• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2007

The pulse diagnosis studies reported to date has mainly been performed to clinically reveal the pulse wave characteristics according to the specific diseases, whereas no attempts have been made to study the effects on the pulse wave characteristics of the daily activities such as taking meals, exercise, and sleep, etc. This work reports the effect of feeding stimulus on the healthy subjects on the pulse wave pattern which has quantitatively been analyzed using the objective model for the pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. The pulse waves right before/after the meal and 30 minutes after the meal were measured using the pulse analyzing equipment (3D-Mac, Daeyo Medi, Korea) and at the same time oriental medicine doctors' diagnoses were given. The pulse parameters obtained from the equipment and clinical records on the subjects were statistically processed and the variables showing statistically significant differences were analyzed. The results indicate that the pulse pressure, the pulse rate, and the respiratory rate increase while the blood pressure decreases after the meal. For the floating/sinking and the deficient/excess coefficients characterizing the pulse states described in the oriental medicine, the floating/sinking coefficients were observed to decrease whereas the deficiency/excess coefficients increase after the meal. The results indicates that besides the standard bio-indicators like blood pressure and respiratory rate, etc., the pulse wave characterization in terms of the pulse classifications in the oriental medicine using the floating/sinking, deficient/excess pulse states provide an important piece of biomedical information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-106
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• 2008

The ECG which used for this paper, is analysis result from alogrisms of arrythmia, and we have studied that how we could certain Cold(寒 )type or Heat(熱) type and that Deficiency(虛) type or Excess(實)type of organs from various special diseases, and we obtained like these results. 1. we depend on our examination about Pulse(脈) because we can't discriminate arrythmia using EKG analysis instruments. 2. We obtained that Cold(寒) type diseases had wave that prolonged above normal baseline and ST wave which had downward aptitude. 3. We obtained that Heat(熱) type diseases had the fibrillation which had shortend wave that compare to normal and had downward aptitude or negative aptitude. 4. We obtained that Respiratory system (肺) diseases had wave that is within normal or is short of normal range and had much fluctuation in potential difference or trans on P wave. 5. The character of EKG which presented about diseases of gastric systems is prolonged above narmal range of wave, and the EKG had represented mixed wave with Heat(熱) type when accompany inflammatory in gastric system. 6. The wave of Blood Stasis(瘀血) type had upward aptitude of QRS wave, and the wave of anemia or blood loss type(少血 ) had downward aptitude of QRS wave, the wave which had both Cold(寒) and Heat (熱) represented mixed waves. 7. The Knotted Pulse(結脈) and Intermittent Pulse(代脈) is corresponded with sinus brady cardia, and the Swift Pulsle(疾脈) is corresponded with fibrillation. 8. We pay attention to the relations of formations about pressures pulse from formations of EMD( electromechanical dissociation ). From these results, we will have to study about EKG which using in tests of change of Parkinsons disease.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aims to search the clinical cases that treated leiomyoma through the traditional Chinese medicine, to understand the study trend on leiomyoma in China, and to clairfy the cause of leiomyoma and its treatment by the oriental medicine herbs. Methods: We searched the key word "leiomyoma" in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)[http://www.cnki.net], and narrowed its searching area to the papers published in the year 2010. Of 720 study papers, we chose 21 clinical papers on the leiomyoma, and studied the patient case, treating method, result of treatment, and checked the category, cause, treatment method of leiomyoma. Results: The results are shown in the Table 1-3. Conclusions: Leiomyoma is categorized in the traditional Chinese medicine as both lump occuring inside the body and stony abdominal lump. The main cause of leiomyoma is qi-stagnation and blood stasis, essence deficiency and pathogen affluence. The treatment method is used by activating blood and resolving stasis but harmonizing the spleen and stomach to prevent damaging healthy qi. The development herbal medicine of treating leiomyoma is Gyehongbyeolgaphwan, Gyejibongnyeonggyonang, Gungryusogyonang, Angonpyoen etc. In treating leiomyoma, the herbs were much used to regulate qi as Baekbokryung, Danggwi, Baekchul, Doin, Moryeo, Achul, Mokdanpi etc. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) treatment of leiomyoma has efficiency of improve symptom but low ratio of complete recovery.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 1971

The pathogenetic mechanisms of anemia in patients with chronic liver disease were observed. Seventeen patients with moderate to advanced hepatic diseass were studied by various methods. Only patients without previous blood loss were included: 14 had cirrhosis, 2 had active chronic hepatitis, and one had inferior vena cava obstruction with associated liver cirrhosis. The followings were the results: 1. The anemia based on red blood cell count, Hb., and Ht. was found in 76.5-78.6% of the patients. 2. Red cell indices indicated that normo-macrocytic and normochromic anemia was present is the majority of the patients. 3. No evidence of megaloblastic anemia was found on the basis of the morphological examinations. 4. Serum iron, TIBC, % saturation and iron content in the bone marrow indicated that iron deficiency anemia was present in about half of the patients. 5. In the view of the erythrocyte dynamics, primary increase in the red cell destruction was ascribed to the cause of the anemia. 6. Decrease in the red cell survival time was not correlated with MCV, % saturation and S.L. ratio. Also, hemoglobin level was not correlated with MCV, % saturation and $T_{50}Cr$. Therefore, multiple causes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the anemia. 7. Anemia as determined by the red cell volume was found in only 60% of the patients. It may be possible that hemodilutional anemia is present.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.320-329
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• 2016

Objective We researched to analyze correlation between menstrual pain and Korean medical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification - through clinical research of the patients of menstrual pain. Method Trial gruop who consists of women with menstrual pain is 193 people, and control group who consists of women without menstrual pain is 101 people. We producted analyzing of their Sasang Constitution and symptom with Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM). This study used chi-square test, two sample t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis. Results 1) In trial and control group, Soeumin was the largest and Soyangin was the least. There was'nt statistical significance between trial and control group. 2) In DSOM, deficiency of blood, stagnation of qi, blood stasis, coolness, spleen, kidney and phlegm pathogenic factors showed significant difference. Conclusion There were significant corelation between menstrual pain and Korean mdical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1028-1036
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• 2018

Study Design: Single-center, observational, case-control study. Purpose: Comparison and analysis of the metabolic and coagulative profiles in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, patients with congenital scoliosis, and healthy controls. Overview of Literature: Serum melatonin deficiency has been a controversial topic in the etiopathogenesis of scoliosis. Low bone mineral density, low vitamin D3 levels, and high parathyroid hormone levels are common metabolic abnormalities associated with scoliosis that may be responsible for its pathogenesis. In addition to metabolic defects, several studies have shown coagulation defects that either persist from the preoperative period or occur during surgery and usually lead to more than the expected amount of blood loss in patients undergoing deformity correction for scoliosis. Methods: The study population (n=73) was classified into those having congenital scoliosis (n=31), those with idiopathic scoliosis (n=30), and healthy controls (n=12). After detailed clinicoradiological evaluation of all the subjects, 10-mL blood samples were collected, measured, and analyzed for various metabolic and coagulation parameters. Results: The mean serum melatonin levels in patients with idiopathic scoliosis were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls. Although the mean serum melatonin level in the congenital group was also low, the difference was not statistically significant. Serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels were higher in the scoliosis groups, whereas the vitamin D level was lower. No differences were observed in the coagulation profiles of the different groups. Conclusions: Low serum melatonin levels associated with scoliosis can be a cause or an effect of scoliosis. Moreover, low bone mineral density, high bone turn over, and negative calcium balance appear to play an important role in the progression, if not the onset, of the deformity.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper examines major symptoms representation in COVID-19 patients as groundwork for development of an effective clinical data collection format in Korean Medicine. Methods : Major symptoms representation in COVID-19 related papers published worldwide were collected. Corresponding symptoms in Korean Medicine were then examined, followed by discussion of symptomatic features that require further consideration in regards to a more systematic clinical data collection. Results : Of 256 papers, most papers listed fever and cough while symptoms such as difficulty breathing, diarrhea, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, chest pain, phlegm, nasal discharge were also mostly listed. Clinical representations could be categorized into general symptoms, throat symptoms, chest symptoms, head and facial symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, musculo-skeletal and cutaneous symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and sensory problems. Conclusions : Although each clinical representation could be likened to certain clinical representations of Korean Medicine, the variety of symptoms were too limiting and lacking in detail to be applied in the pattern identification[辨證] of Korean Medicine. For effective clinical data collection and analysis in the future, symptom change according to time, comparison between location, climate and ethnicity, existence of interior symptoms when diagnosing exterior symptoms, deficiency-excessiveness of blood patterns, consciousness levels, etc., need to be considered in establishing criteria for symptom evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.sup1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is produced in the skin during sun exposure and is also ingested from foods. The role of vitamin D needs to be considered in the prevention and management of various diseases. Moreover, since the majority of Koreans spend their days indoors, becoming susceptible to the risk of vitamin D deficiency. The current study aims to prepare a basis for determining dietary reference intake of vitamin D in Korea, by reviewing the evidence against various diseases and risks. MATERIALS/METHODS: Literature published in Korea and other countries between 2014 and 2018 was prioritized based on their study design and other criteria, and evaluated using the RoB 2.0 assessment form and United States Department of Agriculture Nutrition Evidence Library Conclusion Statement Evaluation Criteria. RESULTS: Of the 1,709 studies, 128 studies were included in the final systematic analysis after screening. To set the dietary reference intakes of vitamin D based on the selected articles, blood 25(OH)D levels and indicators of bone health were used collectively. Blood vitamin D levels and ultraviolet (UV) exposure time derived from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to establish the dietary reference intakes of vitamin D for each stage of the life cycle. The adequate intake levels of vitamin D, according to age and gender, were determined to be in the range of 5-15 ㎍/day, and the tolerable upper intake level was established at 25-100 ㎍/day. CONCLUSIONS: The most important variable for vitamin D nutrition is lifestyle. A balanced diet comprising foods with high contents of vitamin D is important, as is vitamin D synthesis after UV exposure. The adequate intake level of vitamin D mentioned in the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI) remained unchanged in the 2020 KDRI for the management of vitamin D nutrition in Koreans.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

Background : Ginseng has traditionally been used in oriental countries to recover vital energy from Qi deficiency, and has shown various biomedical effects in the scientific literature. Recent reports suggest that ginseng could regulate blood pressure (BP), but much controversy still remains. Therefore, we intended to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of several ginseng types frequently used in clinics. We also investigated the anti-hypertensive effect on Koreans and Chinese, and by the body type according to Sasang Constitution Medicine (SCM). Methods : The study subjects were recruited from mildly hypertensive patients who exhibited pre-hypertension(120/80 to 139/89 mmHg) and stage I hypertension (140/90 to 159/99 mmHg) in Korea and China. After assigning the subjects into a Korean, a Chinese, a red, and an American ginseng group by randomization, we prescribed ginseng at a dose of 4.5 g per day for 4 weeks. To assess the anti-hypertensive effect, we compared the mean of systolic and diastolic BP between before and after ginseng medication using a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (24 hr ABPM. We also monitored adverse effect and laboratory findings to secure the subjects' safety. In addition, all of the subjects in Korea consulted a specialist of Sasang Constitution Medicine to identify their constitutional type. Results : There were 64 subjects treated with Korean ginseng, 58 treated with Chinese ginseng, 33 treated with red ginseng, and 64 treated with American ginseng. Korean, Chinese, and American ginseng all reduced subjects' BP; Korean and Chinese ginseng showed more effect. The secondary analysis on the subjects' nationality revealed that all of the ginseng types showed more significant anti-hypertensive effect in Chinese patients than in Koreans. The third analysis on the constitutional type of SCM showed there was no significant difference in the effectiveness and the safety of ginseng among the constitutional types. Conclusions : We suggest ginseng, especially Panax ginseng without any steaming-drying process, could be useful for mild hypertension. Further, ginseng is safe regardless of subjects' constitutional type or type of ginseng within a dosage of 4.5g per day.