• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 1975

The purpose of this survey was to study the nutritional status for over 40 years old, related to the dietary pattern of fishing area. The nutrition survey was conducted in a fishing area located in Chilpo-dong, Euchang-myon, Youngil-gun, Kyungbuk province. The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the foods intake for 40 households during a 7 days period. Physical examination, detailed biochemical test on both blood and urine and stool tests were performed by physians on 45 persons over 40 years old man. The result obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Average nutrients intake of an adult per day: calorie intake was 2,883 Cal and its components-Protein (76.3 g) was 10.6%, fat (13.7 g) was 4.2% and carbohydrate (521 g) contributed 85.2% of the total calories. Other nutrients were higher than any other survey data. (2) To evaluate the nutritional deficiencies, clinical examinations were conducted. Hepatomegaly was present 25.3% of these examiners. (3) By stool test most of the examiners were infested in ascareis and infestation rate of stool was 87.5%. (4) The following chemical components of blood serum were analyzed and found to be within the normal range: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and electrolytes. (5) Content of electrolytes, glucose, pH, specific gravity in urine were normal range.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.799-804
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• 2009

Kamikaekyuk-tang(KMKKT), a formula of ten Oriental herbs, was orientally designed to promote vital energy, to remove blood stasis, and to decrease inflammation for treating cancers. KMKKT and its component had potent antiandrogen and androgen receptor activities in prostate cancer and also inhibited angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and suppressed the tumor growth in LLC-bearing mice, and liver metastasis of colon 26-L5 cancer cells, suggesting a potent cancer preventive agent. Nevertheless, there is no safety study of KMKKT before clinical trial so far. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the toxicity about ethanol-extracted KMKKT. Male and female Spraque Dawley (SD) rats were given orally by KMKKT at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs and measured change of body weight, food consumption and water consumption were observed. In addition, we performed ophthalmologic, urinary, hematological, blood serum biochemical and histopathological examination. Any general toxicity was not found in KMKKT treated group. Also, there were no significant differences in the parameters such as body weight, food consumption and water consumption, a lot of urine and blood factor levels except WBC, MCHC and Ca level compared with control group. Although WBC and MCHC were elevated in female rats and Ca level was decreased in male rats, these were within normal ranges. Finally, we determined that maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 1000 mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 500 mg/kg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that KMKKT is very safe to SD rats.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.487-502
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• 2011

1. Objective This study was performed to research the biological change of forest healing according to Sasang constitution. 2. Methods Forty seven applicants are involved in this study. They were classified into three groups(Soyangin, Taeeumin, Soeumin) by QSCC II. And then they participated in forest healing program from March 26 to March 27 in 2011. We performed before and after experiment, including vital sign, electroencephalography(EEG), heart rate variability(HRV), complete blood cell count(CBC), biochemical test(BC), and stress hormones. 3. Results Men had the relaxative effect of tension. While, the group of women and Soyangin was more sensitive to sudden environmental change than the group of men or other constitutions. The tension of women and soyangin's group increased after the forest healing program. Soeumin group showed reduced diastolic blood pressure after the forest healing program. 3. Conclusions Forest healing program has shown better efficacy in relaxation in men than women, in lowering diastolic blood pressure in Soeumin group than other constitutional groups. However a single positive result within this study should be carefully interpreted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.420-423
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• 2005

A 2-year-old 16-kg, intact female lindo was presented with weight loss and poor hair coat. Abnormal serum biochemical values included mild hypokalemia (3.9 mmol/L, reference range 4.37 to 5.35 mmol/L) and mild hyperglycemia (124 mg/dl, reference range 65 to 118 mg/dl). in the complete blood count and diagnostic imaging examination, abnormal changes wer not seen. The analysis of urine sample obtained from cystocentesis revealed glucosuria (> 100 mg/dl) and mild proteinuria. Repeated analysis after admission showed persistent glucosuria and hypokalemia. But blood glucose values did not exceed the renal threshold fur glucose reabsorption. To differentiate cause of the glucosuria, the glucose tolerance test and the low-dosage dexamethasone suppression test were indicated. Results of both tests were normal. In addition, the serum total thyroxine $(T_4)$ value was within normal range. The arterial blood gas analysis showed no remarkable changes. The fractional reabsorption rates of amino acids and phosphorus were calculated above $97\%$. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed as renal glucosuria due to proximal renal tubular dysfunction. But this persistent renal glucosuria with hypokalemia may be the initial sign of Fanconi's syndrome or proximal renal tubular acidosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.879-885
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• 2013

Fifty-four, mixed-sex, halothane-carrier crossbred (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) pigs with an average initial BW of $108.2{\pm}0.8$ kg were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments for 5 d before slaughter: i) a control corn-soybean meal finisher diet devoid of supplemental magnesium; ii) a diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg of elemental Mg from magnesium acetate; and iii) a diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg of elemental Mg from magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate and glucose were analyzed at slaughter. Muscles from longissimus (LM) were packaged and stored to simulate display storage for muscle lactate and glycogen determinations at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 d. Mg supplementation reduced (p<0.05) serum CK and lactate concentration, but had no effect (p>0.05) on serum glucose. Daily change of muscle lactate concentration linearly increased (p<0.01), while glucose concentration linearly decreased (p<0.05) as storage time increased in all treatments. However, dietary Mg acetate and Mg sulfate supplementation in pigs elevated (p<0.05) muscle glycogen and reduced (p<0.05) muscle lactate concentrations, especially during the first 2 d of display, compared with pigs fed the control diet. This study suggests that short-term feeding of magnesium acetate and magnesium sulfate to heterozygous carriers of the halothane gene has beneficial effects on stress response and pork quality by improving blood and muscle biochemical indexes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as an effective aid for diabetic mellitus. For example, exercise training increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. But we found no reported of how exercise affect type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of aerobic and graduated treadmill exercise regimens on body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) was determined as an indicator of glucose control during exercise. Methods: In our study, a total of 40 rats were used. Three groups of 10 rats each were given STZ to induce diabetes. The remaining 10 rats became the normal group. After 28 days we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$), insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were also measured. Results: Concentrations of blood glucose and $HbA_{1c}$ in the moderated exercise groups were significantly decreased after 28 days compared with the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the experimental groups. The activity of SOD increased significantly by 17.70% and 48.25% respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that physical training and exercise training affects body weight, fasting blood glucose, $HbA_{1c}$, insulin, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We suggest that graduated treadmill exercise may have therapeutic, preventative, and protective effects against diabetes mellitusby improving glycemic control, oxidant defenses, and lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2019

A light-emitting diode (LED) is most efficient in terms of economic benefits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LED lighting intensity on milk production, milk composition, and the immune response of Holstein cows. Thirty-eight lactating cows were assigned to four experimental groups: control group (exposed natural daylight without LED light) and three LED treatment group (50 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 50 lux intensity, 100 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 100 lux intensity, 200 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 200 lux intensity). There was a significant effect on the decrease ratio in milk production in 200 lux group. Lactose was significantly increased in 100 lux than the other LED treated groups. In addition to the hemolytic biochemical analysis, AST and β-HB were significantly increased in the 50 lux than the other groups. Prolactin and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in 200 lux compared to other groups. Besides, cortisol was significantly higher in 50 lux and lowered in the 200 lux than the control, while IgA and IgG were not significant among the groups. Therefore, it was concluded that LED lighting intensity had some impact on blood parameters and immune responses in dairy cows with increased milk production.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2005

Omeprazole (OMP) is a proton pump inhibitor used as an oral treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. In the liver, it is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isoenzymes such as CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. 5-Hyroxyomeprazole (5-OHOMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-SFN) are the two major metabolites of OMP in human. Cimetidine (CMT) inhibits the breakdown of drugs metabolized by CYP450 and reduces, the clearance of coad-ministered drug resulted from both the CMT binding to CYP450 and the decreased hepatic blood flow due to CMT. Phenobarbital (PB) induces drug metabolism in laboratory animals and human. PB induction mainly involves mammalian CYP forms in gene families 2B and 3A. PB has been widely used as a prototype inducer for biochemical investigations of drug metabolism and the enzymes catalyzing this metabolism, as well as for genetic, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations. In order to investigate the influence of CMT and PB on the metabolite kinetics of OMP, we intravenously administered OMP (30 mg/kg) to rats intraperitoneally pretreated with normal saline (5 mL/kg), CMT (100 mg/kg) or PB (75 mg/kg) once a day for four days, and compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP. The systemic clearance ($CL_{t}$) of OMP was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in CMT-pretreated rats and significantly (p<0.05) increased in PB-pretreated rats. These results indicate that CMT inhibits the OMP metabolism due to both decreased hepatic blood flow and inhibited enzyme activity of CYP2C19 and 3A4 and that PB increases the OMP metabolism due to stimulation of the liver blood flow and/or bile flow, due not to induction of the enzyme activity of CYP3A4.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Objectives In this study, we analyzed the effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on exercise practice ability and blood fatigue variable factor in the forced swimming test. Methods Male mice were divided into four group. Mice were administrated with saline, Discorae Rhizoma extracted by water (DRW), Discorae Rhizoma extracted by 30% ethanol (DRE), red ginseng (RG), orally once per day, for 1 week. Exercise performance was evaluated by exhaustive swimming time and weights. Glycogen contents of liver and soleus muscle were measured at the end of the experiment. In addition, the biochemical parameters such as asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) were analyzed. Results Both DRW and DRE showed an improvement of swimming endurance compared with control group. Levels of ALT, ammonia, TG, TC and FFA were significantly decreased in both DRW and DRE compared with control group. Levels of AST, Creatine were significantly reduced in DRE group compared with control group. Moreover LDH showed only a tendency to increase in the DRW and DRE groups. Conclusions In summary, the present study showed that Dioscoreae Rhizoma improved in physical fatigue and exercise practice ability and DRE improved the superior than those of DRW.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to clarify effects of long term, low-level monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure (MAHs) such as styrene, toluene and xylene on physiological levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) and these hormones influences diagnosis indices of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Blood pressure and serum biochemical parameters were measured using digital sphygmomanometer and autochemical analyzer. EP and NEP were analyzed by using ELISA kit and exposure level of MAHs was measured by NIOSH method. Results: The differences of general characteristics such as age, smoking and drinking habits in both groups were not significantly different except working hours per day. In exposed workers, exposure levels of MAHs showed very low concentrations. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in exposed group, but concentration of NEP was significantly higher in control group. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the diagnosis indices of MetS, EP was WC (OR=0.970), NEP was blood pressure (OR=1.002) and MAHs exposure were significantly associated with HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.257), fasting glucose (OR=3.028) and MetS (OR=0.372). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the chronic exposure of low level MAHs maycontribute to glucose metabolism and induction of MetS. And also, changes of EP and NEP levels by exposure of MAHs affect blood pressure.