• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disabling pain that mostly occurs in elderly women, but rarely in men. It is characterized by an unremitting oral burning sensation and pain without detectable oral mucosal changes. We investigated the clinical and hematologic features of middle-aged men with BMS, and compared the results to those of men with oral mucositis. Methods: Five men with BMS ($48.60{\pm}6.19years$) and five age-matched controls with oral mucositis ($49.80{\pm}15.26years$) underwent clinical and psychological evaluations and blood tests. Psychological status was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined from the blood samples. Results: ADH level was significantly lower in men with BMS than in the controls. ADH levels correlated with testosterone (p<0.01), and ACTH levels strongly correlated with ESR (p<0.05). Progesterone level positively correlated with FSH and LH levels. Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale correlated with estradiol level only in men with BMS. Among psychological factors, the obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal-sensitivity, and anxiety scores were higher in men with BMS than in the controls (p<0.05). However, no correlations were observed between the psychological and hematologic factors in both groups. The BMS symptoms presented only on the tongue, with the lateral border being the most prevalent area. Conclusions: Men with BMS may experience dysregulated endocrinologic or psychoneuroendocrinologic interactions, which might affect oral BMS symptoms, aggravating the severity of the burning sensation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.106-118
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• 2005

Purpose : Deoyeongjeon(DYJ : 大營煎) is used in female infertility, caused by　ovulation disorder. so this study is to examine what are the effects of the Deoyeongjeon(DYJ) on the vulation and Ovary in Rats Methods : 4weeks Female Sprague-Dawley 12 rats of weighting 160-l80g, were divided into three groups including the DYJ oral administration(4ml/kg) groups(4heads) and DYJ oral administration(8m/lkg) groups(4heads). then we observed changes in the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and estradiol(E2) and the histological changes of ovary and the immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary of rats. Results : 1. Blood FSH level significantly increased in experimental group as compared with control group. 2. In blood LH level, experimental group showed no efficacy as compared with control group. 3. In blood estradiol(E2) level, experimental group showed no efficacy as compared with control group. 4. In histological observations of ovary, ovulation increased in experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 5. In observations of immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary, immunohistochemical staining score (ISS) of atretic follicles significantly showed a tendency to decrease in experimental group as compared with control group. Conclusion : DYJ influences the pituitary gland and ovary to increase the ovulation of rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.897-900
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• 2000

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of GnRH administration at induced estrus on pituitary and ovarian response in buffalo heifers. Eight Murrah river buffaloes of 12 to 13 months of age were treated with $PGF_{{2}{\alpha}}$ and eCG combination. GnRH (Fertagyl) 200 ug was injected (iv) at estrus in four heifers (treated group) while saline (2 ml, iv) was injected in remaining four heifers (control group). Blood was collected through jugular catheter to estimate plasma FSH, LH and estradiol level. The pretreatment plasma FSH, LH and estradiol values ranged from $8.46{\pm}1.97ng/ml$ to $12.31{\pm}1.30ng/ml$, $0.87{\pm}0.21ng/ml$ to $1.19{\pm}0.29ng/ml$ and $19.09{\pm}2.38pg/ml$ to $20.24{\pm}1.00pg/ml$ respectively. The plasma estradiol concentration elevated significantly (p<0.05) within 24 hr after eCG administration and reached its peak levels of $154.09{\pm}17.28pg/ml$ and $181.95{\pm}31.82pg/ml$ at estrus in respectively treatment and control groups. The plasma FSH and LH concentrations did not increase during follicular development after eCG administration while initial significant (p<0.05) increases in both plasma FSH and LH concentrations occured within 5 and 10 min, reaching peak levels of respectively $110.06{\pm}23.56ng/ml$ and $13.15{\pm}3.13ng/ml$ within 90 min after GnRH injection was detected. A sharp and significant decline in plasma estradiol concentration ($59.27{\pm}8.78pg/ml$) associated with synchronized ovulation within 24 hours after GnRH injection was recorded. The observation suggest that the hypophysis of prepubertal buffaloes treated with eCG have gonadotrophins awaiting the releasing factor to evoke release of gonadotrophin during the follicular phase to induce synchronized ovulation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to determine changes in serum hormone concentrations, blood chemical values and recovery rate of in vivo embryos during the estrous cycle following super-ovulation treatments in Jeju black cows. Superovulation was induced by subcutaneous administration of FSH twice a day for 4 days. Serum hormones were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and blood chemical values were analyzed by blood analyser system. Embryos were collected from all treated black cows using nonsurgical technique on day 7 after artificial insemination (AI). The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The progesterone concentrations were $7.2{\pm}3.8ng/ml$ at day -11 and $0.3{\pm}0.1ng/mL$ at day 0 (Day 0 is the first day of AI). The estradiol concentrations were $10.6{\pm}4.48pg/ml$ at day -11 and $15.0{\pm}2.2pg/ml$ at day 0. The lowest level of progesterone was measured at day 0. The highest levels of estradiol was measured at day 0. 2. The blood chemical values of treated black cows were no significant differences in normal cow values. 3. Sixty two embryos were collected in 12 black cows. Among the collected embryos, 37 embryos (59.7%) could be transferred into recipients. These results would be used as the basic informations for changing patterns of hormonal level and blood biochemistry in Jeju black cow with superovulation.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral ovariectomy in immature rats on the weight of body, ovary, uterus and adrenal gland and the change of serum FSH and LH level. Ninty Sprague-Dawley female rats, 23${\pm}$2 days old, were divided into 3 groups with 30 heads per group; control, unilaterally and bilaterally ovariectomized group. Each group was subdivided into 6 groups according to 6 experimental periods; day 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 after operation. Five rats at every 4 days intervals were measured their body weights and sacrificed for the measurement of their ovarian, uterine and adrenal weights and at the same time blood samples were taken for the determination of serum FSH and LH level by radioimmunoassay. The following results were obtained: 1. Body weights in the unilaterally and bilaterally ovariectomized goups were higher than those of control groups during all experimental periods, even though there were no significant differences among the above 3 groups. 2. A significant hypertrophy of the remained ovary in the unilaterally ovariecto mized group was observed from day 16 till day 24 after operation. The ovarian weight; 22.1${\pm}$1.73mg, at day 16 in control group was smaller than the unilaterally ovariectomized group weighing 50.5${\pm}$8.45mg (p<0.01) and the ovarian weights, 75.9${\pm}$2.25mg and 63.3${\pm}$7.08mg ; at day 20 and 24 in unilaterally ovariectomized group were significantly larger than 29.1${\pm}$2.33mg and 26.3${\pm}$1.76mg in control group, respectively (p<0.01 and p<0.05). 3. The uterus of bilaterally ovariectomized group were remarkably atrophied from day 8 after operation as compared with those of control and unilaterally ovariectomized group. The uterine weight at day 24 was 96.7${\pm}$9.15mg for control group, 139.4${\pm}$1.73mg for unilaterally ovariectomized group and 21.7${\pm}$1.08mg for bilaterally ovariectomized group, respectively and there were significant differences among 3 groups (p<0.01). 4. A statistically significant increase ofthe weight of adrenal gland was observed at day 16 in the unilaterally ovariectomized group with 24.4${\pm}$2.58mg against 15.5${\pm}$3.09mg in control group and 13.9${\pm}$1.38mg in bilaterally ovariectomized group (p<0.05). The adrenal gland weight in unilaterally ovariectomized group with 24.7${\pm}$1.63mg at day 20 and 31.2${\pm}$1.62mg at day 24 increased significantly as compared with bilaterally ovariectomized group with 15.1${\pm}$13.11mg at day 20 and 15.6${\pm}$1.76mg at day 24. 5. Serum FSH level of unilaterally ovariectomized group increased remarkably up to 2.97${\pm}$0.37mIU/ml at day 4 after operaton and then decreased gradually. Serum FSH level of bilaterally ovariectomized group were higher than those of control group throughout all experimental periods. 6. Serum LH level ofunitelarally ovariectomized group with 3.17${\pm}$0.32mIU/iml at day 4 and 3.57${\pm}$0.58mIU/ml at day 24 increased noticeably more than those of control group with 1.79${\pm}$0.16 mIU/ml at day 4 and 2.17${\pm}$0.27mIU/ml at day 24 (p<0.05).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1999

Objectives: The aims of this study are 1) to determine if GAST is a better indicator in predicting ovarian response to COH compared with patient's age or basal FSH level and 2) to evaluate its role in detecting abnormal ovarian response. Design: Prospective study in 118 patients undergoing IVF-ET using GnRH-a short protocol during May-September 1995. Materials and Methods: After blood sampling for basal FSH and estradiol $(E_2)$ on cycle day two, 0.5ml (0.525mg) GnRH agonist ($Suprefact^{(r)}$, Hoechst) was injected subcutaneously. Serum $E_2$ was measured 24 hours later. Initial $E_2$ difference $({\Delta}E_2)$ was defined as the change in $E_2$ on day 3 over the baseline day 2 value. Sixteen patients with ovarian cyst or single ovary or incorrect blood collection time were excluded from the analysis. The patients were divided into three groups by ${\Delta}E_2$; group A (n=30):${\Delta}E_2$<40 pg/ml, group B (n=52): 40 pg/ml${\leq}{\Delta}E_2$<100 pg/ml, group C (n=20): ${\Delta}E_2{\leq}100$ pg/ml. COH was done by GnRH agonist/HMG/hCG and IVF-ET was followed. Ratio of $E_2$ on day of hCG injection over the number of ampules of gonadotropins used ($E_2hCGday$/Amp) was regarded as ovarian responsiveness. Poor ovarian response and overstimulation were defined as $E_2$ hCGday less than 600 pg/ml and greater than 5000 pg/ml, respectively. Results: Mean age $({\pm}SEM)$ in group A, B and C were $33.7{\pm}0.8^*,\;31.5{\pm}0.6\;and\;30.6{\pm}0.5^*$, respectively ($^*$: p<0.05). Mean basal FSH level of group $A(11.1{\pm}1.1mlU/ml)$ was significantly higher than those of $B(7.4{\pm}0.2mIU/ml)$ and C $(6.8{\pm}0.4mIU/ml)$ (p<0.001). Mean $E_2hCGday$ of group A was significantly lower than those of group B or C, i.e., $1402.1{\pm}187.7pg/ml,\;3153.2{\pm}240.0pg/ml,\;4078.8{\pm}306.4pg/ml$ respectively (p<0.0001). The number of ampules of gonadotropins used in group A was significantly greater than those in group B or C: $38.6{\pm}2.3,\;24.2{\pm}1.1\;and\;18.5{\pm}1.0$ (p<0.0001). The number of oocytes retrieved in group A was significantly smaller than those in group B or C: $6.4{\pm}1.1,\;15.5{\pm}1.1\;and\;18.6{\pm}1.6$, respectively (p<0.0001). By stepwise multiple regression, only ${\Delta}E_2$ showed a significant correlation (r=0.68, p<0.0001) with $E_2HCGday$/Amp, while age or basal FSH level were not significant. Likewise, only ${\Delta}E_2$ correlated significantly with the number of oocytes retrieved (r=0.57, p<0.001). All four patients whose COH was canceled due to poor ovarian response belonged to group A only (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01). Whereas none of 30 patients in group A (0%) had overstimulation, 14 patients among 72 patients (19.4%) in group B and C had overstimulation (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01). Conclusions: These data suggest that initial $E_2$ difference after GAST may be a better prognostic indicator of ovarian response to COH than age or basal FSH level. Since initial $E_2$ difference demonstrates significant association with abnormal ovarian response such as poor ovarian response necessitating cycle cancellation or overstimulation, GAST may be helpful in monitoring and consultation of patients during COH in IVF-ET cycle.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.563-567
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• 2007

This study evaluated the effect of ANTORIN R-10(pFSH), a commercially available follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian morphology, on follicular development and serum estradiol levels in rats. Immature female Wistar S/T rats(27 day old; 80-100 g B.wt) maintained under controlled environmental conditions($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; 50% humidity; 12 h light/12 h dark cycle) with free access to standard laboratory feed and tap water were utilized. Animals were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for at least 2 weeks before being included in the experiment. Rats were randomly allotted to 5 groups(Control, SL 0.1AU, SH 0.2AU, TL 0.1AU and TH 0.2AU). ANTORIN R-10 was subcutaneously injected twice daily for 3 days. Twenty hours after hormone treatment, blood was collected to estimate the serum estradiol $17-\beta$ concentration. Immediately, all rats were sacrificed and the ovarian morphology, ovary weight and number of follicles were recorded. Ovaries were fixed for histomorphological examination. Higher standard and treatment groups were significantly increased on ovary weight and the number of follicles more than 1mm compared with lower standard and treatment. However, no difference revealed between standard and treatment groups. ANTORIN R-10 was similar effects of follicles development and maturation compared with House standard FSH.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2008

Objectives To investigate the relationship between Heart Rate Variability and menopause among obese middle-aged women in Korea. Subjects and Methods Forty middle-aged women (age 49.05 $\pm$ 2.64 years) with BMI > $23kg/m^2$ were recruited by local advertisement. Blood profiles of estrogen, FSH, LH, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) was estimated by short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were accessed using Computerized Tomography (CT), Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA), and anthropometry. To scrutinize the influence of ANS on obesity-related factors, we divided the subjects into pre- and post-menopausal women. Results The total cholesterol, FSH and LH were significantly higher in post-menopausal obese women group. The estradiol and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN), high-frequency components (HF) of the HRV were significantly lower in postmenopausal obese women group (P<0.05). Adipose tissue distribution and blood profiles were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion Menopause induced a decrease in SDNN and HF values and increase in total cholesterol level in obese women although the VAT itself was not related with ANS in obese women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2009

Purpose:The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test results of girls with precocious puberty were analyzed to determine whether this test can efficiently and clearly differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and other disorders. Methods:Clinical and laboratory data of 54 girls with precocious pubertal signs were reviewed. Intravenous GnRH test was performed with blood samples obtained at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. A peak luteinizing hormone (LH) level of ${\geq}5.0IU/L$ was indicative of CPP. Results:Of the 40 girls with CPP, 36 (90.0%), 3 (7.5%), and 1 (2.5%) showed peak LH levels at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. A percentage of girls whose peak LH ${\geq}5.0IU/L$ up to 30, 60, and 90 minutes was 92.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio of girls with CPP was 0.89${\pm}$0.49 and was <1 in 16 of the 40 girls (40.0%). Girls with peak LH/FSH ratio of >1.0 showed higher chronological age (CA) ($8.3{\pm}0.6$ vs. $7.7{\pm}1.0$ years, P=0.033), bone age (BA) ($10.9{\pm}0.8$ vs. $9.7{\pm}1.1$ years, P=0.001), and BA-CA difference ($2.6{\pm}0.7$ vs. $2.0{\pm}0.7$ years, P=0.009) than those of girls with peak LH/FSH ratio of ${\leq}1.0$. Higher percentage of girls with peak LH/FSH ratio of >1.0 showed advanced breast development (${\geq}TannerIII$) (93.7% vs. 41.7%, P=0.001). Conclusion:LH levels after 30 and 60 minutes of intravenous GnRH administration are the most useful for diagnosing CPP in girls.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

Purpose Precocious Puberty is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls younger than 8 years, and boys 9 years. Cause premature closure of the epiphysis is a disease that eventually decreases the final adult height. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic difference the GnRH (Gonado-tropin-releasing Hormone) stimulation test results with medical records of precocious puberty in girls. Materials and Methods From February 2015 to December 2015 it was enrolled in the girls 118 people who visited the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Pediatrics, Endocrinology Internal Medicine. True precocious puberty group (n=57), early puberty group (n=39), were divided into Premature thelarche (n=22) group. A Tanner stage, chronological age, bone age, height, body weight for each group was determined by examining the mean${\pm}$standard deviation. GnRH test result was compared LH (Basal, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min), FSH (Basal, 30 min, 60 min) for each group, Each group LH, FSH Peak value distribution, the mean${\pm}$standard deviation was calculated for the peak LH/LH basal ratio, peak LH/Peak FSH ratio. The significance probability (P-value) between the value of each third group was determined. Results The average height of the true precocious puberty group $131{\pm}14.85$, the mean weight was $28.80{\pm}4.93$, the average chronological age $7.1{\pm}0.81$, the mean bone age was $9.9{\pm}0.9$, The average height of early puberty group was $134{\pm}5.10$, the average weight $28.50{\pm}4.43$, the average chronological age $8.05{\pm}0.03$, the mean bone age was $10.0{\pm}0.62$, The average height of Premature thelarche $129{\pm}6,01$, the average weight was $28.65{\pm}5.98$, the average chronological age $7.02{\pm}0.58$, the mean bone age was $8.04{\pm}1.29$. There was no significant difference when compared to the height and weight. There was a significant difference between the groups in the chronologic age and bone age difference (P <0.0002) True precocious puberty group showed peak LH levels at 30'(82.5%), 45'(12.3%), 60'(5.3%), in Peak FSH 30'(8.8%), 60'(91.2%). Early Puberty group showed high values in Peak LH at 30'(79.5%), 45'(17.9%), 60'(2.6%), in peak FSH levels at 30'(7.7%), 60'(92.32%). In Premature thelarche Group it showed the Peak LH levels at 30'(30%), 45'(59%), 60'(9.09%), Peak FSH levels at 30'(0%) 60'(100%). When compared with the The Peak LH/basal LH ratio, True precocious puberty group was $19.09{\pm}17.15$, early puberty group was $15.23{\pm}10.88$, Premature thelarche group showed significant differences between the three groups as $4.93{\pm}4.36$.(P <0.0001) LH Peak/FSH Peak ratio, true precocious puberty group was $1.222{\pm}0.77$, early puberty group was $1.34{\pm}1.23$, Premature thelarche group showed significant differences between the three groups as $0.3{\pm}0.09$(P <0.0001) Conclusion In order to diagnose the true precocious puberty have a diagnostic value when the LH peak after GnRH stimulation is increased by more than two to three times compared to baseline or a predetermined level or more than 5~10 IU/L increases. GnRH Test is a test for a long time and the patient discomfort due to repeated blood sampling, but the hypothalamus-pituitary gland- gonad axis activity evaluate and is the most basic accurate test in the differential diagnosis of precocious puberty disorders.