• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.503-511
• /
• 2008

An edible marine red alga, Grateloupia filicina, collected from Jeju Island of Korea was hydrolyzed by cheap food-grade carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celuclast, AMC, Termamyl, and Ultraflo) to investigate its anticoagulant activity. Among the tested enzymatic extracts of G. filicina, a Termamyl extract showed the highest anticoagulant activity. Anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel-permeation chromatography on Sepharose-4B were used to purify the active polysaccharide from the crude polysaccharide fraction of G. filicina. The purified sulfated polysaccharide (0.42 sulfate/total sugar) showed ${\sim}1,357kDa$ molecular mass and was comprised mainly of galactose(98%) and 1-2% of glucose. The sample showed potential anticoagulant activity on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) thrombin time (TT) assays. The purified G. filicina anticoagulant (GFA) inhibited the coagulation factor X (92%), factor II (82%), and factor VII (68%) of the coagulation cascade, and the molecular interaction (protein-polysaccharide) was highly enhanced in the presence of ATIII (antithrombin III). The dissociation constant of polysaccharide towards serine proteins decreased in the order of FXa (58.9 nM) >FIIa (74.6 nM) >FVII (109.3 nM). The low/less cytotoxicity of the polysaccharide benefits its use in the pharmaceutical industry; however, further studies that would help us to elucidate the mechanism of its activity are needed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.657-663
• /
• 2012

Muscle strength and endurance activities of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer; KG) were compared with those of wild simulated cultivation ginseng (WCG) in mice. Fifty male ICR mice were divided into five groups: A (vehicle); B (WCG 100 mg/kg); C (WCG 500 mg/kg); D (KG 100 mg/kg); E (KG 500 mg/kg). Subsequently, the mice were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) and treadmill test at the $4^{th}$ and $7^{th}$ weeks. The glycogen content in the muscle and blood analysis (levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), IGF-1) were also performed immediately after the last FST and treadmill test at the $7^{th}$ week. Immobility times in FST were shorter in WCG- than KG-treated groups, and the results of the treadmill tests were also significant except for KG-treated at 100 mg/kg. The glycogen content was increased in both groups with a peak at 500 mg/kg of WCG groups. Serum concentrations of TG and glucose were decreased by administration of KG and WCG and all treated groups showed increase in the level of IGF-1 in serum. These results suggest that KG and WCG supplementations are effective in escalating the muscle strength and endurance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.461-464
• /
• 1996

The data on milk yield of 1837 healthy dairy cows of different genetic groups raised in Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy farms, Savar, Dhaka for the period from 1978 to 1992 were analyzed from first to 6th lactation. The mean (SE) milk yields of 100 days, 305 days, total lactation and total life time ($928{\pm}48.6kg$, $2,188{\pm}201.81kg$, $2,661{\pm}385.46kg$ and $11,134{\pm}2,916kg$) respectively, were in pure bred Friesian found to be highest among all genetic groups. The corresponding means in indigenous cows, $334{\pm}12.92kg$, $946{\pm}64.44kg$, $635{\pm}16.31kg$ and $3,934{\pm}402.21kg$ were the lowest. Among the $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ cross-breds, the $F_1$ half bred Friesian showed the highest performance in milk yield. The half bred Friesian in successive generations yielded low milk. Similar trend was obtained incase of cross-bred with other breeds such as Jersey, Sindhi and Sahiwal. From the over all results, it can be concluded that the performance in respect to milk yield of pure bred Friesian and their $F_1$ half bred with indigenous and Sahiwal were superior over the $F_2$ or $F_3$ cross-breds between Fresian and any other breed irrespective of proportion of blood. The performance in respect to production of indigenous local cow was found to be almost similar with that of Sahiwal breed.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine and a halogen light source to treat a biofilm formed on a machined surface titanium disk in vivo. Ten volunteers carried an acrylic appliance containing six machined surface titanium disks on the upper jaw over a period of five days. After the five days of biofilm formation period, the disks were removed. PDT using 20 ${\mu}M$ erythrosine and halogen light was then applied to the biofilms formed on the disks. Experimental samples were divided into a negative control group (no erythrosine and no irradiation), E0 group (erythrosine 60s + no irradiation), E30 group (erythrosine 60s + halogen light 30s), and E60 group (erythrosine 60s + halogen light 60s). Following PDT, the bacteria in the biofilm were found to be detached from each disk. Each suspension with detached bacteria were diluted and cultivated on a blood-agar plate for five days under anaerobic conditions. The cultivated bacterial counts in the E60 group were significantly lower than the control group (86.4%) or E0 group (76.7%). In the experimental groups also, the light exposure time and bacterial counts showed a negative correlation. In conclusion, PDT using erythrosine and halogen light has bactericidal effects on biofilms formed on a titanium disk in vivo. Notably, applying 20 ${\mu}M$ erythrosine and 60 seconds of halogen light irradiation had a significantly potent effect.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2001

Objective: To analyze the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Material and Method: The blood samples of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion were tested by PCR-RFLP method. Results: Of 51 cases of study group, 14 (27.5%) were normal, 25 (49.0%) were heterozygosity, and 12 (23.5%) were homozygosity. Of 58 cases of control group, 20 (34.5%) were normal, 30 (51.7%) were heterozygosity, and 8 (13.8%) were homozygosity. But the difference between two groups was not significant (p=0.190). Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR mutation is a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Therefore, the study for MTHFR mutation should be included in the workup of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 1980

In order to study the effect of lead exposure on the hematocrit and hemoglobin values in accordance with the level of lead exposure, twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups of six rats each. Lead acetate disolved in glucose was injected intraperitoneally six times a week, for four weeks with dose of 0.05 mg/kg/day for group I, 0.5 mg/kg/day for group II, and 5 mg/kg/day for group III. Control group was injected glucose only. Blood samples for the checking of the hematocrit and hemoglobin values, were taking from tail vein of rats before lead injection and on the third, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days after lead injection. And also, the concentration of lead and ALA in urine were checked for evaluating the lead absorption. The results were as follows: 1. The alteration of the hematocrit and hemoglobin values of the group I was not significant as that of the control group. 2. In group II, the hematocrit values were significantly decreased from the fourteenth day after lead injection, and the hemoglobin values were decreased from the twenty-first day after lead injection when the concentration of lead in urine was elevated more than $260{\mu}g/liter$. 3. In group III, the hematocrit values were decreased from the seventh day after lead injection, and the hemoglobin values were decreased even from the third day after lead injection. And the hemoglobin values were more rapidly decreased than the hematocrit values. 4. In all groups, the correlation coefficient between hematocrit and hemoglobin was highly significant. And the difference between the correlation coefficient of the group III and that of the others was highly significant.

• 한국건강관리협회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.12-27
• /
• 2006

"본 논문은 대한내과학회지 2006년 제70권 제3호에 실렸던 논문으로 대한내과학회 편집위원회의 승인을 득하고 본 협회지에 게재함. Background : Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. In recent years non-invasive high resolution B-mode ultrasound methods have been developed to measure the intima-media thickness(IMT) of the carotid artery as an indicator for early atherosclerosis. Itis known that obesity plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and it has also been reported that not only the amount but also the distribution of body fat is important. This study investigated the relationship between obesity and the development of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Carotid IMT was measured by ultrasound B-mode imaging in 144 patients with type 2diabetes mellitus. All subjects underwent assessment for the degree and distribution of obesity, the presence of coronary artery disease risk factors, and the presence of diabetic complications. Resuts: Carotid IMT was increased in the abdominal obese group defined by waist circurference. However, there was no significant difference in carotid TMT between the non-obese group and obese group as defined by body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and total body fat percent measured by bio electrical impedance analysis. There were positive correlations between carotid IMT and age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the variable that interacted independently with carotid IMT was age in type 2 diabetic patients. Carotid IMT was significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular complications and microvascvlar complications .Conclusion: This study suggested that abdominal obesity rather than general obesity was associated with carotid atherosclerosis reflected by increment of carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Disturbances of serotonergic system might be related to the possible mechanism of social phobia. This study was to investigate the association of serotonin transporter gene and social phobia. Methods : Sixty nine patients with social phobia(51 male(73.9%), mean age $35.17{\pm}11.89$ years) and seventy four normal controls(54 male(73.0%), mean age $33.46{\pm}9.63$ years) were tested for serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region(5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. Additionally, patients were grouped into 46 generalized(GEN) and 23 nongeneralized(NGEN) subgroups and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was compared with that of normal controls. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism between social phobia and the control group were compared. Genomic DNA was extracted from their blood and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction. Results : Significant association was observed between the S(ss) genotype and social phobia, by functional classification(p=.010). In allele frequency analysis, a significant association was also observed between the short allele and social phobia(p=.030). A significant associations between S genotype and each subgroup were observed(GEN p=.045 ; NGEN p=.033), but there were no differences in allele frequency. And, no differences in genotype and allele distribution between two subgroups were found. Conclusion : The results in our Korean sample suggest that S genotype of 5-HTTLPR may be associated with social phobia and s allele may be an important genetic factor that activates social phobic symptoms. But, further studies including large number of samples are necessary to elucidate these present findings.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.594-603
• /
• 2009

Objectives : ICH breaks down blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, which finally leads to neuronal loss, drugs to treat ICH have not yet been established. In this experiment, we measured the effect of Woowhangchongshim-won (WWCSW) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rat using microarray technology. Methods : We measured the effect of WWCSW on ICH in rat using microarray technology. ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV, and total RNA was isolated. Image files of microarray were measured using a ScanArray scanner, and the criteria of the threshold for up- and down-regulation was 2 fold. Hierarchical clustering was implemented using CLUSTER and TREEVIEW program, and for Ontology analysis. GOSTAT program was applied in which p-value was calculated by Chi square or Fisher's exact test based on the total array element. Results : WWCSW-treatment restored the gene expression altered by ICH-induction in brain to the levels of 76.0% and 70.1% for up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Conclusion : Co-regulated genes by ICH model of rat could be used as molecular targets for therapeutic effects of drug including WWCSW. That is, the presence of co-regulated genes may represent the importance of these genes in ICH in the brain and the change of expression level of these co-regulated genes would also indicate the functional change of brain tissue.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and to determine whether hyponatremia is associated with CALs in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 105 children with KD who were admitted to Ilsan Hospital between January 2000 and July 2011. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.013), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.017) were higher and serum sodium levels (P = 0.027) were lower in KD children with CALs than those without. White blood cell (WBC) counts (P = 0.006), neutrophil counts (P = 0.003) were higher and albumin levels (P = 0.009) were lower in KD children with hyponatremia than those without. On multiple logistic regression analysis, hyponatremia (P = 0.024) and intravenous immunoglobulin-resistance (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for CALs in KD. Furthermore, serum sodium levels were correlated negatively with WBC counts (P = 0.004), neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.005) and positively with albumin levels (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our study indicates that hyponatremia may reflect severe inflammation in children with KD.