• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

Purpose: Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal death accounting for 30-50% of mortality annually in developing countries. This study was to determine the prognostic factors of neonatal sepsis mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Governor Hospital from April 2021 to September 2021 on 121 neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) diagnosed with sepsis. The inclusion criteria were neonates aged 0-28 days, admitted to the NICU, and diagnosed with sepsis. The exclusion criteria were incomplete data and the presence of congenital abnormalities. A χ² test was performed on the sex, gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight, APGAR score, birthplace, and blood culture. A normality test was performed on leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), and length of stay. Then performed a Mann-Whitney test. Results: Birth weight (P=0.038), gestational age (P=0.009), and blood culture (P=0.014) showed a significant relationship with the neonatal sepsis outcome while Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the platelets (P=0.018), CRP (P=0.002), and length of stay (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that 3 prognostic factors associated with neonatal sepsis mortality were prematurity (odds ratio [OR], 3.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.344-11.356; P=0.012), low birth weight (LBW, OR, 2.833; 95% CI, 1.030-7.790; P=0.044), and gram-negative bacteria (OR, 4.821; 95% CI, 1.018-22.842; P=0.047). Conclusions: Prematurity, LBW, and gram-negative bacteria were associated with the prognostic factors of neonatal sepsis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.912-918
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• 2011

Newly born lambs have to face challenges in a new environment totally different from that of the uterus. Adaptation to extra-uterine life involves functional changes with almost each organ and system in the body undergoing a series of metabolic and anatomical modifications. Failure to adapt the extra-uterine environment can not only lead to homeostatic disturbances but also lead to the death of the affected lambs. Hematological parameters of newly born lambs show variability that differs between breeds of lambs. The purpose of present study was to determine homeostatic responses and physiological reference values in Kajli breed lambs occurring in the neonatal period through changes in blood profile, respiratory rate, heart rate, live weight and rectal, scrotal and skin temperatures. For this purpose, sixteen clinically fit lambs (males = 10 and females = 6) with a mean body weight $6.92{\pm}0.46$ kg were selected. Physiological data of selected parameters of each Kajli lamb was recorded at three day intervals and hematological parameters at five days for a period of 30 days. In general, statistical analysis showed a significant effect of time (p<0.001) on all the studied physiological and hematological parameters except platelets counts, white blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. The results documented in the current study are an addition to existing knowledge of the physiology of Kajli sheep breed should be helpful in developing feeding, disease diagnoses and treatment protocols for newborn Kajli stock.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2016

The tendency of students to become adults in the future to improve the country's public health policy and to determine the socio-economic development of the research is very important. The objectives of this study were to examine the changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and complete blood cell count in a group of male and female university students. Among the body compositions, height, weight, BMI, muscle volume, basal metabolic rate, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit showed a correlation between the amount shown both had statistical significance (p<0.01). In particular, platelets showed a rather different result from fat and body fat percentage, and were positively correlated with waist-hip ratio points (p<0.01). This study may be useful as it provides the basic data necessary for students of healthcare. Therefore, developing a sustainable management system of healthcare on a national level for university students is very important.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1995

RDW and MCV are thought to be the highly sensitive blood cell parameters in the differentiation of iron deficiency anemias. Through the medical records of 227 anemic patients and the physical checking results of 143 healthy persons in a General Hospital during the recent five years, the authors evaluated various blood cell parameters including RDW and MCV. Iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia and other anemias associated with chronic disease were shown as the three major causes of anemias in Korea. In the patients of iron deficiency anemia MCV was very low(62.9$\pm$13.7fl), while RDW was very high(19.3$\pm$4.8) showing much lower MCV and much higher RDW in severe IDA compared with in mild IDA. To differentiate iron deficiency anemias form other anemias, a discriminant function was developed from some blood cell parameters like MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and platelets(D.F.=0.26-0.012MCV -0.130MCH +0.073MCHC +0.052RDW+0.003PLT).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7561-7566
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• 2015

Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) fruit is rich in bioactive functional components such as polysaccharides, triterpenoid acid, flavonoids and oleamide. It has been commonly used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, digestive disorders, diarrhea, skin infections, liver and urinary diseases. However, its dietary effect on chemoprevention of colon cancer has never been studied. The present study was to evaluate the protective effects of dietary ZJ on colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice. AOM was injected (10 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) and three cycles of 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days with 14 days of normal drinking water in-between was administered to induce colitis-associated colon cancer. ZJ fruit was supplemented in feed as 5 and 10%. Dietary ZJ significantly attenuated aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation thereby decreasing the progression of hyperplasia to dysplasia. In addition, it significantly reduced circulating white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and platelets compared to colon cancer mice. We conclude that ZJ supplementation delayed the progression of colon cancer from hyperplasia to dysplasia and ultimately adenocarcinoma and cancer. In addition, it decreased circulating tumor-related leucocytes, main regulators of cancer inflammation. Therefore, dietary consumption of ZJ fruit attenuated the formation of ACF and delayed the progression of colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7893-7895
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• 2015

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinctive clinical, biological and molecular subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. However, data from Pakistan are scarce. Therefore we reviewed the demographic and clinical profile along with risk stratification of APL patients at our center. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 26 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were enrolled from January 2011 to June 2015. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age was $31.8{\pm}1.68years$ with a median of 32 years. The female to male ratio was 2:1.2. The majority of our patients had hypergranular variant (65.4%) rather than the microgranular type. The major complaints were bleeding (80.7%), fever (76.9%), generalized weakness (30.7%) and dyspnea (15.38%). Physical examination revealed petechial rashes as a predominant finding detected in 61.5% followed by pallor in 30.8%. The mean hemoglobin was $8.04{\pm}2.29g/dl$ with the mean MCV of $84.7{\pm}7.72fl$. The mean total leukocyte count of $5.44{\pm}7.62{\times}10^9/l$; ANC of $1.08{\pm}2.98{\times}10^9/l$ and mean platelets count were $38.84{\pm}5.38{\times}10^9/l$. According to risk stratification, 15.3% were in high, 65.4% in intermediate and 19.2% in low risk groups. Conclusions: Clinico-epidemiological features of APL in Pakistani patients appear comparable to published data. Haemorrhagic diathesis is the commonest presentation. Risk stratification revealed predominance of intermediate risk disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.218-223
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effect of spinach saponin-enriched fraction (SSEF) on collagen (10 ${\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation. SSEF inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and which was involved in the inhibition of thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-agonist as an aggregation-inducing autacoidal molecule. In addition, SSEF significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-antagonists as aggregation-inhibiting molecules, in collagen-stimulated platelets. These results suggest that SSEF might inhibit $Ca^{2+}$-elevation and $TXA_2$ formation by increasing the production of $Ca^{2+}$-antagonistic molecules cAMP and cGMP. These mean that SSEF is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. On the other hand, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were potently prolonged by SSEF. These findings suggest that SSEF prolongs the internal time between the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Accordingly, our data demonstrate that SSEF may be a crucial tool for a negative regulator during platelet activation and blood coagulation on thrombotic diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

Objectives : This experiment was designed to assess the single oral toxicity of Ethanol Extract Inulae Flos (IF) ethanol extracts. IF is one of the important herbs to remove phlegmy which is the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body, causing a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research on the pharmacology toxicity of IF. Methods : In this study, IF was orally administered to 5 weeks ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000 or 3,000 or 5,000 mg/kg. The condition of the mice was observed for 14 days and their weights were measured every two days. Results : None of the mice died for 14 days. The abnormal clinical symptoms and anatomical signs of toxicity were not found in any treatment groups. The gain of net body weight was observed. There was also no significant difference in the organ weight. The serum biochemistry and hematological analysis showed a decrease in BUN, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets although within the normal ranges. Conclusions : These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of IF is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could be thought that IF is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects. However, IF showed some weight loss and change in blood test, so it will need to be careful when using it for high doses.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 1987

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ($Bactrim^{\circledR}$) in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gcndii was evaluated. The average survival days and survival rate of mice infected intraperitoneally with $1{\times}10^5$ trophozoites and treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ were compared with those of untreated group. The hematologic findings of blood samples of experimental mice were observed for comparison of side elects between $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ and pyrimethamine ($Daraprim^{\circledR}$), the latter of which has been one of the favorable drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ showed a strong evidence of potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. The survival rate of mice administered with 24 mg of $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ per mouse per day for 7 days, was 83.3%, and the rate was increased to 100% in mice administered with two-fold concentrated dose of the drug. 2. The average numbers of white blood cells (W.B.C.) in the mouse groups treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ or $Daraprim^{\circledR}$ were more increased than those only infected with T. gondii. The mice treated with $Daraprim^{\circledR}$ however, showed remarkably decreased numbers of W.B.C. as compared with those treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ . 3. The average numbers of red blood cells (R.B.C.) and platelets both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased as compared with normal mice. The numbers of R. B. C. in $Daraprim^{\circledR}-treated$ mice, however, were more decreased than in $Bactrim^{\circledR}-treated$ mice. 4. The average levels of hemoglobin both in the drug.treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased, compared with normal mice. But there was no difference in the levels of hemoglobin between $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ and $Daraprim^{\circledR}-treated$ groups. In conclusion, trimethoprim.sulfamethoxasole ($Bactrim^{\circledR}$) was proven to be effective and safe for the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis. The efficacy was comparable with pyrimethamine ($Daraprim^{\circledR}$), but bone marrow depression was less severe with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2010

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immuneregulative effects of electro-acupouncture(EA) at SP6(Sameumgyo) in aged rats. The author performed several experimental items including blood cell counts, blood chemistry, measurement of various oxidants and antioxidants in liver and spleen, analysis of various cytokines in spleen. The results are as follows. Results: 1. EA at SP6 significantly reduced the number of platelets in blood. 2. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased catalase activity in liver. 3. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased SOD activity, catalase activity and glutathione concentration in spleen. 4. EA at SP6 restored the increase of IL-4, IL-6 and the decrease of IFN-$\gamma$ in aged rat spleen. Conclusion: According to these results, it is postulated that EA at SP6 has an antioxidative effect through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and inhibiting production of oxidized substances, as well as an immune regulative effect in aging process. In consequence, it is presumed that EA at SP6 may have an anti-aging effect.