• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2010

저칼륨혈증의 경우 약제 또는 백혈구 증가증 등에 의해서 칼륨이 일시적으로 세포내로 이동하는 재분포에 의해서 생기는 저칼륨혈증을 먼저 감별한다. 칼륨소실에 의한 결핍의 경우 소변 칼륨 농도 또는 TTKG를 구하고, 감소되어 있는 경우에는 칼륨의 신외성 손실, 칼륨 섭취의 부족 등을 감별한다. 증가되어 있는 경우 신장을 통한 칼륨의 소실을 생각하고, 고혈압이 동반되어 있지 않을 경우 산증과 관련된 경우, 구토에 의한 경우, 세뇨관에서의 칼륨 재흡수 장애 또는 칼륨의 분비가 증가되는 경우를 생각할 수 있다. 고혈압이 동반되어 있을 경우 혈장 레닌과 알도스테론을 측정하여 레닌이 증가되어 있을 경우, 혈장 레닌이 정상 또는 낮으면서 혈장 알도스테론만 증가한 경우, 혈장 알도스테론은 증가되어 있지 않지만 알도스테론 이외에 광물부신겉질호르몬의 작용이 증가하는 경우를 감별한다. 증상은 무기력, 경련, 근육통, 횡문근 융해증, 변비, 장폐쇄, 부정맥, 지각이상 등이 있다. 치료는 원인 질환의 치료 및 칼륨공급이다. 고칼륨혈증은 재분포에 의한 경우, 가성 고칼륨혈증, 진성 고칼륨혈증을 감별해야 한다. 진성 고칼륨혈증이면서 사구체 여과율이 감소되어 있는 경우 신부전 또는 체내 칼륨 부하가 증가하는 경우를 감별한다. 사구체 여과율이 15 mL/min/$1.73m^2$ 이상인 경우에는 혈장 레닌과 알도스테론을 검사한다. 모두 낮을 경우, 혈장 레닌은 정상이지만 알도스테론만 낮은 경우, 혈장 알도스테론의 농도는 정상이지만 알도스테론의 작용을 저해되는 경우 등을 감별해야 한다. 증상은 부정맥, 감각 이상, 허약 등이 있다. 치료는 calcium gluconate, 인슐린, 베타2작용제, 중탄산염, furosemide, resin, 투석 등이 있으며, 칼륨을 제한하고 원인 약물이 있을 경우 이를 중단해야 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.444-452
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• 2007

Acupuncture treatment cures disease by regulating the functional excessiveness or deficiency which occurs in the meridian and visceral organs, and by letting stagnated Qi and Blood flow through the whole body and then controlling Qi. Whether or not to have Qi feeling is the main factor needed to manifest the efficacy of acupuncture. So it needs the very stimulus to make Qi felt rather than the simple stimulus. In order to have Qi feeling, it needs to acupuncture a patient according to patient's thinness or fatness, constitution, richness or poverty and age. And also it needs to vary the way to acupuncture a patient according to meridian, kinds of pulse, degrees of disease, new or old diseases, seasons with a disease and local areas of disease. In order to ascertain that it is important for the quality and quantity of acupuncture stimulus and the state of feeling acupuncture to get the efficacy of acupuncture, the experiment was planned to confirm whether the form and Qi of subject has different result according to the stimulated duration and depth. On the basis of the report that acupuncture on derma, when using electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) which denotes small intestinal motility, is more efficient than full depth acupuncture, I got the following result, after I observed whether the stimulated duration and depth give different efficacy according to the sex and weights of rat in experiment. The increased effects of small intestinal motility by electroacupuncture on Zusanli(ST 36) appeared after stimulating full depth for thirty minutes without distinction of sex and weights. This significant change was observed only in the female experimental group when I distinguished the sex. The small interstinal motility in rats by electroacupuncture at zusanli(ST 36) decreased in the 10 minutes' stimulated group and 30 minutes' stimulated group by duration on the one hand, and derma-deep stimulated group and full depth stimulated group by the depth of stimulus on the other hand, as the weights increased. This result shows that the duration and depth of acupuncture depends on the differences of acupuncture points, sex of the experimental animals, ages, and, weights. And the further study on the experimental and clinical differences and sextual differences need to be continued on.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GBA). This condition is characterized by accumulation of glucocerebrosidase in liver, spleen, lung, skeletal system, and central nervous system. Gaucher disease is the prototype of disease in which efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy has been established. However, because recombinant enzyme is not able to enter the central nervous system, its efficacy is limited to the non-neurological manifestations of Gaucher disease. Importantly, approximately a half of Korean patients with Gaucher disease suffer from neurological manifestations. In addition, Korean Gaucher disease patients exhibit distinct mutation spectrum from those in other populations. Common mutations in Korean patients with Gaucher disease are also associated with neurological phenotype. Therefore, therapeutic strategies tailored to Korean patients were necessary. Interestingly, a chemical chaperone, ambroxol, has been known to increase residual enzymatic activities of the select mutant GBAs encoded by mutations prevalent in Korean patients. One promising aspect of this drug is that it can cross blood-brain barrier, and enhance the enzyme activity in the brain. In vitro study suggested this chemical chaperone as one of new therapeutic agents in Gaucher disease, and a well-designed human trial is required to confirm its efficacy.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-45
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• 2003

We get the conclusion this following through bibliographic consideration about the cause of disease, disease mechanisms and remedy, prescription of tuberculosis of the cervical lymphic node. 1. The tuberculosis of the cervical Iymphic node is named the linear lump of scrofula(마도라력), the scrofula around neck(반사력), the wide-spread scrofula(류주력), the papule like lotus seed(련자력), the scrofula(라력), the subcutaneous nodes(結核), the scrofula due to disorder of Gi(기력) and the scrofula due to accumulation of phlegm(담력) according to the criterion of regions of disease, causes, rounding parts and shapes. 2. The cause of the tuberculosis of the cervical lymphic node are the stagnation of liver Gi(肝氣鬱結), the accumulation of phlegm and the stagnation of Gi(痰凝氣滯), the deficiency of vital essence of the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), the wind-heat of liver, gallbladder and triple warmer(肝膽三焦風熱), the dry-fire(燥火), the dryness of blood(血燥), the unwholesome diet(飮食不潔), the abundance of diet(食味之厚), the stagnation of Gi(鬱氣之積), the exhaustion syndrome(虛勞), the excessive thought(思慮過多), the toxin of wind-heat(風熱毒) and the germ of subcutaneous nodes(結核菌). 3. Symptoms of the tuberculosis of the cervical lymphic node are swelling slowly in comparison in the early days of occurrence, and are not pain, not itch, not heat, not other special symptoms. But in some cases, tuberculosis of the cervical lymphic node are quickly swelling in the early days of occurrence, and the fever and pain appear, The pyosis is accompanied with the fever and the pain at first generally, and then removing the pus from abscess is dissolved the fever and the pain in the majority of cases and representative of the general exhaustion syndrome. 4, The remedy of tuberculosis of the cervical Iymphic node is the early days, clearing the liver and relieves constraint(疏肝解鬱), phlegm and dissolving accumulation(化痰散結) the middle days, pus draining and toxin expelIing(托裏透膿) the latter days, replenish the kidney and strengthen the spleen(滋腎健脾). 5. The medication to treat the tuberculosis of the cervical lymphic node are the 益氣養榮湯(lkgiyangyoungtang)(14th), the 夏枯草散(Hagochosan)(10th) and et cetra in regular sequence. 6. The herb to treat the tuberculosis of the cervical Iymphic node are the 連翹(FRUCTUS FORSYTHlAE)(59th), the 甘草(RADIX GLYCYRRHIZAE)(51th), the 當歸(RADIX ANGELICAE GlGANTIS)(47th), the 黃芩(RADlXSCUTELLARIAE)(40th), the 夏枯草(SPICA PRUNELLAE)(23th) in regular sequence.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1972년도 춘계종합 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.17.1-17
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• 1972

편도적출은 우리 이비인후과 임상에서 평소에 다반사로 행해지는 수술의 하나이라 하겠다. 수술술기의 개량, 마취의 발달과 더불어 각종 항생제의 발견등은 편도 적출술에 따르는 여러 가지 합병증을 감소시켰지만, 이중 수술중 또는 수술후에 왕왕 당하는 출혈문제는 가장 흔한 합병증의 하나이며 술자에게는 골치거리의 하나이기도 하여 아직껏 국내외에서 그 보고가 끊어지지 않고 있다. 특히 본증례에서와 같이 본태성 질환으로 인한 출혈의 해결에 있어서는 더욱 복잡곤란한 문제가 많을 것으로 생각된다. 혈우병은 1950년대에 이르러 각 Factor가 발견되어 현재는 혈우병 A.B.C.로 나뉘고 있다. 본증례는 11세의 남아로서 편도 척출술전에는 혈우병의 유무가 인지 못되었던 예로서 수술후 수술창에서 계속되는 출혈로 혈액응고장애를 가진 질환이라고 생각되어 여러 가지 검사결과 P.T.C의 결여로 오는 혈우병 B란 진단을 얻었기에 교훈적이고 귀중한 체험을 얻었다고 생각되어 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 수차의 수혈과 비인강탐폰 등의 방법으로 겨우 지혈되어 수술 20일만에 수술창이 치유되어 퇴원하였다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between oriental obesity pattern, life habitual factors(eating attitude, physical activity) and psychological factors(depression, stress, self-esteem) in korean obese and overweight women. Methods: This study was performed in obese and overweight(BMI ${\geq}$ 23 kg/$m^2$) women in Korea (n=56). Simple anthropometry including weight, BMI, waist circumference, BIA(bioelectrical impedance analysis) were done. To assess psychological factors, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) questionnaire, Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire and stress response inventory (SRI) questionnaire were administered. Regarding diet, Korean eating attitude test(KEAT-26) was done. International physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ) was administered for exercise and physical activity intensity and quantities. All values were verified using correlation analysis. Results: 1. The subjects had stagnation of the liver qi>food accumulation>yang deficiency>blood stasis>spleen vacuity in the order. 2. Stagnation of the liver qi score had significant relationships with self-esteem(r=-0.520, p<0.05) and depression(r=0.688, p<0.01) in stagnation of the liver qi group. There was a relationship between food accumulation score and eating attitude(r=0.784, p<0.01) in food accumulation group. 3. Lean mass had a significant relationship with self-esteem(r=0.434, p<0.05) fat mass had a significant relationship with stress (r=0.633, p<0.01) and in stagnation of the liver qi group. 4. Physical activity had significant relationships with lean mass(r=0.628, p<0.01) and with fat mass(r=-0.478, p<0.05) in group. Conclusions: This study maintained that psychological factors play major roles in obesity with symptoms of stagnation of the liver qi and life habit(dietary factors and physical activity) in food accumulation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.373-390
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• 1998

35 theses conducted in Korea on the topic of senescence or anti-oxidant were classified on the basis of research methods, animals used for the experiments, and research items. Evaluating these research works with respect to the Free Radical Theory, the following conclusions were reached. 1. Of the 17 theses written in the Oriental medicine aspect, three theses used a single herb, nine theses used a complex prescription, four theses concentrated on the usage of the medicinal acupuncture, and one research paper focused on using scientific components. Common objection of these papers were on the verification of the efficacy of herbs. 2. Of the 18 these written in the Western medicine aspect, five theses used a single drug, seven theses conducted a research on the changes due to senescence, and 6 papers were on variety of topics. The main focus of these works were on the mechanism and pathology related to the senescence rather than on the suppression of senescence. 3. Among the theses written in the Oriental medicine perspective, a total of 48 herbs were utilized. 26 of these herbs has a tonification function on the Kidney. Six out of nine complex prescription mentioned above has a function of tonifying the Kidney. 4. With respect to the research subjects used on the experiments, 8 theses have used Senescence-Accelerated mice, 13 theses have used Sprague-Dawley mice, and remaining 7 papers have used human or other animals. 5. These are the categorization of the research items used: the weight (11) and weight changes of the visceral organs (9), the measurement of the content of peroxide-disease (9), the measurement of enzyme vitality (21), the blood and urine test (10), the experiment concerning immune system (3), the influence on the hepatic capability of metabolizing foreign substance (3), the effect on hepatic cell protection (3), the measurement of both the suppression of Free Radical and ability to create Free Radical (2), the measurement of effect of suppresing MDA(malondialdehyde) (4), the effect of eliminating DPPH Radical (2), and experiements about the functions (2). 6. The rate of vitalization of well known anti-oxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Protein-bound SH, Nonprotein-bound SH, Glutathione(GSH), Catalase, and etc. were tested in 17 theses. Considering the conclusions mentioned above, the theses related to the senescence published in Korea elected different animals used for experiments, research items and the methods of research, the end result seems to be a lack of objectivity. Thus, I would argue that research methods to overcome such a deficiency need to be developed systematically.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2000

This study was conducted for 39 patients who are recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation at BMT ward of St. Mary's hospital affiliated to Catholic University of Korea from April to September 1999. The subjects were devided into two groups; those who received both TEl and chemo therapy as conditioning regimen (TEl group). and those who used chemo agents as singular conditioning regimen (chemo group). The oral intake status of the two groups were compared through physical assessment and blood chemistry exam of the subjects, and factors influencing their nutritional change and oral intake were explored in each stage of the transplantation (six stages: admission, conditional stage, date of transplantation, one week after transplantation, two weeks after transplantation, and three weeks after transplantation). The prior aim of the study was to provide baseline data to minimize delayed treatment from nutritional deficiency of the subjects. The results were as follows: 1. TBI group was significantly decreased of oral calorie intake in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission and conditioning stage while that of chemo group was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation. 2. TBI group was significantly decreased of protein intake in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission and conditioning stage. In chemo group, protein intake was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation compared to admission. It was remarkable that TBI group showed lesser protein intake than chemo group. 3. Both group were significantly decreased of BMI in one week and three weeks after transplantation compared to admission. TBI group showed significantly higher BMI than chemo group. 4. Both group were significantly decreased of Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST)on the date of transplantation compared to admission stage. 5. TBI group was significantly decreased of mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) in two weeks after transplantation compared to admission, conditioning, date of transplantation. 6. TBI group was significantly decreased of albumin level in two weeks after transplantation compared admission stage. In chemo group, it was significantly decreased on the date of transplantation compared to admission, three weeks after the transplantation. 7. TBI group was significantly decreased of transferrin level in two weeks after transplantation compared admission, conditioning, date of transplantation and one week after transplantation. In chemo group, it was decreased of transferrin level in 3 weeks after transplantation. 8. Oral intake of TEl group was impacted by vomiting before transplantation and gingivitis after transplantation. In chemo group, it was impacted by vomiting before transplantation and by two factors, gingivitis and nausea, after transplantation. The results showed oral calorie intake was not different between the two groups while protein intake was significantly lower in TBI group than chemo group. Oral intake was significantly impacted by vomiting before transplantation in both groups, but affected by oral gingivitis in TBI group and gingivitis and nausea in chemo group after transplantation. This findings present that standardized strategies to manage nutrition and gingivitis more effectively are desperately needed to enhance oral intake and protein intake of patients who receive TBI as conditioning regimen.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2002

Background and Purpose : Most diagnostic method for lumbago were invasive and complex. So we need to simplify and objectify diagnostic method for lumbago. Some study with EAV which is one of Physiological Signal Measuring Instruments, report significantly result as objective diagnostic method for other clinical symptom. By using EAV, we have obtained some physiological signal data from meridian-acupoints of 31 lumbago cases. Objective and Methods : This study researched into the clinical statistics for 31 case who ware in lumbago, and they ware treated with oriental medical care at the Dong-shin university oriental hospital during 6 month from June 1 2001 to November 10 2001. The data were analyzed and interpreted to compare with traditional differentiation of symptom-complexes, then further evaluated as the Five Evolutive Phases to make them differentiated. The EAV valus of Five Evolutive Phases were identified with the sequence of wood(木), fire(火), earth(土)steel(金), water(水). Results and Conclusion : These values of physiological signal were identical with standard differentiation of symptom-complexes of lumbago which is the main cause of deficiency of Qi and blood of the kidney and bladder. Among Five Evolutive Phases, Earth and wood values were increased, steel, fire and water were decreased significantly. This data imply the possibility of somewhat generalization from measuring instruments.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2017

Insulin signaling is coordinated by insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). Many insulin responses, especially for blood glucose metabolism, are mediated primarily through Irs-1 and Irs-2. Irs-1 knockout mice show growth retardation and insulin signaling defects, which can be compensated by other IRSs in vivo; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we presented an Irs-1 truncated mutated mouse ($Irs-1^{-/-}$) with growth retardation and subcutaneous adipocyte atrophy. $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice exhibited mild insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the insulin tolerance test. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT) expression were elevated in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes in Irs-1 deficiency. In addition, the expression of IRS-2 and its phosphorylated version were clearly elevated in liver and skeletal muscle. With miRNA microarray analysis, we found miR-33 was down-regulated in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice, while its target gene Irs-2 was up-regulated in vitro studies. In addition, miR-33 was down-regulated in the presence of Irs-1 and which was up-regulated in fasting status. What's more, miR-33 restored its expression in re-feeding status. Meanwhile, miR-33 levels decreased and Irs-2 levels increased in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes of $Irs-1^{-/-}$ mice. In primary cultured liver cells transfected with an miR-33 inhibitor, the expression of IRS-2, PI3K, and phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) increased while the opposite results were observed in the presence of an miR-33 mimic. Therefore, decreased miR-33 levels can up-regulate IRS-2 expression, which appears to compensate for the defects of the insulin signaling pathway in Irs-1 deficient mice.