• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2020

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months. Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire. Examination of vitamin D, zinc, albumin, and ferritin levels was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine risk factors for stunting and to assess the relationship between nutritional levels and stunting. Results: The incidence of stunting was highest in children aged 12-36 months. Children with low weight and very low weight for age comprised of 55% and 22.5%, respectively, of the study participants. The highest mother's educational level was junior high school (40%). History of low birth weight (LBW) was more commonly observed in the stunting group than that in the control group (25.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p=0.034, odds ratio, 0.310 [95% confidence interval, 0.122-0.789]). Approximately 7.5% of cases had premature birth. Exclusive breast feeding was found to be not correlated with stunting. The mean zinc level in the stunting group was 34.17 ng/mL, which was different from that in the control group (50.83 ng/mL) (p=0.023). Blood ferritin, vitamin D, albumin, and calcium levels were not strongly correlated with stunting. Conclusion: LBW is the main risk factor contributing to stunting and is strongly associated with low zinc level.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2001

This investigation studied the relationship between Body Mass Index(BMI) and dietary intake, levels of serum lipid, lipoprotein(a) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) of 28.449 Korean adults(16.937 men, 11.542 women) from 1995 to 1999. The dietary assessment was conducted using 24-hour dietary records and food frequency questionnaires. During this five year study, the BMI normal-weight group, as a percentage of the annual test population, decreased from 68.0% to 60.2%, while the BMI overweight and obese groups collectively increased from 25.0% to 29.7%. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), Triacylglycerol(TG) and PAI-1 increased as the values of BMI increased, while the levels of HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and lipoprotein(a)(men only) appeared to decrease as values of BMI increased. The levels of daily energy intake also increased as values of BMI increased in both men and women. The obese group had significantly higher levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat(men only), and cholesterol intake than those of the normal-weight, underweight, and overweight groups. In men, BMI positively correlated with the levels of macronutrients and cholesterol intake(p＜0.001), % energy of protein, fat, and alcohol intake(p＜0.001), and the levels of serum TC, LDL-C, TG and PAI-1(p＜0.001), while BMI negatively correlated with % energy of carbohydrate intake, and the levels of Lp(a) and HDL-C(p＜0.001). In women, BMI negatively correlated with level of cholesterol(p＜0.01), fat(p＜0.001), alcohol intake(p＜0.05),% energy of fat (p＜0.001), % energy of alcohol intake and level of and HDL-C(p＜0.001). Subjects who had serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels greater than the standard reference values(TC＞240mg/㎗, LDL-C＞130mg/㎗, HDL-C＞35, TG＞200mg/㎗) exhibited a higher intake of the three macronutrients, iron, calcium, meat, milk and fatty foods than those subjects who had serum lipid concentrations less-than-or-equal-to the standard reference values. Overall, there was positive correlation between the high risk factors of vascular disease variables, dietary intake, and BMI. Prevalence of hypertension and high blood sugar were increased as BMI increased, but the prevalence of hypertension is decreased as the year goes by. These findings showed that dietary intake, level of serum lipids and other vascular disease risk factors increased as BIM increased. Therefore, middle or upper class Korean adults who have high BMI should improve their eating habits. This involve reducing alcohol, animal fat, high carbohydrate foods, and overall food intake, and balancing intake in order to lower vascular disease risk factors, including obesity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2019

The present study was designed to determine the effect of barn or cycle of grazing on changes of biochemical metabolites in prepartum and changes of milk composition in postpartum of dairy cows. For this purpose, a total of sixteen 25 months old Holstein primiparous dairy cows were allocated in two groups (n=8) with an average body weight of 571.61 ± 35.30 kg (Barn) and 578.10 ± 39.20 kg (Grazing). The study was conducted from June 2018 to October 2018. Results revealed that barn raised dairy cows had a higher increase in their serum albumin and calcium level on day 14 prepartum. However, the level of palmitic acid, saturated fatty acid increased significantly, and the level of fat, oleic acid, γ-linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and unsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly in barn raised dairy cow's milk on day 14 postpartum. There were no significant differences observed with respect to all other biochemical metabolites, fatty acids and minerals between barn raised and cycle grazing dairy cows during prepartum and postpartum. Our study results could serve to a better understanding of barn raised cow with respect to changes of biochemical metabolites in prepartum and changes of milk composition, fatty acids and minerals content in grazing dairy cows in postpartum for estimating their physiological status.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

The purpose of the clinically reportable range (CRR) in clinical chemistry is to estimate linearity in working range. The reportable range includes all results that may be reliably reported, and embraces two types of ranges: the analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on the specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. CAP and JCAHO require linearity on analyzers every six months. The clinically reportable range is the range of analyte values that a method can measure, allowing for specimen dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment used to extend the direct analytical measurement range. The AMR cannot exceed the manufacturer's limits. Establishing AMR is easily accomplished with Calibration Verification Assessment and experimental Linearity. For example: The manufacturer states that the limits of the AST on their instrument are 0-1100. The lowest level that could be verified is 2. The upper level is 1241. The verified AMR of the instrument is 2-1241. The lower limit of the range is 2, because that is the lowest level that could be verified by the laboratory. The laboratory could not use the manufacturer's lower limit of 2 because they have not proven that the instrument values below 2 are valid. The upper limit of the range is 1241, because although the lab has shown that the instrument is linear to 1241, the manufacturer does not make that claim. The laboratory needs to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the analyzer, as well the validation of the patient AMR. Linearity requirements have been eliminated from the CLIA regulations and from the CAP inspection criteria, however, many inspectors continue to feel that linearity studies are a part of good lab practice and should be encouraged. If a lab chooses to continue linearity studies, these studies must fully comply with the calibration/calibration verification requirements of CLIA and/or CAP. The results of lower limit and upper limit of clinically reportable range were total protein (2.1 - 79.9), albumin (1.3 - 39), total bilirubin (0.2 - 106.2), alkaline phosphatase (13 - 6928.2), aspartate aminotransferase (24 - 7446), alanine aminotransferase (13 - 6724.2), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (16.64 - 9904.2), creatine kinase (15.26 - 4723.8), lactate dehydrogenase (127.66 - 13231.8), creatinine (0.4 - 129.6), blood urea nitrogen (8.67 - 925.8), uric acid (1.6 - 151.2), total cholesterol (48.52 - 3162), triglycerides (36.91 - 3367.8), glucose (31 - 4218), amylase (21 - 6694.2), calcium (3.1 - 118.2), inorganic phosphorus (1.11 - 108), HDL (11.74 - 666), NA (58.3 - 1800), K (1.0 - 69.6), CL (38 - 1230).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

This study was designed to assess the nutritional iron status and anemia of middle school girls. Three-hundred-fifty- three female subjects in Ulsan metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 157.19 $\pm$ 5.57 cm and 51.06 $\pm$ 9.42 kg respectively. The average Body Mass Index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) was 20.63 $\pm$ 3.23, which was within the normal range. With regard to clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced 'decreased ability to concentrate'. The total caloric intake of each subject was 1743.28 $\pm$ 343.47 kcal(83.01% of the Korean RDA) and the calcium intake was 634.98 $\pm$ 201.43 mg (79.37% of the Korean RDh) . The mean daily intake of iron was 14.76 : 4.36 mg (92.25% of the Korean RDh) and the heme iron intake was 6.12 $\pm$ 2.30 mg, which was 41.5% of the total iron intake. The average hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.24 $\pm$ 1.01 g/dl, and the average hematocrit (Hct) level was 37.79 $\pm$ 4.10%. The transferrin saturation {TS (%)} was 19.41 $\pm$ 9.21%, and the ferritin level was 26.26 $\pm$ 18.60 ng/ml. The iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated at 6.1% by using Hb (< 12 g/ml), 20.5% by using Hct (< 36%), 30.8% by using 75 (< 14%) , and 23.1% by using ferritin (< 12 ng/ml) The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) showed a negative correlation with the Hb, iron, ferritin and 75. With regard to the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with 'pale face'(p < 0.05) . In addition, the level of iron was significantly and negatively correlated with 'poor memory' (p<0.01) and the ferritin concentration was negatively correlated with 'no appetite '(p < 0.05) ,'pale face (p < 0.05) . These results suggest that the prevalence of iron deficiency among middle school girls is very high; therefore, guidelines on dietary support and nutritional education to improve their dietary iron status should be provided.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 자혈양근탕 (滋血養筋湯, JH) 및 양혈장 근건보환 (養血壯筋健步丸, YH) 처방제가 장내 칼슘흡수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 인체 소장상피세포주 모델인 Caco-2 세포를 이용하여 칼슘 uptake와 net transport를 각기 평가하였으며. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, Caco-2 세포를 분주 후 4, 8, 16. 그리고 24일간 배양하면서 칼슘 uptake 활성을 측정 한 결과 분화가 진행될수록 uptake 활성이 증가하였다. 둘째. Caco-2 세포에 한약처방제를 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도로 일정시간 동안 전처리하여 칼슘 uptake 활성을 측정한 결과, YH 처방제는 24시간 전처리 시 (29.9% 증가), 그리고 JH처방제는 6시간 전처리 시 (23.9%증가) 한약처방으로 전처리하지 않은 대조세포에 비해 칼슘 uptake가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 셋째. 한약처방의 농도를 달리하면서 6시간 동안 전처리한 후 칼슘 Uptake활성을 측정한 결과, 대조세포에 비해 YH 또는 JH 처방제는 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml (23% 증가) 및 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도 (28.3% 증가)에서 칼슘 uptake 활성을 각기 최대로 증가시켰다. 넷째, YH 또는 JH 처방제가 Caco-2 세포에 의한 칼슘 net transport에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 5, 50, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml농도의 한약처방제로 6시간동안 Caco-2세포에 전처리한 결과, 두가지 한약처방제 모두 칼슘 net transport에 유의적인 변화를 초래하지 않았다. 이상의 in vitro연구결과는 양혈 및 양근작용에 관여하는 자혈양근탕 및 양혈장근건보환 처방제가 소장상피세포를 통한 칼슘 uptake 활성은 증가시킨 한편 칼슘 net transport 활성에 변화를 초래하지 않았고. 결과적으로 장내 칼슘 흡수에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았음을 제시하는 것이다

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2010

This experimental study was performed to investigate the antitumor effect of Egg white combined-Chalcanthite (InSan 4, IS4) in xenografted nude mice with NCI-H460 human lung cancer cell. We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them on nude mice. These mice were divided into 3 groups; group with dose of 45 mg/kg IS4 orally, group with dose of 90 mg/kg IS4 orally, and the control group. They had been raised and treated for 28 days. We checked their body weight, tumor weight and volume twice a week, and their absolute organ weight, microhistological observation and biochemical blood analysis at the final day by sacrificing them. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (IR), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). In this study, we observed that all of the IS4 treated mice have tumor regression, dosage-dependently, compared to the control group. Tumor weight and volume of high dose treated mice were smallest. IR increased in IS4 in a dose-dependent manner. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in high-dose IS4 treatment group were the highest of the three groups. There was no significant difference in biochemical blood analysis, alanine phopsphatase (ALP), Calcium, creatinine (CRE), alanine transferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. The urea nitrogen (UN) level results significantly decreased by IS4 45 and 90 mg/kg (IS4 45 mg/kg, IS4 90 mg/kg, p<0.01). IS4 may have potential anti-tumor effect in a solid tumor induced by NCI-H460 without remarkable side effects.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9$\pm$2.5 and 10.2$\pm$2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5$\pm$3.7% and 20.2$\pm$3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3$\pm$30.0, 104.9$\pm$26.6, 52.3$\pm$6.7 and 178.3$\pm$84.1 mg/dl, and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1$\pm$43.5, 183.7$\pm$16.5, 101.0$\pm$2.1 and 67.7$\pm$20.0 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight children. On the other hand, plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT were in normal range in both group however, GPT level of over weight children was higher than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin, and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two groups except WBC, RBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. Daily nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean RDA levels for each nutrients. However the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of RDA. The consumption of dietary fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high showing that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

지방제외체질량(lean mass) 및 지방량(fat mass)과 같은 체성분이 골밀도에 미치는 영향은 매우 복잡하고 다양하게 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 전국민을 대상으로 한 표본조사로부터 얻은 질병관리본부의 국민건강영양조사 2008-2011년 자료를 이용하여 50세 이상 남성(N=2,139) 및 폐경후여성(N=2,193)에서 체성분과 골밀도와의 관련성에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 골다공증약물을 사용한 경우 및 골밀도에 영향을 미치는 질환 및 악성질환 등이 있는 대상은 제외하였다. 신체계측, 설문조사, 혈액검사 등과 함께 이중에너지흡수방사선을 이용하여 요추 및 대퇴골에서 골밀도를 측정하였고, 총지방제외체질량(TLM; total lean mass), 총지방량(TFM; total fat mass), 몸통지방량(TrFM; truncal fat mass) 등을 측정하였다. 체성분 지표들과 요추 및 대퇴골 골밀도는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 연령, 체질량지수, 월 가구수입, 교육수준, 신체활동, 1일 칼슘섭취량, 혈중 비타민 D 농도를 포함하는 다중회귀분석을 시행한 결과 남녀 모두에서 TLM이 증가할수록 요추 및 대퇴골 골밀도가 유의하게 증가하였다. TLM의 가장 낮은 사분위수에 해당하는 군에서 요추 및 대퇴골 골밀도는 남녀 모두에서 다른 사분위수에 해당하는 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. TrFM은 위의 교란요인들을 보정한 이후 남성에서는 대퇴골전체 골밀도와 여성에서는 대퇴골경부 골밀도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론적으로 TLM은 50세 이상 남성 및 폐경후여성에서 골밀도를 유지하는데 매우 중요한 인자임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2001

우리나라에도 심혈관질환으로 인한 사망률이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 채식과 심혈관질환과의 관계를 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 채식을 하는 비구니스님을 대상으로 하여 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사 대상자의 평균나이는 채식인 44.20세, 비채식인 40.52세, BMI는 각각 22.47, 21.08이었고, WHR은 0.85, 0.84였고, %BF는 28.79, 26.55였으며, 채식인의 평균채식기간은 13.16년이었다. 조사 대상자의 영양소 섭취실태는 채식인은 모든 영양소가 권장량을 상회하였고, 비채식인은 Ca, 비타민 A가 권장량을 미달하였다. 섬유소와 비타민 C 섭취량은 채식인이 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높았다. 조사 대상자의 소비에너지는 채식군 1789.84 kcal, 비채식군 1703.83 kcal로 채식군이 유의하게 많았고(p<0.05), 활동량도 채식군 507.76 kcal, 비채식군 400.03 kcal로 채식군이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 조사 대상자의 total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AI, 이완기혈압 및 혈당은 비채식인이 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높았고, HDL-cholesterol은 (p<0.05) 비채식인이 유의적으로 높았으며 심질환 예견지수인 HDL/total cholesterol 비는 채식인이 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높았다. 활동량은 두군 모두 중성지방, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-cholesterol, AI와는 역상관을 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 채식군은 비채식군에 비해 혈중지질 수준, 혈당, 혈압에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 BMI, RBW, WHR,%BF가 유의적으로 높았음(p<0.05)에도 불구하고 혈정 총콜레스테롤, LDL-choleserol, AI 및 수축기혈압이 유의적으로 낮았는데 이는 여러가지 요인이 있겠지만 채식군이 비채식군에 비해 섬유소, 비타민 C의 섭취량 및 활동량이 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았기 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 혈중지질 수준, 혈당, 혈압에 영향을 미치는 것은 식이요인 뿐만 아니라 활동량 등 여러가지 생활양식이 영향을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 있다.