This work was conducted to examine the variation of immunoglobulins (Igs) in serum, immune milk, normal milk and colostrum upon implantation of a new Antigen Releasing Device (ARD). The core of each ARD housed an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) that was made of adjuvant Quil A and type XIII lipase from a Pseudomonas sp. Each ARD was coated with polylactic acid, known as polylactide, that controls antigen release. Twenty lactating Chinese Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups (n = 10): test group and control group. All cows in the test group were implanted with a single injection in the right iliac lymph node with 3 types of ARDs, which were designed to release the antigens at d 0, 14 and 28 post-implantation. Blood and milk samples were collected from both groups, and colostrum samples were also collected from other post-partum cows in the same farm. Concentrations of $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM in whey and serum were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results showed that the $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM concentrations in serum and whey from the test group were higher than from the control group. Among the three Igs measured, the $IgG_1$ concentration in serum was significantly higher at d 40 after ARD implantation, and the $IgG_1$ concentration in whey peaked at d 9, 17 and 30, which corresponded with release of the antigen. Based on Pearson's correlation between Ig concentration and production parameters, IgA concentration in normal milk was positively correlated with lactation period, which reflected IgA changes during the lactation period in immune milk. In colostrum, $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM decreased abruptly from d 0 to 3, and then decreased slightly. In conclusion, serum $IgG_1$ concentration can be affected by controlled release of the ARD, while whey IgA levels are primarily affected by lactation period. These results may be useful in future studies designed to regulate concentrations of Igs in immune milk.

• 대한이식학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2018

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major complication after ABO-incompatible liver transplantation. According to the 2016 Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Criteria for the diagnosis of acute AMR, a positive serum donor specific antibody (DSA) is needed. On the other hand, the clinical significance of the histological findings of AMR in the absence of DSA is unclear. This paper describes a 57-year-old man (blood type, O+) who suffered from hepatitis B virus cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Pre-operative DSA and cross-matching were negative. After transplantation, despite the improvement of the liver function, acute AMR was observed in the protocol biopsy on postoperative day 7; the cluster of differentiation 19+ (CD19+) count was 0% and anti-ABO antibody titers were 1:2. This paper presents the allograft injury like AMR in the absence of DSA after ABOi living donor liver transplantation with low titers of anti-ABO antibody and depleted serum CD19+ B cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5183-5188
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• 2012

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most widespread malignancies in the world. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies considering colorectal cancer risk factors among Russian populations, particularly in Siberia. The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of various lifestyle, dietary, family, and socioeconomical factors on colorectal cancer risk in South-East Siberia. We recruited 185 Russian colorectal cancer cases and 210 gender-, age-, and ethnicity-matched asymptomatic controls with no history of any malignant tumor, using a specially designed questionnaire to obtain relevant information. After the statistical analysis, we defined several significant factors affecting colorectal cancer risk. Among these were smoking (OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.4-3.24, P=0.0004), being overweight (BMI between 25-30, OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.49-4.03, P=0.0004), alcohol drinking (OR=8.73, 95%CI=5.49-13.87, P<0.0001), beer drinking (OR=9.24, 95%CI=5.14-16.61, P<0.0001), consumption of hard liquor (OR=9.37, 95%CI=5.92-14.82, P<0.0001), excessive red meat consumption (P<0.0001), excessive intake of red meat products (P<0.0001), excessive intake of dairy products (P<0.0001), excessive sour cream and cheese consumption (P<0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively), spicy food consumption (OR=2.87, 95%CI=1.9-4.33, P<0.0001), family history of gastrointestinal malignant tumors (OR=3.99, 95%CI=2.09-7.59, P<0.0001), and income exceeding twice the subsistence minimum (OR=5.34, 95%CI=3.35-8.53, P<0.0001). Certain factors, such as high concentration of salt in the food and precancerous colonic lesions, demonstrated borderline significance (OR=3.45, 95%CI=1.68-7.1, P=0.0008, and OR=5.25, 95%CI=1.94-14.22, P=0.001, respectively). Some factors were established as protective, like consumption of rye bread and both rye and wheat bread (OR=0.32, 95%CI=0.21-0.5, P<0,0001, and OR=0.07, 95%CI=0.02-0.21, P<0.0001, respectively), and also low concentration of salt in the food, although this was of borderline significance (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.26-0.69, P=0.0006). ABO and Rhesus blood antigens were not associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. These results should be definitely applied for elaboration of programs of colorectal cancer prevention in Russia, particularly in Siberia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2010

배경: CD1-restricted T 세포는 동물모델실험에서 항암면역에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 보고가 있다. 이를 임상에서 확인하기 위해 원발성 폐선암환자의 말초혈액에 존재하는 CD1c+ 골수성 수지상 세포의 수 및 수지상 세포에서의 동시자극 표지자 중 주요 표지자인 CD40, CD86 및 HLA-DR의 발현 양상을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 영상의학적으로 원발성 폐암이 의심되거나 조직학적으로 폐암으로 확진되어 외과적 폐절제 또는 생검을 시행한 총 24명의 환자를 원발성 폐선암 환자군(Primary adenocarinoma of lung, PACL)과 원발성 편병상피세포폐암군(Primary squamous cell carcinoma of lung, PSqCL) 및 양성폐질환군(Benign lung disease, BLD)군으로 나누고, 말초혈액 20 mL을 채취하여 수지상 세포를 분리하고 단일클론 항체를 이용하여 CD1c+ 골수성 세포의 수 및 수지상 세포에서의 동시자극 표지자 중 주요 표지자들의 발현정도를 유체세포측정기를 이용하여 확인하고 두 군 간의 통계적 차이 유무를 확인하였다. 결과: CD1c+ 골수성 수지상 세포(CD1c+CD19-)의 수는 PACL, PSqCL 및 BLD군 모두 그 차이가 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 공동자극표지자의 발현은 PACL군과 BLD군에서는 CD40의 발현이 p-value=0.171, CD86의 발현이 p-value=0.037과 HLA-DR의 발현이 p-value=0.036로 PACL군에서 감소한 것을 통계학적으로 확인할 수 있었다. PACL군과 PSqCL군 간에는 CD40의 발현이 p-value=0.319, CD86의 발현이 p-value= 0.036과 HLA-DR의 발현이 p-value=0.085로 PACL군에서 공동표지자의 발현이 감소한 양상이나 통계적 유의성은 CD86의 발현 외에는 없었다. PSqCL군과 BLD군간에는 공동표지자의 발현에 통계적 차이는 없었다. PACL군과 비선암군간에는 CD40의 발현이 p-value=0.005, CD86의 발현이 p-value=0.013과 HLA-DR의 발현이 p-value=0.004로 PACL군에서 공동표지자의 발현이 감소한 것을 통계학적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: CD1c+ 골수성 수지상 세포에서 원발성 폐선암 환자에서 주요 표지자의 발현이 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 원발성 폐선암 환자에서 주요 표지자의 발현의 감소가 면역회피기전의 하나일 수 있는 가능성 및 수지상 세포에 의하여 유발되는 면역반응은 수지상 세포의 표지자의 발현 정도에 의해 결정된다는 가능성을 제시한다.