• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1964-1973
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) for myocardial bridging-related ischemia using dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) as a reference standard. Materials and Methods: Dynamic CT-MPI and coronary CT angiography (CCTA) data obtained from 498 symptomatic patients were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-five patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.7 ± 13.2 years; 48 males) who showed myocardial bridging in the left anterior descending artery without concomitant obstructive stenosis on the imaging were included. The change in CT-FFR across myocardial bridging (ΔCT-FFR, defined as the difference in CT-FFR values between the proximal and distal ends of the myocardial bridging) in different cardiac phases, as well as other anatomical parameters, were measured to evaluate their performance for diagnosing myocardial bridging-related myocardial ischemia using dynamic CT-MPI as the reference standard (myocardial blood flow < 100 mL/100 mL/min or myocardial blood flow ratio ≤ 0.8). Results: ΔCT-FFR_systolic (ΔCT-FFR calculated in the best systolic phase) was higher in patients with vs. without myocardial bridging-related myocardial ischemia (median [interquartile range], 0.12 [0.08-0.17] vs. 0.04 [0.01-0.07], p < 0.001), while CT-FFR_systolic (CT-FFR distal to the myocardial bridging calculated in the best systolic phase) was lower (0.85 [0.81-0.89] vs. 0.91 [0.88-0.96], p = 0.043). In contrast, ΔCT-FFR_diastolic (ΔCT-FFR calculated in the best diastolic phase) and CT-FFR_diastolic (CT-FFR distal to the myocardial bridging calculated in the best diastolic phase) did not differ significantly. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that ΔCT-FFR_systolic had largest area under the curve (0.822; 95% confidence interval, 0.717-0.901) for identifying myocardial bridging-related ischemia. ΔCT-FFR_systolic had the highest sensitivity (91.7%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (97.8%). ΔCT-FFR_diastolic had the highest specificity (85.7%) for diagnosing myocardial bridging-related ischemia. The positive predictive values of all CT-related parameters were low. Conclusion: ΔCT-FFR_systolic reliably excluded myocardial bridging-related ischemia with high sensitivity and NPV. Myocardial bridging showing positive CT-FFR results requires further evaluation.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.236-261
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• 2009

'Jeom-hyeol-gigong(點穴氣功)' gives a drill, Gi(氣) as a place to jam. This pathogen(邪氣) is removed. Given the low places and supplement it energy to flow up the well is the cure. This is an internal organ and muscular Gi allows a natural flow. Blood, one that moves and guides Gi is Gi I still feel that it makes any blood, making you feel good in life is flowing with vitality. Gi driving our whole body, while supplying vital energy and blood circulation, helping to defend the body is functioning. 'Jeom-hyeol-gigong' principle of Gi where the blockages to flow naturally energy is to let the flow. Aura of the voluntary and proactive action will be to have healthy bodies. Gi as a whole-body blood circulation leading to the cells in each tissue to supply energy and nutrients to every cell as the original principles of free activities that will maximize your life. Gi to prevent the three causes Internal causes: 5 greed and 7 emotions External causes: climate, food, pathogens, stress, etc. The internal nor the external causes: internal and external factors that cause the complex elements, incorrect position of the bone caused by an imbalance Heart disease will be police officers and raise their resistance to disease than the body, what jung-gi(正氣) have to develop. Beneficial to human body's resistance to raise the jung-gi people young-gi(營氣) and wi-gi(衛氣) should be enhanced. If the form is perfectly possible, Gi cycle itself should not have to breathe. Abdominal diagnosis 'bok-su-ap-an-beop(伏手壓按法)', 'sam-ji-tam-an-beop(三指探按法)' hands are like this, which outlined five viscera in order to understand the problem, the lower side of the clavicle (lung), the pit of stomach (Heart), both the lower ribs (liver), navel below (kidney) can be diagnosed at such areas. In each area of the skin, abdominal muscle tension, aching, or pressing a fuss about, beating the ruling of the state and the problem is a clue. And mo-hyeol(募穴) and certain Acupressure group, the chest, back, belly, so that scattered around each' book 'of the problem can be found. This is also the target of such a diagnosis, such as shape, color of skin, muscle Mostly the scope of the pitch in the cervical spine is broad across the hips. sugi(手氣) method that 'an method(按法) and 'ma method(摩法), bak method(拍法) is.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2016

본 연구는 맥박산소측정기를 이용하여 광용적맥파 파형의 원데이터를 기록하고 분석함으로써 치수 생활력 측정에 이 원데이터 분석의 적용가능성을 살펴보고 정상 치수 생활력을 갖는 소아환자의 상악 중절치에 대한 광용적맥파 파형의 파라미터에 대한 기초 자료를 마련할 목적으로 시행되었다. 상악 중절치에 대해 정상 치수 생활력을 갖고 전신질환이 없는 30명의 환아(남 16명, 여 14명, 평균연령 11.4세)를 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 맞춤형 센서와 맥박산소측정기를 이용하여 측정하였으며 측정결과는 적색 파장과 적외선 파장의 원데이터 형태로 기록되었고 LabChart(v.7.3, ADInstruments, Germany)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 소아에서 정상 치수생활력을 갖는 상악 중절치에 대한 광용적맥파 파형의 파라미터의 기준값을 제시할 수 있었으며 소아의 치수혈류측정에 이러한 광용적맥파 파형 분석이 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1247-1254
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• 2003

현재 경동맥 내막절제술 시행을 위한 경동맥 협착증의 정도 측정에는 디지털감산조영술(DSA), 회전조영술(rotational angiography), 컴퓨터단층조영술(CTA) 및 자기공명조영술(MRA)로부터 얻어진 경동맥의 투영 영상을 이용하여 북미, 유럽 표준 및 총경동맥 방법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 기계적인 측경기를 이용하는 전형적인 경동맥 협착 측정 방법의 단점을 극복하고, 측정자간의 변화율을 최소화하기 위해 자기공명조영술의 단면 영상을 사용하고 컴퓨터화한 새로운 협착증 정도 측정 방법을 개발하였다. 영상 분할에 사용되는 방법중 가장 널리 사용되고 효율적인 명암값 임계치 방법을 사용하여 경동맥 및 동맥의 내강을 분할하였다. 또한, 각 증례의 측정된 총경동맥의 혈관두께를 사용하여 분할된 경동맥으로부터 혈관을 제거 하였고, 혈관이 제거된 경동맥을 혈류 영역과 플라그 영역으로 분할하였다. 각 단면 영상에서의 경동맥 협착증 정도 측정은 (분할된 플라그 영역/혈류영역 및 플라그를 합한 면적) * 100% 식으로 계산된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.295-305
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• 1988

It has been well known that the renal cortical blood flow rate was much higher than that of the medulla and the renal blood flow distribution was affected by hemorrhage, volume expansion or salt-loading. The existance of the heterogeneities of glomerular filtration rate and nephron has also been reported. In order to understand the regulations and physiological roles of the heterogeneities, studies on the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system have been focused. Although it is well known that the granularity of iuxtaglomerular cells and renal renin content are more marked in superficial than in the deep glomeruli, their physiological significance is not quite clear. This study was therefore undertaken to clarify changes in renin response and isoelectric ronin profile to TMB-8 in outer, mid and inner cotices of normotensive and hypertensive rats. The basal rate of renin release was highest in outer cortex of Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR), Wistar rat (WR) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The basal renin release from outer and inner cortex of SHR was significantly lower than that from those of SDR. The reponse of renin release to TM8-8 was highest in mid cortex and the increase of renin release in response to TMB-8 from inner cortex of SDR was significantly higher than that in SHR. In dehydrated rats, the basal renin release from renal cortical slices of SDR was increased but that from WR and SHR was not. The response of renin release to TMB-8 from mid and inner cortex of dehydrated WR tended to increase. In dehyrated SHR, increase of renin release from inner cortex was significantly higher than that in euhydrated SHR. No significant differences in the isoelectric renin profile were found both in different cortical areas and strains. In dehydrated rats, the percentage of renin form 2 was decreased and those of renin form 5 and 6 were increased. These results suggest that the heterogeneity of renin release from cortical area of euhydrated and dehydrated rats in response to TMB-8 may be related to the changes of renal blood flow and/or calcium metabolism in cortical area. These data also suggest that the renin forms with different isoelectric points may have an physiological significance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1982

Complete TGA is a common congenital cardiovacular anomaly, and without palliative or corrective surgery, the infant born with TGA rarely survives the first year of life. Hemodynamically, recirculated blood flow in the systemic and pulmonary circuit has a key role in systemic arterial oxygen saturation and the status of the pulmonary vascular bed. Recently a d-TGA with VSD and PS, in a 12 year old male patient had been tried for inversion of the ventricular flow with Rastelli operation. An intracardiac tunnel was constructed between the VSD and the aortic orifice to connect the ventricle to the aorta. The right ventricle was connected with the pulmonary circulation by anastomosis of an valved conduit between the right ventricle and the distal end of the pulmonary artery. During the postop, period, the irreversible renal failure, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and pulmonary edema, occured under relative stabilized cardiac performance state. The autopsy was done, which revealed diffuse infarcted area in both kidney and preserved intra & extracardiac graft constructed.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

Objectives : The practices of Wei-qi and Nutritive-qi are generally divided into external Mai and internal Mai. However, they are closely interrelated and practiced together. While taking these aspects into consideration, this paper attempts to make interpretations in relation with Nutritive-qi the disease pathogens that appear in Shanghanlun's disease symptoms. Methods : Using the practice and function of Nutritive-qi described in Huangdineijing, the paper shall make interpretations for the patterns of Mawhangtang, patterns of Gaejitang, and the pathologies of pain, oedema, and nosebleed as described in Shanghanlun. Results & Conclusions : The pain from the patterns of Gaejitang differ from that of the patterns of Mawhangtang. First, the pain from the the patterns of Gaejitang cannot be the main symptom. Even if there is a symptom of pain, it's severity is not serious. Second, the pain from the patterns of Gaejiang takes the form of stiffness, and not general bodily pain. The reason for this stiffness is because of the emptiness of Wei-qi that leads to the congestion of Nutritive-qi which in turn causes the lack of qi and blood flow in muscula area such as abdomins. The symptom of oedema where one's body becomes swollen comes from a number of pathogens. First, the flow of meridian becomes hindered due to external dampness, a character which tends to be adhesive when added with humidty, and this results in the blockage of water qi which then causes the coagulation of nutritive blood. Second, when toxic heat is repressed and blocked within the lesser-yang channel, lesser-yang meridian stops working, which causes nutritive blood to clog at the front and back of ears since lesser-yang channel flows through that portion of body. Third, although oedema is not specifically mentioned in the sentences, but there exists the patterns of Daechungyongtang where water lumps are formed due to the accumulation and blockage of watery dampness. The patterns of Daechungyongtang is cuased when meridian is hindered from externally discharging body fluid due to a problem with meridian that blocks the fumigated internal heat which turns into bodily fluid from being discharged externally.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2009

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is performed by artificial ventilation and thoracic compression for the patient under emergent situation to maintain at least the minimum level of respiration and blood circulation for life survival. Quality of the pre-hospital CPR not only significantly affects the patient's survival rate but also minimizes side effects caused by CPR. Good quality CPR requires monitoring respiration, however, traditional respiratory air flow transducers cannot be used because the transducer elements are located on the flow axis. The present study developed a new technique with no physical object on the flow stream but enabling the air flow measurement and easily incorporated with the CPR devices. A turbulence chamber was formed in the middle of the respiratory tube by locally enlarging the cross-sectional area where the flow related turbulence was generated inducing energy loss which was in turn converted into pressure difference. The turbulence chamber was simply an empty enlarged air space, thus no physical object was placed on the flow stream, but still the flow rate could be evaluated. Both inspiratory and expiratory flows were obtained with symmetric measurement characteristics. Quadratic curve fitting provided excellent calibration formula with a correlation coefficient>0.999 (P<0.0001) and the mean relative error<1 %. The present results can be usefully applied to accurately monitor the air flow rate during CPR.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The objective of the present study is to visualize the steady and pulsatile flow fields in a branching model by using a high-resolution PIV system. A bifurcated flow system was built for the experiments in the steady and pulsatile flows. Harvard pulsatile pump was used to generate the pulsatile velocity waveforms. Conifer powder as the tracing particles was added to water to visualize the flow fields. CCD cameras($1K{\times}1K$(high resolution camera) and $640{\times}480$(low resolution camera)) captured two consecutive particle images at once for the image processing of several cross sections on the flow system. The range validation method and the area interpolation method were used to obtain the final velocity vectors with high accuracy. The results of the image processing clearly showed the recirculation zones and the formation of the paired secondary flows from the distal to the apex of the branch flow in the bifurcated model. The results also indicated that the particle velocities at the inner wall moved faster than the velocities at the outer wall due to the inertial force effects and the helical motions generated in the branch flows as the flow proceeded toward the outer wall. Even though the PIV images from the high resolution camera were closer to the simulation results than the images from the low resolution camera at some locations, both results of the PIV experiments from the two cameras generally agreed quite well with the results from the computer simulations. Therefore, instead of using the expensive stereoscopic PIV or 3D PIV system, the three-dimensional flow fields in a bifurcated model could be easily and exactly investigated by this study.