• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2004

Disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulphid) is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism since it causes an unpleasant aversive reaction to alcohol. It works by inactivating hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to pronounced rise in the acetaldehyde concentration when ethanol is metabolized. Acetaldehyde causes alcohol sensitivity, which involve vasodilation associated with feeling of hotness and facial flushing, increased heart rate and respiration rates, lowered blood pressure, nausea, headache. One of its metabolites, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) can inhibit the enzyme dopamine $\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH), this may account for the profound refractory hypotension and hypothermia seen with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER), resulting from norepinephrine depletion. This report is presents the case of a patient we met, who presented with hypothermia caused by the disulfiram-ethanol reaction, and along with a brief review of the subject.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 숙취제거 및 간기능 개선에 전통적으로 사용되어온 한약재로 구성된 조성물 JBU의 효능을 동물실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 숙취제거 효능을 확인하기 위하여 알코올과 그 대사산물인 아세트알데히드의 혈중 농도를 측정한 결과, 혈중 알코을 농도에서 JBU 추출물 처리군은 대조군에 비해 유의적인 감소를 보였고, 특히 숙취의 원인물질로 지목되는 아세트알데히드 감소에 있어서도 유의적인 효과를 보였다. 간기능개선 효능의 확인을 위하여서는 사염화탄소 유발 간손상 동물모델에서 GPT와 GOT의 활성도를 측정하여 간손상 정도를 확인하였고, 조직병리학적 관찰을 통하여 간의 병적 변화를 관찰하였다. 사염화탄소는 확연하게 간손상을 유발시켰고, JBU 추출물은 GPT 및 GOT의 증가를 유의적으로 억제하였으며 조직학적으로도 간조직의 손상을 뚜렷하게 억제하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

Objectives Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the liver and then acetaldehyde is metabolized to acetone by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver. There are two main ALDH enzymes which metabolize the acetaldehyde produced during ethanol oxidation. In particular, in the presence of the ALDH2 1^*2 allele, the activity of the ALDH 2 enzyme is lowered. As a result, acetaldehyde metabolism is slowed down and acetaldehyde accumulates in the body compared to the ALDH2 1^*1 allele. There are many studies that have investigated the blood acetaldehyde concentration according to the ALDH2 genotype, but there are few studies to compare this with age. So we investigated the blood acetaldehyde concentration according to ALDH2 genotype, age and gender. Methods According to the ALDH2 genotype, we divided the group by gender and age. We divided the age group in to three groups which ranged from 20 to 34 years old, from 35 to 49 years old, and lastly from 50 to 64 years old. And then we collected blood samples after 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr and 15 hr of after drinking to measure the blood acetaldehyde concentration. Results In ALDH2 1^*2 allele group, there are significant differences of the blood acetaldehyde concentration between the age groups. In ALDH2 1^*2 allele and male group, there are significant differences of the blood acetaldehyde concentration between the age groups. Conclusions There are significant differences of the blood acetaldehyde concentration between the age groups according to ALDH2 genotype. Also, there are significant differences of the blood acetaldehyde concentration between the age groups with male gender and ALDH2 1^*2 allele. Studies about other factors that may influence the blood acetaldehyde concentration are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1998

Concomitant administration of a single acute dose of ethanol (4 g/kg) protected mice from the hepatocellular injury observed upon administration of a large dose of acetaminophen (400 mg/kg). This was evidenced by the normal histological appearances of liver sections and by the lowered serum aminotransferase activities in mice treated with ethanol and acetaminophen together. In the mice treated with acetaminophen alone, along with the hepatic necrosis, the hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased. However, co-administration of ethanol prevented this acetaminophen dependent inhibition on the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the concentration of un-metabolized drug in the blood was increased in the ethanol treated mice. Furthermore, upon co-administration of ethanol, although the biliary levels of acetaminophen metabolites (glucuronide, sulfate and cysteine conjugates) were decreased, the level of unmetabolized acetaminophen was increased. Our findings suggest that co-administration of an acute dose of ethanol reduces the degree of hepatocellular necrosis produced by a large dose of acetaminophen and this ethanol dependent protection is, in major part, afforded by suppression of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase activity catalyzing the metabolic activation of acetaminophen.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

Recently, much attention has been paid to developing various kinds of fermented herbal extracts, a new type of traditional herbal medicine, in the field of Korean traditional medicine. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailavility and pharmacological activity of herbal extract in the gastrointestinal tract. It also produces a number of fermentation products that intensify the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of the medicinal herbs. In order to develop a functional beverage of alleviating the aftereffects of the previous drinks, the extracts (HP-1) of fermented herbal mixture, including Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunberg, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb., were prepared and the medicinal effect as a hangover cure was evaluated in ethanol-loaded rats. The enzyme activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) were analyzed by measuring the concentration of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde. The mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH2 was also investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In the HP-1-treated group, the concentration of blood ethanol was significantly reduced at one hour after loading of ethanol, as compared to that in the saline-treated group. The reduced ethanol was converted to acetaldehyde, which resulted in rapid increase in acetaldehyde concentration in an hour. Acetaldehyde was started to decrease at 5 hours after ethanol loading. It implies that HP-1 is highly effective to stimulate the activities of ADH and ALDH2. The HP-1 treatment also activated the mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH. This study suggests that fermented herbal extract, HP-1 can be used as a functional beverage of alleviating the alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by stimulating the activities and gene expression of hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1995

Background; To explore the efficacy of aspartate as NAD regenerating agent for ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation, we performed crossover challenge in two groups of volunteers by coadministration of various doses of aspartate, asparagine and ethanol. Methods; 18 healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. 6 volunteers of the first group were administered 5 gm monosodium aspartate(MSA), 5 gm asparagine or placebo with 100 ml of $40^{\circ}$ whiskey by the 3 way-crossover design, while 12 volunteers of the other group were administered placebo, 1, 2 or 5 bottles of $Aspar^(circledR)$ containing 1 gm of MSA per bottle with 100 ml of $40^{\circ}$ whiskey by the 4 way-crossover design. Ethanol(and acetaldehyde) concentrations in venous blood drawn at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8th hour after ethanol ingestion were analysed by gas chromatogaphy. Subjective symptoms, liver function tests and psychomotor function tests were also performed during the study periods. Result; Plasma concentration and AUC of acetaldehyde in asparagine and MSA trials on ethanol ingestion were significantly lower than those of placebo trial in the 1st group. Plasma ethanol concentration of 5 bottle $Aspar^(circledR)$ trial was significantly lower than that of placebo trial in the 2nd group. Improvement of subjective symptoms or psychomotor performance by the treatment was not statistically significant. Conclusion; Aspartate and asparagine may be prospective candidates for acceleration of ethanol metabolism and prevention of ethanol toxicity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2014

한방에서 지혈 및 어혈 제거용으로 사용되고 있는 눈개승마는, 최근 약용 산채로 그 수요가 급증하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 눈개승마의 항혈전 활성을 평가하고자 눈개승마 지상부로부터 에탄올 추출물 및 이의 순차적 유기용매 분획물을 조제하여 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성 및 혈소판 응집저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 눈개승마의 에탄올 추출물(0.5 mg/ml)에서 1.4~2.3배의 우수한 TT, PT, aPTT 연장효과를 확인하였으며, 특히 내인성 혈액응고 인자 저해효과가 우수함을 확인하였다. 분획물에서는 ethylacetate 분획에서 가장 우수한 aPTT 연장효과를, butanol 분획에서는 혈액응고 촉진효과를 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우, 눈개승마 에탄올 추출물은 임상에서 사용하는 항혈소판제인 아스피린에 필적하는 효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 butanol 분획은 0.25 mg/ml 농도에서 아스피린 0.5 mg/ml 에 해당하는 강력한 혈소판 응집저해능을 나타내었다. 상기의 에탄올 추출물과 활성 분획물들은 0.5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성을 나타내지 않아, 눈개승마가 천연물 유래의 항혈전제로 개발 가능함을 확인하였으며, 특히 상기 활성분획들이 높은 함량의 total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total sugar를 포함함을 고려할 때, 활성물질의 정제시에는 더욱 강력한 항혈전 활성을 나타내리라 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 눈개승마의 항혈전 활성의 최초 보고이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2011

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic effect of 80% ethanol extract of Schizandra Chinensis fruit, we induced diabetes in the rats with streptozotocin (STZ) and administered schizandra extract or Acarbose to diabetic rats for 21 days by oral administration. Consequently, the groups treated using schizandra extract decreased blood glucose levels more 39% than no treatment group and the case of Acarbose group was decreased it about 21%. The concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C in blood was also decreased while treating schizandra extract, on the other hand, HDL-C concentration was significantly increased it about 26%. Those results induced that anti-atherogenic index (AAI) in blood was improved more than 82% level like normal condition, especially in treatment of schizandra extract 100 mg. The lipid profiled in feces was likewise showed apparent tendency to decrease and food efficiency ratio of diabetic rats was became higher for treatment with schizandra extract, but Acarbose group had low efficiency in compared with the result of glucose level and lipid profile in blood. As a result, schizandra extract is regard a good medicine for diabetes due to improve physical constitution, blood glucose and lipid level caused hyperglycemia and suggest that schizandra extract has real effects on the diabetes complication as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1984

The present study was undertaken to investigate an effect of ginseng butanol fraction(total saponin) on the hepatic ethanol metabolism, we used experimental animals for the subject of study. When, in case of ADH and MEOS, ginseng butanol fraction was added, enzyme activity was increased in a small dose, and on the contrary, in a large dose, showed inhibitory effect. in catalase, the activity showed no significant effect by adding ginseng butanol fraction. In the light of kinetic aspect, when, in reaction mixture, ethanol and ginseng butanol fraction were concurrently added and reacted, Km value of ADH and MEOS was decreased. After pretreated with ginseng butanol fraction and inducement of acute toxic state by ethanol, the activities of ADH and MEOS were increased to an extent of about 25% compared to controls. But catalase activity was not significantly affected. In case that ginseng butanol fraction was given to mice fed with 5% ethanol instead of water for 60 days, the activities of ADH and MEOS were increased about 20% to 50% compared to ethanol-treated group. On the contrary, catalase activity was not affected. But blood concentrations of ethanol were decreased due to ginseng butanol fraction treatment. All these observations suggested that reduction of ethanol blood concentration should be dependent upon increased activities of ADH and MEOS. Thereby it suggests the recovery from alcohol intoxication can be prompted by treatment with ginseng.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2015

This study was conducted to verify the effects of Erigeron annuus powder on serum lipid levels of high-fat diet-induced mice from a nutritional viewpoint. Erigeron annuus powder has been used as a folk remedy since ancient times in Korea. There was no significant difference in the weight of the kidneys and spleens of the mice. The high-fat diet group had a significantly higher kidney weight compared to other groups (p<0.05). In the group of mice fed 20% Erigeron annuus powder with a high-fat diet, the concentration of serum LDL-cholesterol was high (p<0.05), whereas the concentration of triglyceride was remarkably lower compared to other groups (p<0.05). The group fed 10% Erigeron annuus with a high-fat diet had the lowest concentration of blood phospholipids (p<0.05) as well as the highest alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels in blood (p<0.05). There was no difference in blood insulin concentration. However, blood leptin concentration was significantly higher ($5.88{\pm}3.53ng/dL$) in mice fed a high-fat diet compared to other groups (p<0.05). Measurements of Erigeron annuus revealed that TPC, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of trolox, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the measured value of FRAP were higher in the ethanol extract than in the water extract. Especially, the antioxidant activity effects were excellent for the $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities of trolox and FRAP values of Erigeron annuus. Therefore, Erigeron annuus powder showed antioxidant activity. Hence, Erigeron annuus powder drastically lessened triglyceride concentration in blood in high-fat diet-induced mice. Thus, the powder is considered to have utility in the food processing industry. Additional related experiments are ongoing.