• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1998

Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli have long been used to cure human diseases. However, it still remains to be unkown on its action mechanism, physiolosical and biochemical aspects. Thus, many attempts were made to show the scientific background covering the above mentioned mechanisms. Most recent studies show that these tests improve blood circulatory system and increase leucocyte counts. In this study, we have applied the acupuncture stimuli to mouse Sinsu(BL-23), which is a stimulative point of oriental medicine, to see if cytokine such as IL-6 can be detected. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for inflammation induction, and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using each primer set was performed to trace the amounts of mRNA. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. IL-6 was not temporarily expressed in normal mice 15 min after the acupuncture was pulled out. But, it started to show a feeble expression at 30 min after the removal of acupuncture and it started to reduce at 1h. after the acupuncture was pulled out 2. IL-6 was specifically expressed in LPS-treated mouse 30 min after the acupuncture was pulled out. The transcriptional expressions of LPS-treated mice were more effective than those of normal mice at 30 min after the removal of acupuncture 3. IL-6 was not temporarily expressed in normal mice 15 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture. But it expressed most highly at 30 min, and the transcriptional expressions of IL-6 was continued to 3 h. 4. IL-6 was not expressed in all the time after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture in LPS-treated mice. Therefore, a follow-up of cytokine IL-6 can be used not only a basis of the effect of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture but a diagnosis giude through the immunological action of thats. And, it is suggested that cytokine's expression by Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimulation should be continuously elucidated.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

Background: Apoptosis plays a role in the development of pleural effusion. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker for epithelial cell apoptosis, was evaluated in pleural effusion. Methods: A total of 79 patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. The underlying causes were lung cancer (n=24), parapneumonic effusion (n=15), tuberculous effusion (n=28), and transudates (n=12). The levels of M30, an epitope of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, were measured in blood and pleural fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with routine cellular and biochemical parameters. The expression of M30 was evaluated in the pleural tissues using immunohistochemistry for M30. Results: The M30 levels in pleural fluid were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis ($2,632.1{\pm}1,467.3U/mL$) than in patients with lung cancer ($956.5{\pm}618.5U/mL$), parapneumonic effusion ($689.9{\pm}413.6U/mL$), and transudates ($273.6{\pm}144.5U/mL$; all p<0.01). The serum levels were not significantly different among the disease groups. Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the area under the curve of M30 for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from all other effusions was 0.93. In the immunohistochemical analysis of M30, all pathologic types of cancer cells showed moderate to high expression, and the epithelioid cells in granulomas showed high expression in tuberculous pleural tissues. Conclusion: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 was most prominently observed in tuberculous pleural effusion and showed utility as a clinical marker. The main source of M30 was found to be the epithelioid cells of granulomas in tuberculous pleural tissues.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2000

Inhaled halogen compound was examined through micronucleus tests and toxicity tests using SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats with repeated dosages for six hours a day, five days a week, during four weeks. In four-week repeated exposure, no specific sign caused by the $CF_3I$ compound was observed on the clinical symptoms, body weight variation, feed consumption, and urinalysis data in the testing groups with reference to the control group. In hematological and biochemical blood tests of the testing groups, the significant, but in their normal ranges, value dependencies of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and etc., on the halogen carbohydride concentration was observed. In histo-pathological tests, no specific lesion or concentration dependent change due to the $CF_3I$ compound dosage was observed in both sexes of the female and male in the tested animals. But, micronucleus tests on marrow cells extracted from the tested animals which were repeatedly exposed in the $CF_3I$ compound during four weeks, the frequencies of micronuclei were significantly increased dose-dependently compared to the control groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1707-1711
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• 2009

13주 동안 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 비만쥐에게 10% 구기엽 에탄올 추출물을 1 mL/day로 8주간 경구투여한 후비만도, 혈중 지질, homocysteine, leptin, ghrelin, glucose 농도를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 체중증가와 식이효율은 구기엽 추출물의 유의한 영향이 없었다. 그러나 비만도의 경우 일반식이 비만군의 Rohrer index와 Lee index는 FO 군과 유의한 차이가 없었고 T.M. index는 FO 군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 FLEO 군은 모든 비만지수가 FO 군보다 유의하게 낮아 구기엽 추출물이 비만도를 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 BO 군의 혈중 중성지질은 FO 군보다 유의하게 낮은 반면, 구기엽 에탄올 추출물은 혈청 지질, homocysteine, leptin, ghrelin, glucose 농도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 비만쥐에서 구기엽 에탄올 추출물의 섭취는 혈중 지질이 나 비만관련 생화학적 지표에는 영향을 미치지 않지만 비만도를 낮춰 비만치료 효과의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

선천성 고혈압 흰쥐를 이용하여 puromycin Aminonucleoside (PAN)로 유도된 미세 변화신증에 대한 $\alpha$-tocopherol acetate의 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 정상군, PAN 투여군 (30 mg/kg), 비타민 E 투여군 (200 mg/kg) 그리고 PAN+비타민 E 투여 군으로 나누었다. 각 군은 약물 투여 후 2, 4, 8, 16일째 처치하여 혈청 생화학적 변화, 조직학적 변화, 그리고 미세구조적 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험동물의 체중은 PAN 투여군이 가장 낮은 증가율을 보였고, 비타민 E 투여군이 가장 높은 증가율을 보였다. 혈청 총단백질의 함량은 PAN투여 8일군에서 가장 낮았고, 혈중 요소성 질소와 크레아티닌의 함량은 P투여 8일군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. PAN+비타민 E 투여군에서는 PAN 투여군과 비교하여 혈청 총단백질의 함량이 증가되었고, 혈중 요소성 질소와 크레아티닌의 함량은 감소되었다. 조직학적 관찰 결과, 요세관 공간의 소실과 혈관사이세포의 증식이 PAN 투여 4일군에서 나타나기 시작하여, PAN투여 8일군에서 가장 현저하였으나 비타민 E 투여로 이러한 변화 정도는 감소되었다. PAS 염색 관찰 결과, 염색 정도가 PAN투여 8일군에서 가장 강하게 나타났고, 비타민 E 투여로 염색 정도는 감소되어 나타났다. 미세구조의 변화는 PAN투여 8일군에서 족돌기의 융합과 소실, 모세 혈관 내피세포의 공포화, 그리고 혈관사이세포와 사구체 기저막의 증식이 관찰되었고, 비타민 E투여로 감소되었다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 PAN으로 유도된 사구체 손상은 고혈압에 의해 가중될 수도 있으며, 사구체의 기능이상은 산화적 손상에 의한 것임을 간접적으로 시사하고 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2014

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degrades heme to carbon dioxide, biliverdin, and $Fe^{2+}$, which play important roles in various biochemical processes. In this study, we examined the protective function of HO-1 against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Western blot and fluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated that PEP-1-HO-1, fused with a PEP-1 peptide can cross the cellular membranes of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the transduced PEP-1-HO-1 inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion ($MPP^+$). In contrast, HO-1, which has no ability to transduce into SH-SY5Y cells, failed to reduce $MPP^+$-induced cellular toxicity and ROS production. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injected PEP-1-HO-1 crossed the blood-brain barrier in mouse brains. In a PD mouse model, PEP-1-HO-1 significantly protected against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced toxicity and dopaminergic neuronal death. Therefore, PEP-1-HO-1 could be a useful agent in treating oxidative stress induced ailments including PD.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.249-264
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• 1998

감각신경성 난청은 성인에서 장애의 원인 중 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 특히 소음성 난청은 흔한 직업병 중의 하나이며 산업보건사업의 주요 관심 중의 하나이다. 그러나 소음폭로와 노화를 제외하고는 대부분의 경우 그 원인이 규명되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 난청에 대한 개인간의 감수성을 결정하는데 중요한 요인을 찾는 것은 중요하며 최근 청력손실의 측정치로서 소음 외 변수와의 상관성을 연구함으로써 청력손실에 대한 개인의 감수성의 차이를 밝히려는 많은 시도가 있었다. 특히 소음성 난청에 대한 많은 연구가 있어 왔지만 소음성 난청에 대한 감수성의 개인차에 대해서는 만족하게 설명하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 소음 비폭로자를 대상으로 소음폭로 이외 감각신경성 난청을 유발하는 잠재적 위험 인자들을 찾아내어 그 위험인자들의 역할을 평가하기 위해 주로 심혈관 위험인자와 지혈 및 혈액점도 요인이 청력손실에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 대구시내 모 대학병원에서 91년에서 96년까지 종합검진을 받은 3050명을 대상으로 하여 청력검사와 혈액검사 및 생화학 검사 결과를 검진자료에 추출하여 위험인자들과 청력손실간의 관련성을 연구하였다. 그 결과 소음을 제외하고 감각신경성 청력손실에 미치는 영향으로 연령과 성별이 가장 크며, 성별 분포의 차이는 연구 변수에는 포함되지 않는 흡연력, 취미, 과거 소음폭로 등이 영향을 미친 것으로 보이며 본 연구에서는 확인할 수 없었다. 그리고 심혈관 위험인자인 체격지수, 혈압, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방이 양의 영향을 알부민은 음의 영향을 어느 정도 미치는 것으로 보인다. 혈중점도 및 지혈인자와 관련하여 헤마토크릿, 백혈구, 혈소판 용적백분율, 적혈구침강속도가 어느 정도 양의 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 심혈관 위험인자와 혈액점도 및 지혈인자는 상호 관련성이 있으며, 이들과 소음노출 등이 서로 상호 작용하여 청력에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1732-1737
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding transgenic cottonseed (Bt.) vis-a-vis non-transgenic (non-Bt.) cottonseed on blood biochemical constituents in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes in mid-lactation were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. Animals of group I were fed with 39.5% non-transgenic cottonseed in concentrate mixture while the same percentage of transgenic (Bt.) cottonseed was included in the concentrate mixture fed to the animals of group II. Animals of both groups were fed with concentrate mixture to support their milk production requirements. Each buffalo was also offered 20 kg mixed green fodder (oats and berseem) and wheat straw ad libitum. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 35 days. There was no significant difference in the dry matter intake between the two groups of buffaloes. All the buffaloes gained body weight, however, the differences were non significant. Total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and packed cell volume were $9.27{\pm}0.70${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, $13.01{\pm}0.60gdl$ and $34.87{\pm}1.47%$, respectively in group I with the corresponding figures of $8.88{\pm}0.33$, $12.99{\pm}0.52$ and $31.08{\pm}1.52$ in group II. The values of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume did not differ significantly between the two groups of buffaloes. The concentration of plasma glucose, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein were non significantly higher in buffaloes fed non-transgenic cottonseed than in buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. The cholesterol concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher in buffaloes of group I ($136.84{\pm}8.40mg/dl$) than in buffaloes of group II ($105.20{\pm}1.85mg/dl$). The serum alkaline phosphotase, glutamic-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic-pyruate transaminase activities did not differ significantly between two groups of buffaloes. However, serum glutamic-pyruate transaminase activity was considerably high in buffaloes fed nontransgenic cottonseed as compared to buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. Bt. proteins in serum samples of animals of group II were not detected after 35 days of feeding trial. It was concluded that transgenic cottonseed and non-transgenic cottonseed have similar nutritional value without any adverse effects on health status of buffaloes as assessed from haematobiochemical constituents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.