• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.325-329
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• 1994

Seasonal and diurnal variation in serum testosterone was measured by radioimmunossary in 3 mature Korean native male goats. Blood was collected at 3-h intervals for 24h in each season. Mean levels of 4 seasons ranged from 0.82 to 2.06ng/ml and no difference was among seasons, although level in fall and winter was slightly higher. Diurnal level tended to increase at daytime in all season and when diurnal variation in level was compared to daily mean of each season, level of daytime greatly(P<0.05) increased in summer. However, variation between light and dark period in other seasons did not show significant difference. Daytime increase of testosterone was found 3 to 4 after dawn and level increased 1 to 2h ahead in summer and fall than that in others. These results in serum testosterone suggest that there was no great seasonal variation in endocrine function of goat testis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.980-990
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• 2003

The effect of Gamigyuibi-tang on the penile erection induced by apomorphine HCI and on the erectile dysfunction induced by p,p-DDE, an environmental hormone derivate of DOT, were monitored using male cats. The changes of penile length, diameter, erectic periods and histological profiles of corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum were observed with blood testosterone levels. In conclusion, dose-dependent and significant increase of penile length, diameter, erectic periods and blood testosterone levels were detected in the Gamigyuibitang-dosing groups compared to other groups. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the increasement of congestion of blood vessels and dilation of connective tissues, and decreasement of adipocytes in the corpus cavernosum and/or corpus spongiosum of the Gamigyuibitang-dosing groups. According to these results, it is considered that Gamigyuibitang has some augmentation effect against to apomorphine HCI inducing penile erection and it also suggested that Gamigyuibitang has favorable effect to treatment of erectic dysfunctions induced by p,p-DDE.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2003

본 시험은 한우에서 연령에 따라 혈청성분들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 한우 866두(거세 638, 비거세 228)에 대하여 혈청 농도를 분석하여 채혈시 일령을 독립 변량으로 하고 혈청 성분들을 종속변수로 하는 다항 회귀방정식으로 추정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 거세우나 비거세우 모두 같은 차수의 회귀방정식이 접합한 혈청 성분은 IGF- I (3차식) calium(1차식) 및 IP(1차식)이었고 거세우에서는 1차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청 성분은 testosterone와 creatinine었다. 반면에 HDLC는 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하나 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 triglyceride 농도와 globulin농도 그리고 A/G비율 등이었고, 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 BUN이었으며, 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 TP와 albumin이었다. 한편 cortisol은 거세우나 비거세우에서 모두 3차식까지의 회귀방정식으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 적합하지 않았으며 glucose는 비거세우에서는 3차식 변화를 보이고 있으나 거세우에서는 3차식까지의 회귀방정식만으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 어려웠다. 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되는 혈청성분들의 회귀모형 중에서 비교적 R-SQUARE 값이 높은 것(R-SQUARE value>0.1)들은 거세우에서 ICF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등이었으며, 비거세우에서 testosterone, IGF-I, TP, albumin, glucose, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등으로 나타났다. 따라서 IGF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등은 거세우나 비거세우 모두에서 연령에 따라 비교적 큰 변화를 보이는 혈청 성분이라고 생각된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.189-194
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• 1983

Testosterone propionate가 체성장 사료 섭취량 및 plasma내의 Creatinine과 cholesterol에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 생후 3개월령된 숫 흰쥐 30마리를 대조구 거세구 거세한 후 1 mg, 2 mg. 3 mg, 4 mg으로 각기 호르몬을 투여한 처리구로 나누어 각 5마리씩 배치하여 체중측정과 사료섭취량은 6일간격으로 testosterone주입은 3일 간격으로 처리하고 성장천자(穿刺) 채혈하여 plasma를 분리해 내어 분석했다. 체중의 변화는 거세구가 대조구와 다른 testosterone처리구에 비해 증체가 둔화되었으나 전체적으로 볼 때 각 처리구간에 유의성은 없었다. 사료섭취량은 전체적으로 유의성이 없었으며 사료섭취량의 증감과 증체량을 비교했을 때 부분적으로 평행하는 경향을 보였다. Creatinine의 Plasma내 함량은 처리군간에 고도의 유의성을 나타내었고(P<0.01) 대조구와 비교해 볼 때 거세구는 감소했고 testosterone처리구에서는 2 mg이상의 처리구에서 상승치를 보였으며 특히 4 mg을 처리한 구에서는 큰 증가를 나타내었다. Cholesterol의 Plasma내 함량은 처리구간에 고도의 유의성을 나타내었으며(P<0.01) 대조구와 비교해 볼때 거세구는 증가했고 testosterone처리구에서는 1mg 처리시 동일했으며 그 이상의 hormone 처리에서는 상당히 감소했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.612-616
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• 2004

This study was carried out to compare the semen characteristics, frozen-thawed sperm viability and testosterone concentration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and development of in vitro matured pig oocytes between two Yorkshire boars. Semen and blood samples were collected once per week from October to November 2002 from two adult Yorkshire boars at 18 months of age with 170 kg body weight. Sperm were deep frozen in 5 ml maxi-straws with lactose-egg yolk and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (LEN) diluent and stored in liquid nitrogen. Blood samples were obtained at 10 a.m. by inserting a 21 gauge, hypodermic needle attached to 10 ml syringe into surface veins in the ear. The concentration of testosterone was determined by Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay. Ovaries were collected from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughter house. Cumulus oocyte complexes were aspirated from antral follicles (3 to 6 mm in diameter). The medium used for oocyte maturation was modified TCM 199. After about 22 h of culture, oocytes were cultured without cysteamine and hormones for 22 h at $38.5^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air. For IVF, one frozen 5 ml straw was thawed at $52^{\circ}C$in 40 sec and was diluted with 20 ml Beltsville thawing solution at room temperature. Sperm were washed 2 times in mTLP-PVA and inseminated without preincubation after thawing. Oocytes were inseminated with $2{\times}10^7$/ml sperm concentration. Oocytes were coincubated for 6 h in 500 ${\mu}$l mTBM fertilization medium. At 6 h after IVF, oocytes were transferred into 500 ${\mu}$l NCSU-23 culture medium for further culture of 48 and 144 h. There were no significant differences in the semen volume, motility, normal acrosome morphology and sperm concentration of raw semen between A and B of Yorkshire boar. However, motility and normal acrosome of boar A were higher than those of boar B at 0.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h incubations of frozen-thawed sperm. Testosterone concentration (3.75 ng/ml) of boar A was higher than that (2.34 ng/ml) of boar B. The rate of blastocyst formation (15.1%) of boar A was higher than that (10.4%) of boar B. In conclusion, serum testosterone concentration of boar showed very important role for the frozen-thawed sperm viability and the blastocyst formation of pig oocytes matured in vitro.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2008

목 적: 본 예비 연구는 비만하지 않은 다낭성난소증후군 환자들에게서 인슐린 저항성, 혈중 호르몬 농도 및 혈중 지질 농도에 관한 metformin의 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 2006년 6월부터 2007년 9월까지 본원에서 다낭성난소증후군으로 진단받은 16명의 비만하지 않은 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 혈액 검사는 metformin 치료 전과 치료 후 6개월이 경과한 후에 실시하였으며 공복 혈당과 공복 인슐린 치, 75 g의 액상 포도당 섭취 후 2시간째의 혈당과 혈중 인슐린 농도를 측정 하였다. 혈중 호르몬 및 혈중 지질 농도는 FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, serum lipid profile을 포함하였다. 인슐린 저항성을 평가하기 위해 공복 시 혈당/인슐린 비율 (fasting glucose/insulin ratio; FGIR)과 액상 포도당 섭취 후 2시간째의 혈당/인슐린 비율을 산출하여 추정하였다. 또한 HOMA beta cell function 및 HOMA IR을 산출함으로써 인슐린 저항성 및 췌장 베타세포 기능을 조사하였다. 결 과: Metformin으로 치료한 후, 75 g 경구 당 부하 후 2시간째 측정한 glucose/insulin 비율은 증가되었으며 (p=0.04), HOMA IR은 치료 후 유의하게 감소가 있었다 (p=0.000). 그러나 혈중 지질 농도는 의미 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 free testosterone 농도는 치료 후 감소하였고 (p=0.001), LH 농도 및 LH/FSH 비도 감소하였다 (p=0.000, p=0.034). 결 론: 본 예비 연구는 metformin이 비만하지 않은 다낭성난소증후군 환자들에게서 인슐린 감수성을 개선하고, 고안드로겐혈증을 완화시키는 효과가 있을 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. Metformin의 역할을 결정하기 위하여 향후 보다 다수의 환자 군을 대상으로 하여 장기적인 추적 관찰을 수반한 심도 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2004

In order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200㎎/㎏ body weight/day for 7 days. The Testosterone value was measured in sera by Gamma Count with 1251 isotype, also weights of the body, testis and liver were measured for 15 weeks. Testosterone in the serum of intacted SD-rats was 0.51±0.43ng/㎖(n=5), but it was 0.69±0.18(n=2)ng/㎖l on 1 week. 0.28±0.05ng/㎖(n=2) on 3 week, 1.52±0.95ng/㎖(n=3) on 5 week, and 0.54±1.95 ng/㎖(n=3) 15 week post-dosing MET, respectively. Histologically, the numbers of spermatozoa and Leydig cells were reduced, which might influence to reduce sexual hormone, and AST and ALT was not increased in the serum due to administrating with MET, blood profile was not changed according to the administration of MET excepting MCH(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin). This study suggest that change of male sexual hormone by MET be a experimental model for evaluating some drugs associate with sex hormone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.701-705
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• 2007

Seven rc mutant and seven normal male birds (Rhode Island Red suie, RIR) were used in this study to determine the effects of rc mutation on semen characteristics, testosterone profile and spermatogenic tissues. All birds were randomly selected at week 12 of age and housed in individual cages and were fed and watered ad libitum. The birds were exposed to a 14L:10D light cycle during experiment. Semen were collected at weeks 22 to 23 from each bird twice a week and evaluated for semen volume (SV), sperm concentration (SC), total sperm count (TSC), percent of sperm motility (%SM), dead sperm (%DS), and sperm metabolic activity (SMA). To determine the testosterone concentration (TC) in plasma, blood was collected at weeks 12, 16 and 18. Testicular tissue were collected, processed and evaluated for semineferous tubule diameter (STD), round spermatid number (RSN), percent elongated sperm (%ES) and semineferous tubules length (STL). Body weight (BW), comb weight (CW) and testes weight (TW) were weighted at the end of experiment (week 23). The SV, TSC and %SM were significantly higher in normal birds but the %DS was higher in blind birds (p<0.05). The SC did not differ significantly between the two groups but its value was higher in normal birds. The sperm metabolic activity in the first h of collection did not differ significantly between the two groups but after 24 h, the level of SMA in normal group was significantly higher (p<0.05). The level of TC did not differ significantly between the two genotype groups but normal birds had higher TC in all collections except the last one. The STD, RSN, %ES and STL in normal birds were higher when compared to blind birds but the differences were insignificant except for ES percent. The BW, CW and TW between the two groups did not differ significantly but the weights were higher in normal group compared to blind birds. Statistical analysis of semen characteristics, testosterone profile and histological factors were indicated detrimental effects of rc mutation in prepubertal RIR blind male birds due to lack of light.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to study variations of serum testosterone and seminal characteristics of Markhoz male goats. Blood samples were obtained via jugular vein, and semen was collected by using an artificial vagina from 14 fertile male goats (2-3 years of age), at 15-day intervals starting on 15 July and ending on 30 October 2010 (during breeding and non-breeding season). Semen volume, total sperm (volume${\times}$concentration), live sperm (%), abnormal sperm (%) and semen pH were significantly superior during the late summer and early autumn (breeding season). Variation of sperm density, motility and progressive motility was not significant during the sampling period. The results presented show that the lowest and highest levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the seminal plasma were recorded in late October (2.82 U/ml) and in late August (4.81 U/ml), respectively. Moreover, the study indicated that the serum testosterone concentration was higher during late summer and early autumn (p<0.05) than at any other of sampling period. There were negative correlations between volume and sperm density (-0.135, p<0.05), and positive correlations between volume and percentage live sperm (0.224) and percentage progressive motility (0.194, p<0.01). Sperm density was correlated with live sperm (0.200, p<0.05) and progressive motility (0.202, p<0.01). The correlation between live sperm and progressive motility was 0.554 (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results in this study indicated a significant positive correlation between live sperm and LDH (0.450) and a negative correlation between sperm density and LDH concentration (-0.272) (p<0.01). Significant, but positive correlations were found between sperm motility and LDH (0.542) and testosterone concentration (0.522), respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the best obtained semen was collected in late summer (during decreasing photoperiod) and early autumn (September and October). This also coincides with the natural breeding season of Markhoz goats in Iran.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

Objective: The strong antioxidant activity of Commiphora mukul prompted us to conduct the present study to explore whether treatment with C. mukul extract (CME) would have any protective influence on sperm parameters, testosterone levels, and plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control animals treated with CME, diabetic animals, and diabetic animals treated with CME. CME extract (300 mg/kg) was administered for 60 days by daily gavage. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. The epididymal sperm count, weight, motility, morphology, viability, and serum testosterone and glucose levels were determined. Results: In the diabetic animals, CME decreased blood glucose levels (p< 0.05), increased the total sperm count (p< 0.05), and decreased the proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (p< 0.05). Diabetes reduced sperm motility (p< 0.001), and CME supplementation partially reversed this effect of diabetes (p= 0.003). Furthermore, in diabetic animals, CME decreased the proportion of immotile sperm (p< 0.001). In rats, diabetes caused a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in serum testosterone levels (F[3, 28] = 3.283, p= 0.035), but treatment of diabetic animals with CME increased serum testosterone levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that C. mukul possesses proandrogenic activity and exerts a beneficial effect on sperm parameters in diabetic rats.