• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.312-312
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• 2006

Block copolymers with well-defined nanoscopic structures have recently gained much attention for their potential uses as functional nanostructures. Here, we show that nanoporous templates made from polystyrene-block-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) satisfy a novel design concept. At first, arrays of nanoscopic cylindrical microdomains oriented normal to the surface can easily be prepared. Then, we fabricated ultra high density arrays of conducting polymer as poly(pyrrole) (Ppy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires with diameters of $25{\sim}40\;nm$ on the ITO glass by electropolymerization of the monomers inside nanoholes. These high density arrays of conducting polymer nanowires could be used as P-type materials for photovoltaic devices.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.7A
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• pp.705-710
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a method to find motion vectors in frequency domain for video data compression. The proposed algorithm is based on the Format Number Transform (FNT), and it declares the most correlated-block as the best matching block, as opposed to declaring the block with least sum of differences between blocks. We show that the proposed method is equivalent to declaring the block with the minimum L2-norm as the best matching block. Unlike other previous fast algorithms, the time requirement for the proposed algorithm does not defend on the image type for finding the optimum solution.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

Chronic perineal pain is an often encountered problem, which produces a great degree of functional impairment and frustration to the patient and a challenge to the treating physician. The reason for this problem is that the region contains diverse anatomic structures with mixed somatic, visceral and autonomic innervations affecting bladder and bowel control and sexual function. A blockade of nociceptive and sympathetic supply to the perineal region, supplied through the ganglion impar has been shown to benefit patients with chronic perineal pain. Several options to this block have been described that chemical neurolysis, radiofrequency ablation etc. Although the analgesic effect of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has long been considered secondary to its action for muscle relaxation, BoNT-A also affects the release of the neurotransmitters that are involved in pain perception. We describe a patient who was successfully given ganglion impar block with BoNT-A.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2011

Obturator nerve block has been commonly used for pain management to prevent involuntary reflex of the adductor thigh muscles. One of several options for this block is chemical neurolysis. Neurolysis is done with chemical agents. Chemical agents used in the neurolysis of the obturator nerve have been alcohol, phenol, and botulinum toxin. In the current case, a patient with spasticity of the adductor thigh muscle due to cervical cord injury had obturator nerve neurolysis done with botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B). Most of the previous studies have used BoNT-A with only a few reports that have used BoNT-B. BoNT-B has several advantages and disadvantages over BoNT-A. Thus, we report herein a patient who successfully received obturator nerve neurolysis using BoNT-B to treat adductor thigh muscle spasm.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2015

Lifting lugs are frequently used in shipyards to transport and turn over the blocks of ships and offshore structures. With the development of shipbuilding technology, blocks have increased in size, and block management technology has assumed a more important role in shipbuilding to enhance the productivity. For the sake of economics, as well as the safe design of a lug structure, a more rational design procedure based on a rigorous structural analysis is needed. This study investigated the strength characteristics of T-type lugs, considering the influence of blocks on which lugs are attached, by varying the in-plane and out-of-plane load direction. In this paper, the ultimate strength is also addressed for cases that include or do not include blocks in the strength analysis. In the present results, when there was a load acting in the normal direction to the block surface, the strength characteristics became poor, and the ultimate strength decreased. This paper ends by describing the need for further study to develop a more rational design for a lug structure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

Classification and analysis are improved factors for the realtime automation system. In the field of agriculture, the cultivation of different paddy crop depends on the atmosphere and the soil nature. We need to analyze the moisture level in the area to predict the type of paddy that can be cultivated. For this process, Ensemble Modulation Pattern system and Block Probability Neural Network based classification models are used to analyze the moisture and temperature of land area. The dataset consists of the collections of moisture and temperature at various data samples for a land. The Ensemble Modulation Pattern based feature analysis method, the extract of the moisture and temperature in various day patterns are analyzed and framed as the pattern for given dataset. Then from that, an improved neural network architecture based on the block probability analysis are used to classify the data pattern to predict the class of paddy crop according to the features of dataset. From that classification result, the measurement of data represents the type of paddy according to the weather condition and other features. This type of classification model assists where to plant the crop and also prevents the damage to crop due to the excess of water or excess of temperature. The result analysis presents the comparison result of proposed work with the other state-of-art methods of data classification.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics between the type of daily routine and spatial configuration of activity areas in classroom and provide alternatives for space planning of activity areas in classroom of child-care centers. This study used the content analysis on daily activity plan and floor plans through field survey. Analysis on floor plans was conducted for 35 classrooms in 9 child-care centers which allowed field survey. The results of this study were as follows; There was no significant difference for classroom size according to the type of daily routine in 3 to 5-year-old classrooms. The average size of classrooms was $61.6m^2$ for care oriented type, $41.4m^2$ for indoor activity oriented type and $48.8m^2$ for group activity oriented type. There was no significant difference in composition of activity areas in classrooms according to the type of daily routine. In case of 0 to 2-year-old classrooms, they were composed of 6 activity areas including gross-motor, role play, block building, language, creative expression, exploration/manipulation. Activity area of the most low frequency was gross-motor area. In case of 3 to 5-year-old classrooms, most classrooms were composed of all the 7 activity areas including art, tone and rhythmic, block building, role play, language, math and science. Most accessible and central areas in 0 to 2-year-old classrooms were gross-motor and role play. Also, most separate areas were exploration/manipulation and block building. Most accessible and central areas in 3 to 5-year-old classroom were art and math. Also, most separate areas were tone and rhythmic and science.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Non-point pollution adversely affects the water system and its influence is increasing. In order to manage such nonpoint source pollution, the government has conducted studies on LID (Low Impact Development) facilities and various efficiency evaluations. In this study, the actual installed permeable block facility among the various LID facilities was analyzed the effluent reduction rate, the residual rainfall analysis, the runoff duration time and the reduction rate of the maximum inflow and outflow for the rainfall runoff control and the results were compared the other facilities. The analysis results show that the reduction efficiency is high in order of impermeable block, filter type permeable block, and clearance type permeable block, and the graph showing the relationship between the rainfall intensity and the runoff duration time is presented. This graph can be helpful in the design of facilities such as the facility capacity selection according to the reproduction period of the permeable block facility similar to this.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.68-83
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• 2010

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) occurred sympatrically with other weeds and the rice crop in Malaysian rice granaries. We conducted field surveys in 2006-2008 seasons in 7 farm blocks of Selangor's North West Project, Malaysia to enlist the new biotypes of weedy rice (NBWR) and assess their spatio-temporal pattern of distribution based on quantitative and dispersion indices. No less than 16 accessions of NBWR were identified based on their special traits, viz. panicle type, pericarp colour, presence or absence of awn, seed type and degree of grain shattering. The NBWR accessions exhibited a combination of morphological traits from open panicle, grain with awns, red pericarp, short grain type, and degrees of grain shattering. Others mimic commercial rices with close panicle, awnless grains, white pericarp, long or short grain-type. Invariably, the NBWRs mimic and stand as tall as cultivated rice namely MR219, MR220, or MR235 and these NBWR accessions stand among equals morphologically vis-a-vis the commercial rice varieties. Most accessions displayed varying degrees of grain shattering in excess of 50%, except Acc9 and Acc12. The seasonal dynamics of on the prevalence of dominant NBWR accessions were also displaying significant differences among farm blocks. While Bagan Terap farm block, for example, did not record any measurable changes in the dominant NBWR accessions over seasons, the Sungai Leman farm block recorded measurable season-mediated changes in the dominant NBWR accessions. Sungai Leman started with NBWR Acc3, Acc4, Acc5, Acc7, Acc8, and Acc12 in season 1 of 2006/2007, but no measurable records of Acc3 and Acc5 were shown in season 2 of 2007. In season 3 of 2007/2008, only Acc8 and Acc12 prevailed in the farm block. In Sawah Sempadan farm block, season 3 of 2007/2008 showed much reduced prevalence of NBWRs leaving only Acc8 and Acc12. Most accessions registered clump or under-dispersed spatial distribution pattern based on quantitative indices: variance-to-mean ratio (VMR) and Lloyd's patchiness values. The dynamics on the extent of infestation and prevalence of dominant NBWR accessions registered both season- and farm-block mediated differences. Most accessions showed VMR >1 thus indicative of having a clump or clustered spatial distribution, as exemplified by Acc3, Acc4, Acc7, Acc8 and Acc12 in all farm blocks throughout three seasons. Some accessions have either random or uniform distribution in a few farm blocks. The Acc8 has the highest population counts based on important value index, followed by Acc12, and both were the most dominant accession while Sawah Sempadan was the worst farm block infested by NBWR compared to other farm blocks. These results were discussed in relation with the current agronomic and weed management practices, water availability and extension services in the granary.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.64-87
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• 2005

The purpose at this study is to develop the appropriate bodice model for Chinese women in order to contribute to the improvement of fitness at clothing products that are exported to China. The sample group was the subject of 149 persons with the standard body shape at 19-24 years old women who reside in Beijing and Shanghai, China. The data analysis is processed for statistics using SPSSWIN 10.0 PROGRAM, and the used analysis methods are technical statistics analysis, factor analysis, group analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The outcome of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Prior to develop the tight-fitting shape of bodice model, the body classification approach by the posture and type of bending and stretching is selected to use 6 index items, and the body types are classified into bent body, right body, and pull-back body. 2. The average body size of standard body shape had 3 times of wearing experiment based on the tight-fitting shape of ESMOD bodice block drawing, and the system was corrected and supplemented to present the final bodice block drawing. 3. Comparisons have been made based on the center front line, center back line and chest circumference for each of existing bodice block for Chinese women, existing bodice block for Korean women and the combination of the bodice block under this study.