• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1971

Studies were undertaken on the changes in the renal blood flow by relating them with the alterations in the amplitudes in the rheogram of rabbits. The changing pattern of the electrical conductivity was recorded by means of the needle electrodes inserted into the kidney and the surrounding aluminium foil which was grounded. The Impedance Rheograph manufactured by the Narco Company was used. The small artifact which persisted after ligation of the renal vessels was subtracted from the value obtained in each pulsatile wave in the rheogram. The animals were nembutalized intravenously, 30 mg/kg. A plastic canule was inserted into the carotid artery and the arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously with the pressure transducer connected to the physiograph. Stepwise bleedings were performed on the animal. The first bleeding was between 13 to 18 ml in the amount, and it was folowed by consecutive hemorrhages, 5 or 10 ml each time. The total amount of bleeding was summed as much as 1.5-2% of the body weight. Two minutes fter each bleeding th arterial blood pressure, ECG and the rheogram were taken. That was the necessary time to obtain the stabilized picture of each parameter. After closing the bleeding process, the shed blood was retransfused into the animal and the response in the renal blood flow was observed as well as the arterial blood pressure. Particularly the presence or absence of the autoregulatory mechanism in the situation of the hemorrhage was also studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In 7 cases out of 22, that was about one third of the total number of experiments, the autoregulatory mechanism of the renal blood flow persisted even in acute hemorrhage, and the decreases in the renal blood flow were less than 10% of the control values even when the arterial blood pressure dropped to 66-87% of the original value obtained before the bleeding. 2. Because of the stepwise bleeding the exact blood pressure at which the renal blood flow reduced as much as one third of the control value could not be obtained. However, the results revealed that the approximate pressure, expressed as percentage of the control value, was 50-60% in 3 cases, 61-70% in 4 cases and 71-80% in 8 cases. In one case the decrease in the renal blood flow exceeded one third of the control value before the pressure dropped to 80% of the control. 3. In 19 cases the decreases in the renal blood flow exceeded one half of the control values by hemorrhage. Then the arterial blood pressure revealed less than 40% of the control value in 6-cases. In 2 cases the pressure was 51-60% of the control pressure. In 5 cases the range of bleed pressure was 61-70%, and in e remaining 6 cases the pressure ranged from 71 to 80% of e control value. 4. Out of 15 cases of retransfusion after definite decreases in the renal blood flow loller·ing the hemorrhage, 9 cases restored their renal blood flow. On the contrary 6 cases showed low values even when the shed blood was retransfused. 5. Theories concerning the mechanism of the autoregulation of the renal blood flow were reviewed for the purpose of explanation of the results obtained. However, there are much to be done before greater satisfaction

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.4-7
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• 2016

These days, citizens have made change of food life to take Western style food and to suffer from diabetes because of excessive nutrition taking, less exercise, stress and other environmental factors. They may suffer from diabetes because of genetic defect, surgery of pancreas, disinfection and medicine and others. One of ten Koreans may have symptom of diabetes to be popular. The diabetes that is a kind of metabolic disease has high blood sugar at disorder of hyper insulinism and/or defect of insulin action. Long time high blood sugar may produce chronic disease of kidney, eyes, nerve, heart and blood vessel and others. The purpose of health care of diabetes patient was to reach target blood sugar by diet, physical exercise and medicine and to prevent and delay complication. Diabetes patient shall control blood sugar to keep healthy. The blood sugar control requires time and effort, and all of the patients are difficult to make effort and to spend time. You can control blood sugar by the application. The application allows patients to control blood sugar and to save time and efforts and to make small sized input and automation of remaining area. The service was limited to blood sugar graph, and user carries smart phone to conduct test and to have difficulty. Further study needs to solve the problems and to investigate blood sugar testing not carrying smart phone and to make application of easy control of blood sugar.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2004

We developed an automatic blood pressure control system to maintain the blood pressure of patients at a substantially low level during a surgical operation. The developed system discharges two functions, continuous feedback control of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by a state-predictive servo controller and risk control based on the inference by fuzzy-like logics and rules using measured data. Twenty-eight clinical applications were made beginning in November 1995, and the effects of the automatic blood pressure control on the operation time and on bleeding were assessed affirmatively by means of Wilcoxon testing. This paper essentially reports the engineering details of the control system.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2004

The welders and car painters are frequently exposed to heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium and chromium, and those are a major source of heavy metal poisoning. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of the heavy metal level in blood by age, working duration, and smoking status among 105 industrial workers and 88 general people in Gyeongnam province from October 2003 to October 2004. The heavy metal level in blood was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean blood lead level in exposed group and control group was 8.40±4.67μl/dl, 1.82±1.35μl/dl, respectively. Mean blood zinc level in exposed group and control group was 9.43±5.38 ㎍/ml, 2.89±1.79㎍/ml, respectively. Mean blood cadmium level in Exposed group and control group was 1.53±1.05μl/dl, 0.60±0.49 μl/dl, respectively. Mean blood chromium level in exposed group and control group was 0.89±0.76μl/dl, 0.68±0.63μl/dl, respectively. Lead, zinc, cadmium and chromium level in blood of exposed group was significantly higher than that of control group. In the comparison of smoking status, lead, zinc and cadmium level of smoker's was significantly higher than that of non-smoker's. Comparison of heavy metal level by age, lead, zinc, cadmium level in 40's, 50's (exposed group) in blood significantly higher than that of 20's, 30's. In exposed group, working duration has no significant difference. In conclusion, smoking was the most hazardous factor to elevate in blood heavy metal levels.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

According to increase of domestic blood components use, the quality control of blood components is necessary to support good products. The purpose of this study is used to provide the producing index of the good product as compared with the accuracy and validity for the distribution of the quality control data. The value of mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and degree of normal distribution of data were calculated by univariate procedure, the value of monthly mean of each blood centers per items were compared by Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) test for the degree of distribution. When there was difference among the mean values, the Duncan's multiple range test was done to confirm the difference. Finally, methods for accessing accuracy and validity of the quality data was done by the Contingency table test. The quality data of five blood centers was showed to the normal distribution and it was in a acceptable range. For each blood centers, the monthly means of Hematocrit(Hct), Platelet(PLT) and pH were not significantly different except Hct of C center, PLT of B, D center and pH of A center. The quality data per items was graded according to quality to six level. As a result of the comparative analysis, the monthly means of Hct of C and E center was significantly different higher than that of D, B and A center. The monthly means of PLT of A center and pH of C center was significantly different higher than that of the others. In the accuracy and validity of the quality control data, C center for Hct, A center for PLT and C center for pH were better than the other. The C blood center was most satisfiable and stable in the quality control for blood component. If the quality control method used in C blood center is adopted in other blood centers, the prepared level of the blood component of the center will be improved partly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate nutritional status of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and identify the risk factors related to IGT Data were collected from 163 men with a fasting blood glucose level from 115 to 139mg/dl(high blood glucose group: HBG) and 170 men with a normal fasting blood glucose level(control) aged from 40 to 59 years in both groups. Weight, body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat were significantly higher in high blood glucose(HBG) group than those of control group. Age, weight, BMI, percent body fat were positively related to blood glucose. There were no differences in exercise, smoking and family history of diabetes between two groups. Frequency of fat eating and overeating of HBG were higher than those of control group but frequency of sweet snacks intake of HBG was lower than that of control group. There was no difference in daily total energy intake in two groups. Total and supper energy intakes were positively associated with blood glucose. Percent energy intake of alcohol was significantly higher in HBG group and positively related to blood glucose, however there were no difference in daily intake of nutrients in two groups. Alcohol intake was positively related to BMI, but after adjusting BMI, there was no correlation between alcohol intake and blood glucose. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in HBG group than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol i,nd triglyceride were positively related to blood glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with blood glucose. After adjusting BMI, serum triglyceride was positively related to blood glucose. In conclusion, weight, BMI, percent body fat and blood total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively related to blood glucose level of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance. Their eating habits exhibited higher frequency of overeating, fast eating, high energy intakes of supper. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 59-67, 2000)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dandelion (Taraxzcum coreanum) supplementation on milk yield, milk composition and blood characteristics in lactating dairy cows. Eight lactating dairy cows were divided into two groups (control: TMR supplementation, treatment: TMR with Dandelion supplementation). The milk yield, milk fat, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and somatic cells counts (SCC) were not significantly different between the control group and the treatment group, whereas milk protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and free fat acid (FFA) were significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control (p<0.05). The blood components of the treatment group were compared with those of the control group and only aspartate aminotransferase (AST) appeared significantly high (p<0.05). The other blood components were not significantly different in the two groups. Blood corpuscle components in the groups were not significantly different. Especially, all blood corpuscle components in the treatment group were within the normal range. However, the white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM) and hematocrits (HCT) in the control group exceeded the normal range. Based on the above results, the addition of Dandelion to feed increased milk protein, MUN and FFA, but did not significantly affect the composition of the blood and corpuscle in Holstein milking cows.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2003

This research was conducted to study the effects of the supplementation of multi-extracts of mori folium (MF) and of exercise on plasma insulin and glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were assigned to each experimental group and were raised in the laboratory for 10 weeks. The animal groups consisted of a normal-control group, a STZ-control group, 3 STZ-induced diabetic groups supplemented ad libitum with various amounts of MF extracts (MF-720, MF-360, and MF-180 groups), and a STZ-induced diabetic group supplemented with MF-360 along with exercise. In the normal-control group, glucose tolerance tests resulted in the peak blood glucose level being achieved in 15 minutes and a fasting blood glucose level being achieved in 60 minutes. In the STZ-control group, the peak blood glucose level was reached after 60 minutes and, even after 90 minutes, blood glucose shown at a significantly higher level compared to the fasting levels. In the groups supplemented with MF extracts, the blood glucose level peaked after 30 minutes of glucose challenge, and returned to the fasting level after 90 minutes; the MF-360 and MF-360+exercise groups showed the best levels of glucose tolerance. Blood glucose levels in the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly higher compared to the normal-control group. However, after 7 weeks of supplementation with MF extracts, a significant lowering of blood glucose levels was observed in all groups supplemented with the MF extract. The best effect was observed in the group given MF extract combined with exercise. Compared to the normal-control group, blood insulin levels were significantly lower in all STZ-induced diabetic groups; however, a significantly higher level of insulin was observed in the groups given MF extracts compared to the STZ-control group. This study shows that the supplementation of MF extracts in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in increased blood insulin levels and lower blood glucose levels.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.89-110
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• 1998

Yookmijihwangtang has been widely used oriental herb prescriptions, which is healing some discuss that come from insufficiency of innate essence and deficiency of kidney Ki. The meaning of healing discusses tonification of insufficient innate essence and insufficient kidney Ki can be regarded as reinforcement of wholely power of keeping homeostasis, that is correlated with immuno-responsibility which protects subject from outer antigen to keep normal vital condition. This study was aimed to investigate correlative effects of Yookmijihwangtang water abstract on the RBC, WBC, blood CD4+ T helper cell count, blood testosterone, blood cAMP and blood cortisol. 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups(Normal, Control, Sample I, Sample II, Sample III), 6 animals in every group. Normal group was not treated anything, control group was administrated normal saline in the same dosage of Sample I. 3 Sample groups were received some of Yookmijihwangtang water abstract at one time per 24 hours during 5 days in different dosage. Sample I(1/310pack/ml), Sample II(1/62pack/ml), Sample III(1/2.4pack/ml). After finishing treatment, all experimental subjects were killed for blood sample on RBC, WBC, blood CD4+ T helper cell count, spleen CD4+ T helper cell count, axillary lymph node CD4+ T helper cell count. blood cAMP, blood testosterone and blood cortisol. The results were as follows; RBC and WBC were increased in all sample groups. Blood CD4+ T helper cell count(CD4+ T cell count in the blood/whole lymphocyte count in the blood ${\times}100%$) was Normal $46.17{\pm}5.88$, Control $44.50{\pm}4.37$, Sample I $53.00{\pm}2.28$, Sample II $53.83{\pm}3.87$, Sample III $52.17{\pm}2.93$. By the 95% Duncan ANOVA all experimental groups(sample I, Sample II, Sample III) showed slight significant difference from Normal and Control. Blood cAMP(nmol/l) were Normal $1.12{\pm}0.17$, Control $1.16{\pm}0.32$, Sample I $0.46{\pm}0.07$, Sample II $0.44{\pm}0.04$, Sample III $0.54{\pm}0.04$. All experimental groups were singificantly different from both Normal and Control groups(p<0.05). Blood cortisol(nl/ml) were Normal $100.00{\pm}2.00$ Control $90.00{\pm}4.00$, Sample I $440.00{\pm}5.00$, Sample II $520.00{\pm}40.00$, Sample III $470.00{\pm}7.00$. Blood cortisol of all experimental groups were significantly increased(p<0.05). The results suggest that Yookmijihwangtang water abstract could be administrated to patients who have some diseases insufficient essence.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2008

Body weights and blood biochemical values in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)-HI, a Korean isolate, were studied. REV-HI causes severe body weight depression in chickens inoculated but not in chicken contact-infected. Body weights of infected chickens in 3, 4, and 5 weeks after infection were 78%, 76% and 65% of those of control respectively. Blood glucose levels in REVinfected chickens were extremely high compared with those in control (226 $\geq$ 21 vs. 814 $\geq$91.3 mg/dl in week 2) during the experiment period. Triglyceride levels in REV-infected chickens were significantly higher in week 2 and 3, whereas in week 4, REV-infected chickens showed significantly lower levels than the control. Blood lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase levels of REV-infected chickens in week 2 were significantly higher, whereas cholesterol, magnesium and calcium values in week 4 were significantly lower than the control. Other blood biochemical values such as alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase were nonsignificantly different from the control. These above results suggest that weight depression by REV may be related with increase of blood glucose, which indicated that REV-infected chickens could not use blood glucose as energy source.